膜技术纯化菊花总黄酮的工艺研究

研究膜分离技术分离纯化菊花黄酮的工艺,以菊花总黄酮纯度和操作过程稳定性为评价指标,采用膜分离技术对菊花提取液进行处理,对膜的规格、溶液温度、操作压力和操作时间进行了优选。结果表明:选择孔径0.5μm无机陶瓷膜,在溶液温度50℃、操作压力0.25 MPa条件下,微滤180 min能达到较好地除杂和澄清的效果;选择截留分子量为8×103的超滤膜,在溶液温度40℃、操作压力1.6 MPa条件下,超滤120 min,总黄酮纯度为19.81%。采用膜技术纯化菊花总黄酮的工艺操作简单,纯化效果高。     

温度对绞股蓝和五柱绞股蓝生长及总皂苷积累的影响

温度是影响绞股蓝生长发育和总皂苷积累的重要环境因子之一。将绞股蓝和五柱绞股蓝幼苗置于10、15、20、25℃和30℃的光照培养箱中处理40d,检测其形态指标和总皂苷含量。结果表明:在25℃条件下,绞股蓝的叶面积、叶柄长、茎长、新萌叶片数、生物量和总叶绿素含量均为最高,五柱绞股蓝的生长发育也具有类似的规律,因此推断25℃是绞股蓝和五柱绞股蓝生长发育的适温条件。绞股蓝和五柱绞股蓝的总皂苷含量则以30℃下最高。绞股蓝的生物量和总皂苷含量决定了总皂苷产量,25～30℃最有利于提高绞股蓝的总皂苷产量,30℃则是提高五柱绞股蓝总皂苷产量的最适温度。     

Effects of temperature on growth and total gypenosides accumulation in Gynostemma pentaphyllum and Gynostemma pentagynum

温度是影响绞股蓝生长发育和总皂苷积累的重要环境因子之一.将绞股蓝和五柱绞股蓝幼苗置于10、15、20、25 ℃和30 ℃的光照培养箱中处理40 d,检测其形态指标和总皂苷含量.结果表明:在25 ℃条件下,绞股蓝的叶面积、叶柄长、茎长、新萌叶片数、生物量和总叶绿素含量均为最高,五柱绞股蓝的生长发育也具有类似的规律,因此推断25 ℃是绞股蓝和五柱绞股蓝生长发育的适温条件.绞股蓝和五柱绞股蓝的总皂苷含量则以30 ℃下最高.绞股蓝的生物量和总皂苷含量决定了总皂苷产量,25～30 ℃最有利于提高绞股蓝的总皂苷产量,30 ℃则是提高五柱绞股蓝总皂苷产量的最适温度.     

连续逆流提取机及其在绞股蓝皂苷提取工艺中的应用

简述了中草药连续逆流提取机的基本结构和工作原理.以水为溶媒、绞股蓝为原料,进行绞股蓝有效成分的提取试验.以绞股蓝水溶出物和总皂苷为目标物,考察提取温度、液料比和提取时间等因素对提取得率的影响,并通过L9(33)正交实验设计,对提取工艺进行优选.采用中草药连续逆流提取机提取绞股蓝有效成分的最佳工艺条件:提取溶剂温度80 ℃,料液比1:35(g/mL),提取时间50 min;所得提取物得率为33.95%,总皂苷得率为8.9%.     

黄芪总皂苷的纯化工艺

目的:优化黄芪总皂苷的纯化工艺.方法:以总皂苷含量为指标,采用均匀设计法对黄芪总皂苷的纯化工艺参数进行优化.结果:最佳纯化工艺条件为:药液浓度为1 g原生药/ml,加入氢氧化钠至5%,加入水饱和正丁醇动态萃取2次,每次1.25倍量,加5%氢氧化钠溶液1倍量动态洗涤1次,加水1倍量动态洗涤2次,调节正丁醇溶液pH至中性.优化条件下的验证试验得到的黄芪总皂苷含量平均值为65.23%(n=3).结论:建立的黄芪总皂苷的纯化工艺稳定、可行,适合放大生产.     

