HoxD-13在先天性肛门直肠畸形患儿末端直肠组织中的表达意义及与切口感染的关系

摘要 目的：探讨HoxD-13在先天性肛门直肠畸形（CAM）患儿末端直肠组织中的基因表达意义及与术后切口感染的关系。方法：选择2015年6月-2019年06月CAM患儿71例作为观察组,选择非CAM患儿12例作为对照组。采用实时荧光PCR（RT-PCR）检测两组直肠末端组织Hoxd-13基因表达情况;记录观察组性别、年龄、体重、CAM临床分型、其它系统合并畸形情况、手术方式、成形次数、是否发生术后切口感染等,分析上述不同情况下HoxD-13基因表达水平的差异;采用线性回归分析CAM临床分型与合并其它畸形情况、HoxD-13基因表达水平的关系;观察术后切口感染相关因素,采用单因素分析、二元Logistic分析探索切口感染的危险因素。结果：观察组CAM患儿末端直肠组织中HoxD-13相对表达量低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。合并其它畸形患儿的HoxD-13相对表达量低于未合并患儿,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。中高位CAM患儿合并其它畸形患病率72.09%,高于低位CAM患儿（21.43%）,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;中高位CAM患儿的HoxD-13相对表达量低于低位CAM,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;线性回归提示HoxD-13相对表达量是影响临床分型的主要因素（t=4.714,P=0.000）。切口感染单因素分析提示,发生术后切口感染的CAM患儿的临床分型、合并其他畸形情况及直肠末端组织HoxD-13相对表达量与未发生切口感染患儿相比,存在统计学差异（P＜0.05）;二元Logistic分析结果表明,HoxD-13是术后切口感染的危险因素（Wald χ²值=7.440,P=0.006）。结论：HoxD-13基因在CAM患儿末端直肠组织中呈低表达,可能是CAM临床分型及合并其它畸形的主要因素,且可能是术后切口感染的危险因素,因此对胎儿或患儿Hoxd-13基因表达情况进行检测有一定的临床价值。     

胎儿重复肾畸形的超声诊断及误诊原因分析

目的:探讨胎儿重复肾畸形的超声诊断的图像特征及误诊原因。方法:回顾分析我院30例经产前超声诊断为重复肾胎儿的超声图像及其临床资料。结果:30例重复肾胎儿中,出生后经手术或临床证实或终止妊娠后经解剖证实的共有27例,出生后经复查双肾正常的胎儿共有3例。27例重复肾胎儿中,单侧、双侧重复肾分别占22、5例,共32侧重复肾,其中合并输尿管扩张、合并输尿管囊肿的分别占14、4侧;合并其他系统气管畸形的胎儿共6侧,其中染色体三体综合征的有4例;出现4例误诊;胎儿重复肾声像图特征:1呈囊肿样改变肾上极占4侧,类圆形无回声区,壁较薄、光滑,与输尿管相通;2肾窦区可见两个不相通的肾盂,分离肾盂占11侧,未与输尿管相通;3肾窦区可见两个不相通肾盂,分离肾盂占14侧,上肾盂或下肾盂相连于输尿管;4 3侧肾窦区见两个不分离的肾盂,肾脏形态拉长,未与输尿管相通。结论:胎儿重复肾的超声声像图特征主要为两个不相通的肾盂;加强在胎儿中晚孕期时做常规多切面扫查,有利于提高对重复肾胎儿的确诊精确率,为临床评估胎儿提供借鉴。     

一例新生的平衡易位t(12;16)的细胞遗传学研究

报告一例智力低下及头小等多发畸形的4岁女孩,经G、Q及C显带证实,外周血淋巴细胞核型为46,XX,t(12;16)(p12;q24),无嵌合现象,其父母的核型均正常。结合临床及病史分析,认为患儿的主要临床表现与该染色体易位有关。本例新生的染色体平衡易位可能来源于双亲之一配子发生过程中的突变或性腺内存在该易位的嵌合体。如属后一情况亦可能形成异常的、不平衡的配子。     

一例带有t(4;13)染色体易位的4q部分三体型(4q25→4qter)男孩

本文报告一例带有t(4;13)染色体易位的4q部分三体型男孩,主诉间歇性肢体痉挛,并有多指畸形,双耳低位及上腭高尖,经外周血淋巴细胞G显带染色体分析,核型为46,XY,-13, der(13),t(4;13)(13pter→13q34∷4q25→4qter)。其母亲核型正常,父亲和伯父核型均为46,XY,t(1;4)(1pter→1q43∷4q25→4qter;4pter→4q25∷1q43→1qter),认为患儿的4q部分三体片段(4q25→4qter)得自父亲。     

