影响根癌农杆菌介导水稻转化的因素分析

根癌农杆菌与来自水稻成熟种子盾片的愈伤组织共培养,将GUS基因导入水稻愈伤组织,并获得了转基因植株。通过比较影响根癌农杆菌转化频率的各种因素,表明激素配比为2,4-D1mg/L、TDZ0.5mg/L、NAA1mg/L时,可以大大促进籼稻愈伤组织的分化能力;酚类化合物的加入使农杆菌的转化频率提高8.9%-23.5%;共培养时农杆菌的稀释方式及适当调整潮霉素（hygB）的使用浓度影响到农杆菌的转化频率。     

不同抗生素对雪莲愈伤组织生长的影响

以雪莲叶片为外植体,探讨了卡那霉素(kanamycin,Kan)、潮霉素(hygromycin B,Hyg)、羧苄青霉素(car-benidillin,Car)3种抗生素对雪莲愈伤组织诱导、生长及分化的影响,以确定农杆菌介导的遗传转化研究中筛选剂和抑菌剂的最适浓度。结果表明:40mg/L的卡那霉素已抑制雪莲愈伤组织生长,当卡那霉素为50mg/L时,愈伤组织的生长基本停止;8.0mg/L潮霉素能够有效抑制雪莲愈伤组织的生长,当潮霉素为20mg/L时则生长的愈伤组织块较小、褐化、甚至死亡。同时,低浓度(0.5～2.0mg/L)的潮霉素可以提高雪莲愈伤组织的分化率;作为农杆菌抑菌剂,不同浓度羧苄青霉素对雪莲愈伤组织生长的影响差异极显著,当羧苄青霉素的浓度超过400mg/L时对雪莲愈伤组织的出愈及生长均有明显的抑制作用。     

农杆菌介导的玉米转化后分化和生根条件优化

通过诱导5种自交系玉米授粉10～12d的未成熟幼胚,产生胚性愈伤组织,以农杆菌介导法,分别转化‘18-599(H)’、‘齐319’、‘综31’、‘Z674’和‘郑58’等5种玉米自交系。以GUS基因作为报告基因进行组织化学染色和潮霉素磷酸转移酶基因片段PCR特异扩增等方法检测都证明了外源基因的成功转化。对5种自交系玉米的出愈率、抗性愈伤率、转化率等指标进行了详细统计,并对分化培养基中附加不同细胞分裂素的分化效果以及对不同生根培养基的生根效果进行比较、优化,结果发现,通过优化抗性愈伤的最佳分化培养基(N6 1.0mg·L-1KT)和最佳生根培养基(1/2MS),使‘18-599(H)’的转化效率最高达6.1%,‘齐319’次之为3.5%。     

根癌农杆菌介导甘蔗遗传转化Bt(cry1Ab)基因北大核心CSCD

以自育甘蔗品种"川蔗23号"诱导的胚性愈伤为受体材料,首次用较低的根癌农杆菌侵染浓度(OD600=0.1左右)与较短的侵染时间(1.5 min)成功实现甘蔗遗传转化Bt(cry1Ab)基因。结果表明,胚性愈伤分化与小芽生根最适潮霉素筛选浓度分别为20 mg/L和30 mg/L;愈伤组织胚性的一致性是影响筛选阶段愈伤再生的重要因素,培养40 d的愈伤组织为转化最适受体;转化材料经连续的潮霉素抗性筛选后,获得65株抗性植株,通过特异性引物的PCR扩增检测,有2株获得阳性条带,初步表明目的基因已整合到甘蔗染色体基因组中。     

转苏云金杆菌毒蛋白基因玉米植株的获得及其抗虫性分析

玉米( Zea mays L.)转化成功与否与基因型密切相关.在转化过程中,除少数模式品种能够形成再生频率较高且易转化的Ⅱ型愈伤组织外,大多数栽培品种往往只能够形成再生频率较低且不易转化的Ⅰ型愈伤组织.因此探索Ⅰ型愈伤组织的诱导及其转化条件,提高转化效率,对直接改良玉米优良自交系具有重要意义.应用基因枪转化技术将苏云金杆菌( Bacillus thuringiensis ) cry1Ac3基因导入玉米优良自交系E28及340的Ⅰ型胚性愈伤组织中,经过膦丝菌素(PPT)或潮霉素(HygB)筛选,获得了再生植株.经PCR检测、Southern blot分析及Bt毒蛋白ELISA检测证实,外源基因已整合到玉米基因组中,并已获得表达.抗虫性分析结果表明,部分转基因玉米植株对玉米螟虫有较强的抗性.还比较了PPT和HygB两种筛选剂的筛选效果,表明PPT筛选的抗性愈伤组织的再生频率要高于HygB筛选的再生频率.     