膜分离法纯化大蒜超氧化物歧化酶的条件研究

本文探讨了膜分离技术分离纯化大蒜超氧化物歧化酶(SOD )的工艺条件,研究了中空纤维超滤膜分离提纯大蒜SOD的工艺参数.通过单因素实验,分析了温度、压力、透过率对SOD活力回收率的影响;并通过正交实验确定出超滤膜分离法的最佳条件:温度32 ℃,压力0.15 MPa,透过率90%.在此基础上研究了纳滤膜对超滤液进行浓缩纯化的工艺条件,适宜的纳滤条件为:温度32 ℃,压力1.4 MPa.     

超滤膜分离纯化加纳籽中5-羟基色氨酸的研究北大核心CSCD

研究了超滤膜从加纳籽中分离纯化5-羟基色氨酸的相关膜工艺条件及参数,并筛选出适合的聚砜超滤膜。研究结果表明,截留分子量为50 K的超滤膜分离纯化5-羟基色氨酸的效果要优于截留分子量分别为10 K和100 K的超滤膜。超滤膜分离纯化5-羟基色氨酸优化工艺条件:操作压力0.10 MPa、操作温度35℃、料液质量浓度1.141 mg/m L、p H值7.0,在此条件下5-羟基色氨酸转移率为83.5%,纯度可达90.5%。     

超滤膜分离纯化加纳籽中5-羟基色氨酸的研究

研究了超滤膜从加纳籽中分离纯化5-羟基色氨酸的相关膜工艺条件及参数,并筛选出适合的聚砜超滤膜。研究结果表明,截留分子量为50 K的超滤膜分离纯化5-羟基色氨酸的效果要优于截留分子量分别为10 K和100 K的超滤膜。超滤膜分离纯化5-羟基色氨酸优化工艺条件:操作压力0.10 MPa、操作温度35℃、料液质量浓度1.141 mg/m L、p H值7.0,在此条件下5-羟基色氨酸转移率为83.5%,纯度可达90.5%。     

动态连续逆流提取绞股蓝皂苷的研究

本文在中试条件下,通过单因素试验和正交试验考察不同因素对绞股蓝皂苷提取得率的影响,从而探讨动态连续逆流提取绞股蓝皂苷的最佳工艺。结果表明:动态连续逆流提取绞股蓝皂苷最佳条件为:提取溶剂温度为80℃,料液比为1∶35(g/mL),提取时间为50 min。在此条件下,绞股蓝提取物平均提取得率为33.95%,皂苷得率为8.9%;动态连续逆流提取绞股蓝皂苷具有生产连续性好、皂苷提取得率高、产品纯度高等优点。     

纯化的绞股蓝皂苷的抗氧化活性研究

目的:比较经不同纯化条件纯化的绞股蓝皂苷样品的体外抗氧化能力,方法:通过清除DPPH自由基,羟自由基,抑制脂质过氧化的能力,还原力来检测样品的抗氧化能力。结果:对DPPH自由基清除率最高的是总皂苷A,达86.08%;对.OH的清除率最高的总皂苷A’,为53.49%;对脂质过氧化的抑制率最高的是总皂苷A,为54.08%,还原力大小排序为总皂苷A>总皂苷A’>总皂苷B。结论:总皂苷A的抗氧化能力最强。     

超滤法浓缩提取大蒜SOD机制的研究

本文研究了超滤法浓缩提取大蒜SOD过程中不同膜材料、压力差、循环速度、扩散系数和截留率对透过通量的影响和关系,求得了各种膜的传质系数k和真实截留率R0以及PS膜的透过通量与压力差的关系式限通量最后探讨了超滤过程中分子形变对酶失活率的影响,并建立了酶失活率T与分子半径r二者关系式     

Ultrafiltration of highly concentrated antibody solutions: Experiments and modeling for the effects of module and buffer conditions

Although ultrafiltration is currently used for the concentration and formulation of nearly all biotherapeutics, obtaining the very high target concentrations for monoclonal antibody products is challenging. The objective of this work was to examine the effects of the membrane module design and buffer conditions on both the filtrate flux and maximum achievable protein concentration during the ultrafiltration of highly concentrated monoclonal antibody solutions. Experimental data were obtained using both hollow fiber and screened cassettes and in the presence of specific excipients that are known to alter the solution viscosity. Data were compared with predictions of a recently developed model that accounts for the complex thermodynamic and hydrodynamic behavior in these systems, including the effects of back‐filtration arising from the large pressure drop through the module due to the high viscosity of the concentrated antibody solutions. Model calculations were in good agreement with experimental data in hollow fiber modules with very different fiber length and in screened cassettes having different screen geometries. These results provide important insights into the key factors controlling the filtrate flux and maximum achievable protein concentration during ultrafiltration of highly concentrated antibody solutions as well as a framework for the development of enhanced ultrafiltration processes for this application. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:692–701, 2016     

