杨梅苷脂质体的制备研究

目的：制备杨梅苷脂质体。方法：采用逆相蒸发法制备杨梅苷脂质体。用冷冻离心法分离脂质体和游离药物,用高效液相色谱法测定药物含量并计算包封率。采用激光粒度仪测定平均粒径。结果：杨梅苷脂质体制备的最佳处方和工艺为：卵磷脂：杨梅6：1,卵磷脂：胆固醇2：1,有机相：水相4：1,磷酸盐缓冲溶液的pH值为6.86,浓度为0.005 mol.L-1;超声时间为5分钟。结论：最佳条件下制备的杨梅苷脂质体包封率较高,粒径分布好,质量稳定。     

多巴胺脂质体经鼻给药治疗帕金森氏病的研究

目的:研制多巴胺脂质体,用于治疗帕金森氏病。方法:用大豆卵磷脂和油酸制备多巴胺脂质体;采用昆明种小白鼠,腹腔注射1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶(MPTP)建立帕金森氏病动物模型,用于评价多巴胺脂质体经鼻给药的治疗帕金森氏病的疗效。结果:多巴胺脂质体的平均粒径为20-120nm,Zeta电位为-25.6m V,对多巴胺的包封率为(98.2±1.6)%(n=3);经鼻给药,多巴胺脂质体具有显著的抗帕金森氏病作用(p0.05)。结论:采用大豆卵磷脂、油酸可以制备出多巴胺脂质体,经鼻给药用于治疗帕金森氏病有效。     

正交试验法优选PP1脂质体的制备工艺

目的:制备PP1脂质体,筛选最优处方。方法:用薄膜水化法制备PP1脂质体,以高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定PP1脂质体的包封率,以包封率为主要指标,选取药脂比、胆固醇磷脂比、温度和水化时间为因素,用正交试验筛选最优配方。结果:用薄膜水法制备的PP1脂质体的最优处方的组成为:药脂比为1:10,胆固醇与二棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱(DPPC)比为1:8,温度为40℃,水化时间为3 min。平均包封率为(63.27±3.32)%。PP1脂质体的平均粒径为(157.73±9.74)nm,Zeta电位为(-4.74±0.44)m V。结论:用薄膜水化法制备出的PP1脂质体包封率高,形态和粒径均匀,重现性好,为研究其在眼部的缓释作用奠定了基础。     

逆相蒸发法制备茶多酚脂质体及质量评价

采用逆相蒸发法制备茶多酚脂质体并进行质量评价。通过二次回归旋转组合设计优化茶多酚脂质体制备工艺及配方,对其形态、结构、粒径分布等性质进行考察。研究结果表明,最佳配方为m（大豆卵磷脂）：m（胆固醇）=3：1、茶多酚质量浓度为7mg／mL、V（有机相）：V（水相）=4：1、磷酸盐缓冲液浓度15mmoL／L,此条件下包封率为50．37％;所制备的茶多酚脂质体形态呈圆球形或椭球形,为大单室脂质体,有效粒径为165．3nm,Zeta电位为-69．3mV。逆相蒸发法制备茶多酚脂质体方法简单可行,所制备的脂质体具有一定缓释性。     

椒目及椒目仁油中α-亚麻酸的含量测定研究

目的:建立同时测定椒目及椒目仁油中α-亚麻酸含量的HPLC方法。方法:用固定相为KromasilC18柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-1%醋酸溶液(90:10),检测波长为205nm,流速为1.0 mL·min-1,柱温:25℃,进样量:10μL,测定椒目及椒目仁油中α-亚麻酸的含量;结果:α-亚麻酸在(22~500)μg·mL-1浓度范围内线性关系良好,5批椒目和椒目仁油中α-亚麻酸的平均含量分别为4.56%,32.72%,平均回收率分别为99.87%,98.97%。结论:所建方法操作简便,准确可靠,重现性良好,可有效的控制椒目及椒目仁油的质量。     

椒目仁油的质量标准研究

目的：建立椒目仁油的质量标准。方法：采用GC法测定椒目仁油中亚油酸、α-亚麻酸的含量;根据《中国药典》2010年版一部附录方法[1]测定椒目仁油的酸值、皂化值、碘值、杂质和水分。结果：GC法测得亚油酸、α-亚麻酸的峰面积比值分别在1.14～8.49 mg/mL,1.62～12.04 mg/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好,RSD值分别为0.58%,1.09%;椒目仁油酸值最高为5.98;皂化值180～195;碘值140～180;加热试验5批椒目仁油的颜色均无明显变化,也无任何析出物析出;5批测试样品杂质含量最高为0.20%,最低为0.10%;5批测试样品中水分含量最高为0.17%,最低为0.03%。结论：所建方法操作简便,重现性良好,可用于椒目仁油的质量控制。     