淀粉分支酶sbeIIb基因RNA干涉片段转化玉米自交系的研究

玉米高直链淀粉育种是玉米分子育种的一个重要研究方向.本实验中,首先研究了不同诱导愈伤培养基对再生体系的影响,确定了LS+2,4-D 2.0 mg/L+L-pro 700 mg/L+CH 500 mg/L+3 %蔗糖为诱导培养基.同时,构建并验证了含有淀粉分支酶sbeIIb基因双干涉片段载体和胚乳特异性启动子的表达载体pCAMBIA 1301+Glu+1620,并转入根癌农杆菌EHA105,以农杆菌转化法转化玉米自交系178.通过PCR检测,5株转化株表现阳性,初步证明了干涉片段已整合入玉米基因组中.     

影响农杆菌介导玉米优良自交系遗传转化的因素

以我国玉米骨干自交系9046,齐319,414,Mo17的幼胚为材料,在已经建立的农杆菌介导的玉米幼胚转化体系的基础上,研究了影响农杆菌介导玉米优良自交系遗传转化的因素,建立了优化的玉米优良自交系的遗传转化体系.研究结果表明,1.0-2.0mm的玉米幼胚是最适宜的转化受体;在感染液和共培养基中都加入乙酰丁香酮(200μmol/L)和抗坏血酸(50mg/L),能显著提高农杆菌对玉米的侵染能力;而感染前将幼胚高渗透压预处理未能提高转化率;延迟筛选有利于提高抗性愈伤组织的存活率.应用优化后的转化体系,获得了这4个玉米优良自交系的转基因植株,PCR阳性植株率为1.71%-4.09%.转化植株叶片总DNA的PCR和Southern杂交分析表明,T-DNA上的外源基因已经整合进了玉米基因组,并且在大多数转基因植株(71.4%)中为单位点插入.这一体系的建立,为进一步将有用基因导入玉米优良自交系奠定了基础.     

潮霉素在大麦遗传转化中的应用研究

以‘B1202’、‘U202’和‘云引1号’3个大麦品种(系)为试材,研究了潮霉素对大麦愈伤组织生长、分化及成熟种子的影响。结果表明:潮霉素对抗性愈伤的适宜筛选浓度为60 mg/L,分化阶段的适宜筛选浓度为40 mg/L,对转基因后代种子筛选以80 mg/L较为适宜,而不同材料对潮霉素的敏感性存在一定程度的差异。通过PCR检测采用农杆菌介导法转化获得的T0和T1代潮霉素抗性苗,结果证实在大麦遗传转化中采用潮霉素进行筛选是可行的。     

农杆菌介导的高效玉米遗传转化体系的建立

为了建立玉米高频再生及高效遗传转化体系, 对影响玉米胚性愈伤组织诱导的11个因素及影响胚性愈伤分化的9个因素用正交实验方法进行研究。结果显示, 基因型对胚性愈伤诱导有极显著影响。6-BA、培养基、AgNO3、2,4-D、ABA对胚性愈伤诱导的影响达到显著水平。多重比较分析显示ABA 2 mg/L每间隔1代添加对胚性愈伤诱导率有显著影响。在影响分化的因素中, 基因型和6-BA浓度表现出极强的主效应, NAA、培养基、KT、2,4-D对分化产生显著影响。Southern blotting 分析表明, 25 mg/L潮霉素选择压下抗性愈伤率作为转化体系优化指标是可靠的。在影响转化效率的因素中, acetosyringone (AS)使用浓度因基因型不同而表现出敏感度差异, 共培养温度24~25℃、农杆菌浓度和浸泡时间0.7 OD×15 min, 以及pH值5.5~6.2是最高转化率的优选组合。在整合后的玉米遗传转化体系中, 黄早4和综31自交系以抗性愈伤率为指标的GUS基因稳定转化率分别达到48.6%和46.2%。     

水稻悬浮细胞再生及根癌农杆菌介导转化的影响因素

已经成功报道的农杆菌介导的水稻遗传转化多以活力较高的胚性愈伤为材料,很少以水稻悬浮细胞作为受体．另外,利用农杆菌转化多数都是通过浸泡的方式进行侵染．本实验利用滴加浸染法进行农杆菌介导转化水稻悬浮细胞,探讨影响 DNA 转化效率的因素．研究显示,在转化前,将水稻悬浮细胞在愈伤诱导培养基上培养1～2周,诱导产生直径为2～3 mm的微小愈伤组织对转化非常重要.微小愈伤组织大小不应小于 2 mm;对悬浮细胞短时间培养不但会缩短植株再生时间,而且会提高转化效率．此外,侵染农杆菌的浓度、侵染时间和不同侵染方法也影响 T-DNA 插入基因组的效率．用 1 ml Ａ600值为 0.5 浓度的农杆菌悬液滴加在水稻悬浮细胞诱导的愈伤,培养3 d或直到可见农杆菌菌落,此方法可以得到较高转化效率．将再生的潮霉素抗性的转化植株在含有 50 mg/L 潮霉素的分化和生根培养基中筛选得到,并对转化植株 gus 基因的表达进行 PCR 检测.结果显示,用 Ａ600值为 0.5 浓度的农杆菌浸泡侵染 20 min和滴加浸染法,分别得到PCR阳性植株率为 70% 和92%.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.