Highly selective membranes in protein ultrafiltration

A new ultrafiltration technique based on a multimembrane stack has been developed to fractionate solutes closer in size than conventionally possible. The technique is illustrated here by obtaining a pure protein product from a binary protein mixture. By employing membranes in series without any gaskets or spacers in-between, ultrafiltration is carried out to separate two proteins relatively close in molecular weight or size. Flat YM30 regenerated cellulose membranes, all of the same molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) 30,000, are stacked together in the desired number, and ultrafiltration takes place. The membrane rejection of a protein is amplified with each additional membrane, ultimately resulting in a completely rejected species. Complete purification of the more permeable protein may be achieved regardless of the physicochemical condition that may be optimal or suboptimal for selective separation by a single membrane. Two systems, myoglobin and beta-lactoglobulin, as well as myoglobin and alpha-lactalbumin were studied, under various operating conditions. The solvent flux reduction encountered when each membrane is added may also be avoided, by operating at increased pressure, while still achieving the desired purification. Cleaning in situ is achievable with reproducible experimental results before and after on-line cleaning. The results clearly demonstrate that multimembrane stacks can be used for fractionation of proteins that are quite close in molecular weight/size.     

Controlling protein transport in ultrafiltration using small charged ligands

Previous studies have demonstrated that protein transport during ultrafiltration can be strongly influenced by solution pH and ionic strength. The objective of this study was to examine the possibility of controlling protein transmission using a small, highly charged ligand that selectively binds to the protein of interest. Experiments were performed using bovine serum albumin and the dye Cibacron Blue. Protein sieving data were obtained with essentially neutral and negatively charged versions of a composite regenerated cellulose membrane to examine the effects of electrostatic interactions. The addition of only 1 g/L of Cibacron Blue to an 8 g/L BSA solution reduced the BSA sieving coefficient through the negatively-charged membrane by more than two orders of magnitude, with this effect being largely eliminated at high salt and with the neutral membrane. Protein sieving data were in good agreement with model calculations based on the partitioning of a charged sphere in a charged pore accounting for the change in net protein charge due to ligand binding and the increase in solution ionic strength due to the free ligand in solution.     

Nonaggregating refolding of ribonuclease A using reverse micellar dialysis

A hydrophilic ultrafiltration membrane, regenerated cellulose, facilitates the size-selectable permeability of hydrophilic solutes in reverse micellar solution. By using an ultrafiltration membrane with a molecular weight cutoff of 3,500, we demonstrate a nonaggregating protein refolding technique based on the dialysis of reverse micellar solution. This realizes concurrent removal of denaturants, urea and 2-mercaptoethanol, and the supply of redox reagents, reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH, GSSG), to promote renaturation of proteins. Two mg/ml ribonuclease A (RNase A) was refolded completely without any dilution and aggregation for 60 h. The refolding behavior of RNase A is strongly influenced by the ratio of GSH and GSSG. Moreover, we recovered 90% of the refolded RNase A from AOT reverse micellar solution with acetone precipitation and beta-cyclodextrin washing. These findings should facilitate the production of a continuous protein refolding membrane reactor.     

A nonchromatographic process for purification of secretory immunoglobulins from caprine whey

Secretory immunoglobulins are an important antibody class being primarily responsible for immunoprotection of mucosal surfaces. A simple, non‐chromatographic purification process for secretory immunoglobulins from caprine whey was developed. In the first process step whey was concentrated 30–40‐fold on a 500 kDa membrane, thereby increasing the purity from 3% to 15%. The second step consisted of a fractionated PEG precipitation, in which high molecular weight impurities were removed first and in the second stage the secretory immunoglobulins were precipitated, leaving a majority of the low molecular weight proteins in solution. The re‐dissolved secretory immunoglobulin fraction had a purity of 43% which could then be increased to 72% by diafiltration at a volume exchange factor of 10. Further increase of purity was only possible at the expense of very high buffer consumption. If diafiltration was performed directly after ultrafiltration, followed by precipitation, the yield was higher but purity was only 54%. Overall, filtration performance was characterized by high concentration polarization, therefore process conditions were set to low trans‐membrane pressure and moderate protein concentration. As such purity and to a lesser extent throughput were the major objectives rather than yield, since whey, as a by‐product of the dairy industry, is a cheap raw material of almost unlimited supply. Ultra‐/diafiltration performance was described well by correlations using dimensionless numbers. Compared with a theoretical model (Graetz/Leveque solution) the flux was slightly overestimated. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:642–653, 2017     