透明质酸修饰的绿原酸脂质体对U14宫颈癌荷瘤小鼠的抑制作用

目的:对透明质酸(HA)靶向绿原酸(CA)脂质体(HA-CA脂质体)进行处方筛选,以及对U14宫颈癌小鼠的抑制作用实验。方法:筛选制备HA-CA脂质体的方法,并以磷脂比、药脂比、PBS的p H为单因素考察指标通过正交实验筛选最优处方;采用透析袋法考察HA-CA的体外释放;Bal b/c小鼠右腋皮下接种U14宫颈癌瘤株,连续尾静脉注射给药14 d后,摘取瘤体称重,并计算肿瘤生长抑制。结果:采用薄膜分散法制备脂质体,最优处方为磷脂比为4:1,药脂比为1:30,PBS的p H为7.4。HA-CA脂质体与CA脂质体释放曲线基本一致,都具有一定的缓释效果。48 h时,HA-CA脂质体和CA脂质体的累计释放度分别为78.39%、83.01%。HA-CA脂质体对U14宫颈癌小鼠的抑瘤率为60.39%,与阳性对照组环磷酰胺相当,高于CA和CA脂质体。结论:HA-CA脂质体由于其具有主动靶向配体HA的修饰,使其抑制U14宫颈癌裸鼠的效果明显高于CA和CA脂质体。     

薰衣草精油缓释固体分散体的制备及其体外释药性能研究

目的：优化薰衣草精油（LEO）缓释固体分散体的制备工艺,并探讨体外释药模型。方法：以芳樟醇及乙酸芳樟酯为指标,建立气相-色谱质谱联用（GC-MS）技术测定溶出度的方法;选用硬脂酸、聚乙二醇6000(PEG 6000)和单硬脂酸甘油酯为辅料,优化辅料配比,采用熔融法制备LEO缓释固体分散体,考察其体外释药性能。结果：LEO缓释固体分散体的最佳处方配比为硬脂酸∶PEG 6000∶单硬脂酸甘油酯：LEO=3∶5∶1∶1,该条件下所制备的固体分散体在体外能够持续释药12 h,体外释药符合一级动力学模型。结论：所优选的处方配比工艺稳定可靠,所得缓释固体分散体能显著改善药物溶出,缓释效果令人满意。     

人降钙素基因相关肽脂质体质量标准的研究

建立完整的人降钙素基因相关肽脂质体（LipohCGRP)药物的质量标准,用家兔球膜血管扩张法测定hCGRP的生物学活性;采用RP－HPLC,等电聚焦,薄层层析等方法分别测定样品的纯度,等电点和迁移率及脂质体嵌入率的测定,并按照中国生物制品规程的要求完成了甲醇和氯仿等残留物质的分析和动物安全试验,建立了活性测定方法,能准确测定样品中不到1ng和样品活性单位,连续三批样品的各项指标均符合质量标准的要求,建立了脂质体多肽药物的质量标准。并用于质量检定。     

紫杉醇脂质体制备方法优化比较

为了优化紫杉醇脂质体制备工艺,探究逆向蒸发法、高剪切法、薄膜分散法、注入法及复乳法等脂质体制备方法,对逆向蒸发法制备工艺及制剂处方进行单因素考察,由试验结果得出最优处方为药脂比为1∶25,磷脂含量为2.5%,胆固醇与磷脂比为1∶9,并对包封率以及粒径等指标进行初步评价,最终按照优化后的工艺制得的紫杉醇脂质体的包封率较高,粒径大小符合要求,质量稳定。     

钙库调控的钙通道Orai1体外研究方法的建立

目的:建立钙通道Orai1的体外研究方法。方法:利用脂质体重组技术,将体外纯化的Orai1蛋白重组到脂质体膜上,利用蔗糖密度梯度离心来检测其重组效率及Orai1蛋白在脂质体膜上的结构,并利用钙染料Fura-2检测脂质体内钙离子的释放。结果:成功制备了脂质体及体外纯化了GST-Orai1融合蛋白,蔗糖密度梯度离心结果证明GST-Orai1蛋白成功重组到脂质体上,以及Orai1蛋白以多聚体的形式定位在脂质体膜上。钙离子释放实验证明脂质体内钙离子包装完好,可用于后续Orai1钙通道的功能研究。结论:利用脂质体重组技术建立了一种新的Orai1的研究方法,能够更直接有效地研究其功能及其活化机制。     