育龄及胎次与精神分裂症关联的研究

二倍体广四倍体嵌合体是极为罕见的病例, 1981年11月9日我院收治一例疑有染色体异 常的多发畸形患儿,经外周血培养做染色体检 查,发现为46,XY/92, XXYY嵌合体。     

一例罕见的46,XY/92, XXYY嵌合体

二倍体广四倍体嵌合体是极为罕见的病例， 1981年11月9日我院收治一例疑有染色体异 常的多发畸形患儿，经外周血培养做染色体检 查，发现为46,XY/92, XXYY嵌合体。     

一个遗传了三代的染色体易位t(1;7)(1q42;7p22)家系

在遗传咨询门诊中,我们对一名智力低下的患儿作染色体分析,发现其7号染色体短臂异常,其父和祖母均为1号与7号染色体易位。现报告如下。 病例介绍 患儿女性,17个月,第一胎足月顺产,出生后体重增长缓慢,11个月会抬头,1岁后才能独坐及翻身,至今不会叫人,智力发育迟缓。 体检:体重8.7公斤,头围48厘米,枕部     

天蓝淡红链霉菌SIPI-1482中酮还原酶基因dnrU的阻断突变研究

目的：研究柔红霉素产生菌天蓝淡红链霉菌SIPI-1482中酮还原酶基因dnrU阻断后的产物（13s）-13-二氢柔红霉素及其他发酵产物的变化。方法：利用同源重组的原理,以大肠杆菌质粒pUC18为基础构建了dnrU基因交换质粒,通过在SIPI-1482染色体上的dnrU基因中插入安普霉素抗性基因来筛选dnrU的阻断突变株。结果和结论：PCR验证表明成功地阻断了dnrU基因。dnrU基因敲除后,重组菌发酵产物中（13s）-13-二氢柔红霉素消失,而其他发酵中间产物也有一定变化。     

超声联合染色体检测对胎儿心血管畸形的诊断价值

摘要 目的：探讨超声联合染色体检测对胎儿心血管畸形的诊断价值。方法：2017年6月到2020年12月选择在本院诊治的高危孕妇117例作为研究对象,所有孕妇都给予胎儿心脏超声检查与羊膜穿刺染色体检查,判断胎儿心血管畸形情况。结果：在117例孕妇中,胎儿心脏超声检出胎儿心血管畸形37例,占比31.6%,前三位主要为室间隔缺损、左上腔静脉、右锁骨下动脉。羊膜腔穿刺术检出32例染色体异常胎儿,占比27.4%,其中染色体数目异常30例,染色体结构异常2例,前三位分别为21-三体、13-三体与18-三体。超声检查胎儿心血管畸形37例中,染色体异常30例;超声检查胎儿心血管正常80例中,染色体异常2例,对比差异有统计学 意义(P<0.05)。联合诊断为胎儿心血管畸形39例,随访后确诊为胎儿心血管畸形40例,超声联合染色体检测对胎儿心血管畸形的敏感性与特异性为100.0%(39/39)和98.7%(77/78)。结论：胎儿心脏超声联合染色体检测对胎儿心血管畸形的诊断具有很高敏感性与特异性,可尽最大可能提高出生缺陷儿的检出率,有很好的应用价值。     

白细胞介素13

IL－13是新近发现的一种新的细胞因子,由Th2细胞产生,人IL－13（hIL-13)的分子量为17kd(糖量化）和12．4kD( 非糖基化）;鼠IL－13（mIL-13)的分子量为14kD;二者的氨基酸序列同源性为58％,hIL-13和mIL-13的基因定位于人第5号染色体和鼠第11号染色体上,并与IL－4基因紧密连锁,二者的cDNA同源性为66％,重组IL－13（γIL－13）具有多种生物学活性刺激前髓样细胞增殖,诱导单核细胞表达MHC II类抗原和CD23,促进B细胞增殖,分化和分泌Ig,抑制炎症因子的产生和HIV－1的复制,抗肿瘤等,对其深入研究将有助于认识IL－13在炎症反应的发生和发展以及调节免疫应答方面的作用,并为其临床应用的可能性提供理论依据。     

湖南地区1013例亲子鉴定中的STR突变位点研究

对亲子鉴定常用的ABI公司Indentifiler荧光标记复合扩增试剂盒中的15个短串联重复序列及D14S306、D16S3391、D5S2500、D12S391、D13S796、D1S518位点的突变现象进行研究.在1013例认定亲子关系案例中,对发现有一个基因位点发生突变的案例增加8个常染色体STR（short tandem repeat）基因座检测,使其父权相对机会（RCP）大于99.999%以上,并对突变位点进行测序.在1013例认定亲子关系案例中,发现11例有一个基因位点发生突变,8次突变事件为父源性突变,突变位点包括vWA、FGA、D14S306、D13S317、D21S11、CSFIPO、D16S3391;其余3例突变来源不明,包括FGA、D13S796、D3S1358.以vWA和FGA的突变率最高,为0.15%,平均突变率为（0.09&#177;0.370&#215;10^-3）%.本鉴定所常用的21个基因座,突变率低,具有较高的推广价值.     