超滤法浓缩谷氨酰胺转胺酶的影响因素研究

对微生物谷氨酰胺转胺酶(MTG)超滤浓缩的工艺条件进行了探讨及优化。实验采用截留分子量为30 kDa的聚醚砜(PES)膜,当发酵液初始pH为7,超滤浓缩倍数为4倍时,可以得到理想的MTG回收率。同时对超滤液中蛋白酶的变化进行了分析,发现随着超滤倍数的提高蛋白酶也逐渐提高,但在浓缩4倍以后达到较稳定的水平。聚醚砜(PES)超滤膜使用后用稀释的NaOH溶液浸泡清洗处理50 min后,膜通量可以恢复98.12%。     

Recovery and purification of thuringiensin from the fermentation broth of Bacillus thuringiensis

Thuringiensin is a heat stable -exotoxin from Bacillus thuringiensis with a great potential for replacing the traditional chemical pesticides. A process using micellar-enhanced ultrafitration method to recover thuringiensin was significantly improved by the use of a spiral-wound membrane, which could be operated at a low transmembrane pressure drop. This method was performed by adding a surfactant cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) into the fermentation broth. After the surfactant-thuringiensin conjugates were formed, the broth then passed through the ultrafiltration membrane and the retentate was collected. The results indicated the optimal concentration of CPC for producing a maximal recovery up to 99.3% is 4%. For purification, the centrifuged broth was further filtered by a membrane filter. The filtered solution then was mixed with 50% of activated carbon. The supernatant then was injected into a preparative HPLC. The eluate was collected during thuringiensin peak formation. This eluate was then concentrated by vacuum evaporation and dialysis using an electrodialyzer to remove the excess salts. The dialyzed solution was then crystallized by lyophilization. The purity of the thuringiensin crystal was identified by HPLC, capillary electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry.This revised version was published online in October 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

超滤方法在体外循环中应用的探讨

目的：观察和研究超滤方法在体外循环心内直视手术中应用的效果。方法：统计自1989年9月至2002年1月间共实行8622例体外循环心内直视手术中应用超滤方法,其中男性4825例,女性3837例。体外循环中超滤法是在心内操作基本完成,且在机体给予复温时进行的。结果：全组病例超滤时间10-46分,超滤液量为300-1800ml,监测超滤液中未发现细胞成分,蛋白定性为阴性。超滤后血液得到浓缩,检测血液尿素氮,肌酐及炎性介质均比以前降低。结论：体外循环中应用超滤方法可以减轻病人术后组织水肿,并能迅速地浓缩血液,提高病人的血细胞压积,血红蛋白和各种凝血物质,超滤方法还能降低体外循环中的炎性介质的浓度,有利于患者术后的康复。     

MMP-7 affects peritoneal ultrafiltration associated with elevated aquaporin-1 expression via MAPK/ERK pathway in peritoneal mesothelial cells

Peritoneal membrane dysfunction and the resulting ultrafiltration failure are the major disadvantages of long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD). It becomes increasingly clear that mesothelial cells play a vital role in the pathophysiological changes of the peritoneal membrane. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) function in the extracellular environment of cells and mediate extracellular matrix turnover during peritoneal membrane homeostasis. We showed here that dialysate MMP-7 levels markedly increased in the patients with PD, and the elevated MMP-7 level was negatively associated with peritoneal ultrafiltration volume. Interestingly, MMP-7 could regulate the cell osmotic pressure and volume of human peritoneal mesothelial cells. Moreover, we provided the evidence that MMP-7 activated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK) pathway and subsequently promoted the expression of aquaporin-1 (AQP-1) resulting in the change of cell osmotic pressure. Using a specific inhibitor of ERK pathway abrogated the MMP-7-mediating AQP-1 up-regulation and cellular homeostasis. In summary, all the findings indicate that MMP-7 could modulate the activity of peritoneal cavity during PD, and dialysate MMP-7 might be a non-invasive biomarker and an alternative therapeutic target for PD patients with ultrafiltration failure.