人降钙素基因相关肽脂质体质量标准的研究

建立完整的人降钙素基因相关肽脂质体(LipohCGRP)药物的质量标准。用家兔球睫膜血管扩张法测定hCGRP的生物学活性;采用RPHPLC、等电聚焦、薄层层析等方法分别测定样品的纯度、等电点和迁移率及脂质体嵌入率的测定,并按照中国生物制品规程的要求完成了甲醇和氯仿等残留物质的分析和动物安全试验。建立了活性测定方法,能准确测定样品中不到1ng的样品活性单位,连续三批样品的各项指标均符合质量标准的要求。建立了脂质体多肽药物的质量标准,并用于质量检定。     

Interaction of the toxic plant protein--ricin, with model membranes. A fluorescence method of study]

The fluorescence method has been used to investigate ricin and its isolated subunits interaction with some model membranes. Three liposome types were used as a model of biological membrane: 1) liposomes constructed from lecithin and cholesterol (9:1, M:M) 2) from ganglioside receptors GM1 and 3) from the mixture of GM1, lecithin and cholesterol (1:9:1). Interaction of the protein with liposome evokes changes in the parameters of both intrinsic protein fluorescence and fluorescence of the covalently bound dansyl. Binding constants were calculated from a decrease of the intrinsic fluorescence intensity as well as from the changes in the dansyl rotation anisotropy. Measurements were carried out at neutral and acidic pH. There was good correlation of the results obtained by different methods. It was shown that association constants were different for intact ricin and its subunits. The constants also depend on liposome composition and pH of the solution. The present study has demonstrated that interaction of ricin with liposome is accounted for not only by receptor centers but also by other hydrophobic regions of ricin that are inaccessible in the native toxin and may represent the region of the subunits interaction.     

Sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of a benzonaphthazepine antipsychotic agent, SCH 39166, and its active metabolite, SCH 40853, in human plasma and its cross-validation with a gas chromatographic method

A sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for the determination of a benzonaphthazepine antipsychotic agent, SCH 39166, and its active metabolite, SCH 40853. The HPLC method required a single-step organic extraction at alkali pH followed by HPLC analysis utilizing a CN column with UV detection at 205 nm. The limit of quantitation was 1 ng/ml for SCH 39166 and 0.5 ng/ml for SCH 40853. The HPLC method was cross-validated with a previously reported GC method by the analysis of 73 plasma samples spiked with various concentrations of SCH 39166 and SCH 40853. The correlation coefficient was 0.9969 for SCH 39166 and 0.9984 for SCH 40853. Both GC and HPLC methods were used for the determination of plasma concentrations and yielded similar pharmacokinetic parameters for SCH 39166 and SCH 40853 in man following oral administration of SCH 39166 (100 mg).     

The Chemical Constituents of the Essential Oil from the Flowers,Leaves and Peels of Citrus aurantium

Citrus aurantium L. var. amara Engl., is a better species of sour oranges. There are essential oils in the flowers, the peels, the leaves and the branches of C. aurantium. The flower oil can be used in the preparation of perfumes of high quality. The peel oil is used mainly for the flavor-endowing of soft drinks, alcoholic drinks, bread, confectionaries and cakes. In order to control the quality of the essential oils and to improve them, we have systema- tically studied the chemical constituents of the flowers, the leaves and the peals of C. aurantium with our preparation. 12 main components were separated by silica gel column chromatography. The following 33 chemical components were identified by IR, GC-MS and GC retention index: α-thujene, α-pinene, camphene, β-pinene, myrcene, limonene, β-ocimene, trans-linalooloxide (furanoid), cis-linalooloxide (furanoid), linalool, 1,4-p-methadien-7-ol, trans-pinocarveol, camphor, terpinen-4-ol α-terpineol, nerol, citral-b, geraniol, linalylacetate, citrala, trans-linalooloxide (pyranoid), methyl anthranilate, terpinyl acetate, cis-linalooloxide (pyranoid), neryl acetate. geranyl acetate, nonanal, β-caryophyllene, α-humulene, γ-muurolene, β-nerolidol, farnesol, α- nerolidol. GC retention index of 33 compounds were measured. A fast method for routine determination is presented.     