Comparative study of genetic variation at 15 STR loci in three isolated populations of the Bosnian mountain area

Fifteen autosomal STR loci (D3S1358, TH01, D21S11, D18S51, Penta E, D5S818, D13S317, D7S820, D16S539, CSF1PO, Penta D, VWA, D8S1179, TPOX, and FGA) were studied in three geographically close but isolated populations from the Bosnian mountain area. The three villages are Bobovica, Dejcici, and Lukomir. DNA was obtained from 83 individuals, and the allele frequencies and genetic diversity among the three sample groups were compared. In addition, seven of the STR loci (CSF1PO, D13S317, D3S1358, D5S818, D7S820, FGA, TH01) were used in a comparative population analysis of the Bjelasnica-Treskavica region and the Adriatic islands of Brac, Hvar, and Korcula. Although the sample sizes are relatively small, the observed variation within any of the small isolated populations is high and comparable to less isolated groups. In addition, even though the populations are geographically isolated, the STR data are similar among the populations. The most significant frequency differences were observed at the TH01 locus. Although the specific allele distributions in any untyped population cannot be determined a priori, we find support for a high degree of diversity for the STR loci in most populations. In addition, the multiple locus profile is highly informative not only for various population studies but also for forensic studies, even when specific population data are not available.     

银染法检测短串联重复序列(STR)位点PCR产物鉴别MRC-5细胞

通过采用银染法鉴别短串联重复序列聚合酶链式反应(STR)位点的PCR产物来鉴别人二倍体细胞MRC-5株主细胞库、工作细胞库及限制代细胞。运用PCR方法对细胞库的9个STR位点(CSF1PO、TPOX、TH01、F13A01、FESFPS、vWA、D16S539、D7S820、D13S317)和性别鉴别位点Am elogen in进行扩增,变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离,银染法显影技术,检测MRC-5主细胞库、工作细胞库及限制代细胞的遗传标记。与ATCC公布的MRC-5的荧光STR图谱的8个STR位点和Am elogen in位点相比,MRC-5主细胞库、工作细胞库、限制代细胞的银染STR图谱的9个STR位点和Am elogen in位点,荧光法和银染法重叠的8个位点(CSF1PO、TPOX、TH01、FESFPS、vWA、D16S539、D7S820、D13S317和Am elogen in)数据完全吻合,说明细胞鉴别试验成立。STR图谱作为细胞鉴别的方法简单、易行、准确。     

新疆4个民族STR基因座遗传多态性研究

对新疆维吾尔放族,锡伯族,乌孜别克族,柯尔克孜族4个民族的400份样本和40个家系进行STR基因扫描,基因分型和遗传结构分析。获得了4个民族STR遗传特征及遗传方式等的科学数据。结果为9个STR基因座上维吾尔族有66种STR等位基因,148种基因型;锡伯族有72种STR等位基因,163种基因型;乌孜别克族有65种TSR等位基因,168种基因型;柯尔克孜族有71种STR等位基因,191种基因型,用新疆4个民族的数据和汉族人群,美国高加索人群,美国黑人相比较发现,中国民族遗传特征数据之间差异不显著,而和国外民族相比差异显著,进一步证明中华民族是一个不可分割的大家庭。     

Polymorphism profile of nine short tandem repeat Loci in the Han chinese

Nine short tandem repeat (STR) markers (D3S1358, VWA, FGA, THO1, TPOX, CSFIPO, D5S818, D13S317, and D7S820) and a sex-identification marker (Amel-ogenin locus) were amplified with multiplex PCR and were genotyped with a four-color fluorescence method in samples from 174 unrelated Han individuals in North China. The allele frequencies, genotype frequencies, heterozygosity, probability of discrimination powers, probability of paternity exclusion and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium expectations were determined. The results demonstrated that the genotypes at all these STR loci in Han population conform to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium expectations. The combined discrimination power (DP) was 1.05×10-10 within nine STR loci analyzed and the probability of paternity exclusion (EPP) was 0.9998. The results indicate that these nine STR loci and the Amelo-genin locus are useful markers for human identification, paternity and maternity testing and sex determination in forensic sciences.     

中国五个民族STR位点遗传多态性（2）

通过对我国汉回蒙藏维５个民族的５０个家系和５００份样本的ＳＴＲ基因扫描、基因分型和遗传结构分析,获得了ＳＴＲ基因传递方式及遗传特征的大量科学数据。研究结果表明在９个ＳＴＲ位点上汉族有６０种ＳＴＲ等位基因,１４９种基因型;回族有６３种ＳＴＲ等位基因,１４４种基因型;蒙古族有６９种ＳＴＲ等位基因,１７３种基因型;藏族有７７种等位基因,１６８种基因型;维吾尔族有７０种ＳＴＲ等位基因,１４８种基因型。中国     

用多重PCR检测上海地区汉族人群9个STR基因座的多态性

利用多重PCR和四色荧光（5－FAM,JOE,NED和ROX）自动化检测技术调查上海地区汉族人群D3S1358、vWA、FGA、D8S1179、D21S11、D18S51、D5S818、D13S317、D7S820等9个STR基因座多态性分布并计算 该9个基因座的的基因频率（Pi)、个体鉴别力（DP）、无偏倚期望杂合性（H）、多态性信息含量（PIC）和非父排除概率（PE）。结果显示：9个STR基因座的基因型分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡,9个STR基因座中FGA基因座的DP值最高为0.9584,D8S1179的H值最高为0.9403,D18S51的PIC值最高为0.8560,D18S51的PE值最高为0.7391,9个STR基因座累积个体鉴别力（CDP)为0.9999996,累积非父排除能力（CPE）为0.99991。9个STR基因座适合作为中国人群的遗传标志,用于人类学、遗传疾病基因连锁分析、法医学亲子鉴定和个体识别等研究领域。     

The autosomal dominant familial exudative vitreoretinopathy locus maps on 11q and is closely linked to D11S533.

Autosomal dominant familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (adFEVR) is a hereditary disorder characterized by the incomplete vascularization of the peripheral retina. The primary biochemical defect in adFEVR is unknown. The adFEVR locus has tentatively been assigned to 11q by linkage studies. We report the results of an extended multipoint linkage analysis of two families with adFEVR by using five markers (INT2, D11S533, D11S527, D11S35, and CD3D) from 11q13-q23. Pairwise linkage data obtained in the two families were rather similar and hence have not provided evidence for genetic heterogeneity. The highest complied two-point lod score (3.67, at a recombination fraction of .07) was obtained for the disease locus versus D11S533. Multipoint analyses showed that the adFEVR locus maps most likely, with a maximum location score of over 20, between D11S533/D11S527 and D11S35, at recombination rates of .147 and .104, respectively. Close linkage without recombination (maximum lod score 11.26) has been found between D11S533 and D11S527.     

Paternity testing and forensic DNA typing by multiplex STR analysis using ABI PRISM 310 Genetic Analyzer

Short tandem repeats (STRs) are widespread throughout the human genome and are a rich source of highly polymorphic markers which can be detected by PCR. To gain a better appreciation for how the polymorphism at a particular locus impacts the individual identity, the present study was undertaken to explore the use of 15 STR loci in forensic investigation and paternity testing. Multiplex STR typing was used to study the 15 STR loci (D8S1179, D21S11, D7S820, CSF1PO, D3S1358, TH01, D13S317, D16S539, D2S1338, D19S433, vWA, TPOX, D18S51, D5S818 and FGA) in addition to a gender identification marker, amelogenin, by capillary electrophoresis on 310 Genetic Analyzer. Samples from 85 trio and duo cases of disputed paternity were investigated. The data were analyzed to give information on paternity index, probability of paternity, frequency of number of exclusions and rate of mismatch at each STR locus. The method was also successfully applied to forensic personal identification in theft and murder cases. The results demonstrated that the STR typing is a reliable and robust tool for analyzing the forensic practice as well as for paternity testing. The advantages of using multiplex STR analysis over other conventional methods are discussed.     

Two-color multiplexed analysis of eight short tandem repeat loci with an electrophoretic microdevice.

Single-channel microfabricated electrophoretic devices equipped with a dual-wavelength laser-induced fluorescence detection system were used for the fast analysis of an eight-loci, two-color multiplex short tandem repeat (STR) system for human identification. Routine analyses of the eight loci (CSF1PO, TPOX, TH01, vWA and D16S539, D7S820, D13S317, D5S818), requiring four-base resolution, were performed in only 2 min. Specific analyses for a microvariant allele (allele 9.3 of the TH01 locus) demanded single-base resolution and was performed in less than 10 min. The high accuracy of the microdevice for real-world STR sample analyses was demonstrated by comparison with conventional slab-gel electrophoresis. Our results show that a fast multiwavelength multichannel electrophoretic microsystem will be capable of routinely processing thousands of complex STR samples per day.