Nanosized self-emulsifying lipid vesicles of diacylglycerol-PEG lipid conjugates: Biophysical characterization and inclusion of lipophilic dietary supplements

Hydrated diacylglycerol-PEG lipid conjugates, glyceryl dioleate-PEG12 (GDO-PEG12) and glyceryl dipalmitate-PEG23 (GDP-PEG23), spontaneously form uni- or oligolamellar liposomes in their liquid crystalline phase, in distinct difference from the PEGylated phospholipids which form micelles. GDP-PEG23 exhibits peculiar hysteretic phase behavior and can arrange into a long-living hexagonal phase at ambient and physiological temperatures. Liposomes of GDO-PEG12 and its mixture with soy lecithin exchange lipids with the membranes much more actively than common lecithin liposomes; such an active lipid exchange might facilitate the discharging of the liposome cargo upon uptake and internalization, and can thus be important in drug delivery applications. Diacylglycerol-PEG lipid liposome formulations can encapsulate up to 20-30 wt.% lipophilic dietary supplements such as fish oil, coenzyme Q10, and vitamins D and E. The encapsulation is feasible by way of dry mixing, avoiding the use of organic solvent.     

Chiral high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography of the stereoisomers of hexyl 2,5-dichlorophenyl phosphoramidate

O-Hexyl O-2,5-dichlorophenyl phosphoramidate (HDCP) is a chiral organophosphorus compound that undergoes enzymatic hydrolysis in the rat and hen. Studies of the stereospecificity of its biodegradation are necessary to establish HDCP toxicity. To this effect, methods have been developed for the analysis of the HDCP stereoisomers by gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The best resolution and analysis were obtained by HPLC with UV detection, a OA-4100 Techocel chiral column and the mobile phase: hexane—1,2-dichloroethane—ethanol (92:5:3, v/v/v). The detection limit was 25 μM for HDCP and 5 μM for one of its hydrolytic products: 2,5-dichlorophenol (DCP). The method was reproducible intra o inter die. Moreover, a method is described for the liquid extraction of HDCP and DCP with 1,2-dichloroethane in biological samples, with a yield of (80.3 ± 9.7)% (n = 10, S.D.) for HDCP and (84.1 ± 10.0)% (n = 10, S.D.) for DCP. The method is compared with the solid-phase extraction technique with C₁₈ sorbent. The hydrolysis of HDCP by hen plasma is studied.     

杜仲籽油与紫苏籽油脂肪酸组成的比较研究

利用气相色谱法,对杜仲籽油和紫苏籽油的脂肪酸组成、α-亚麻酸含量等进行了比较研究。结果发现,两者不仅脂肪酸GC指纹图谱较为相似(脂肪酸组成、含量基本相同),而且外观、气味、折光率等质量指标也非常相近。说明了杜仲籽油具有与紫苏籽油同样的开发价值。     

蛋氨酸脑啡肽质量标准研究

建立了蛋氨酸脑啡肽的质量标准。采用液相色谱-质谱联用仪检测蛋氨酸脑啡肽分子量和鉴别蛋氨酸脑啡肽的各氨基酸组成,反相高效液相色谱测定蛋氨酸脑啡肽含量。蛋氨酸脑啡肽分子量为573.7,氨基酸组成为Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met。蛋氨酸脑啡肽质量浓度在7~280 mg/L(r=0.999 8)内线性关系良好,平均回收率为98.54%,RSD为0.89%。所建立的方法科学,可靠,重复性好。可准确地对蛋氨酸脑啡肽进行定性定量检测。     

菌草灵芝孢子油与段木灵芝孢子油中脂肪酸组成的比较研究

利用气相色谱法,对菌草灵芝孢子油与段木灵芝孢子油中脂肪酸组成、不饱和脂肪酸含量等进行了比较研究。结果发现两者脂肪酸GC指纹图谱极为相似(脂肪酸组成基本相同),说明了菌草灵芝孢子油与段木灵芝孢子油一样有同样的开发价值,但是脂肪酸含量不同,菌草灵芝孢子油中亚油酸和油酸占55.61%,不饱和脂肪酸占61.15%;段木灵芝孢子油中亚油酸和油酸占49.87%,不饱和脂肪酸占54.88%。而且两者的外观、气味略不同。