白介素-18在被动吸烟诱导的慢性阻塞性肺疾病大鼠中的表达

目的 研究白介紊-18(Interleukin-18,IL-18)在被动吸烟诱导的慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)大鼠中的表达变化.方法 将20只大鼠随机分为2组,即正常对照组和COPD模型组.应用单纯被动吸烟法建立大鼠COPD模型,香烟烟雾暴露时间为6个月.利用酶联免疫吸附法测定2组大鼠血清和支气管肺泡灌洗液(bronchoal veolar lavage fluid,BALF)中的IL-18浓度,用实时定量RT-PCR法测定BALF中IL-18 mRNA的表达水平,用HE染色法观察肺组织形态学改变,用免疫组织化学染色法检测IL-18在肺组织中的表达.结果 1.COPD模型组血清和BALF中的IL-18浓度较正常对照组显著增加(P＜0.01);2.COPD模型组BALF中IL-18 mRNA的表达水平较正常对照组显著增高(P＜0.01);3.COPD模型组肺组织中IL-18的表达较正常对照组显著增加(P＜0.01).结论 被动吸烟诱导的COPD大鼠外周血和肺部均高表达IL-18,提示IL-18在吸烟所致的COPD发病机制中可能起重要作用.     

白介素-4和白介素-6在慢性阻塞性肺病肺组织中的表达

为了探讨白介素 - 4(Interleukin- 4,IL- 4)和白介素 - 6 (Interleukin- 6 ,IL- 6 )在慢性阻塞性肺病 (COPD)患者肺组织中的表达变化及其在 COPD发病机制中的作用 ,45例因肺癌而行肺叶切除术患者的肺组织 ,根据有无 COPD及吸烟史分为 COPD组、吸烟对照组及非吸烟对照组 (每组各 15例 )。用免疫组织化学法测定肺组织炎性细胞中 IL- 4和 IL- 6的表达。结果表明 :1.IL - 4和 IL - 6在 COPD组、吸烟对照组及非吸烟对照组患者肺泡局部浸润的炎性细胞中有表达 ,其中 COPD组IL- 4和 IL- 6的表达强度明显高于吸烟对照组及非吸烟对照组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,但吸烟对照组及非吸烟对照组 IL- 4和 IL- 6表达强度无显著差别 (P>0 .0 5 )。 2 .三组中 IL - 4在肺组织中的表达强度与 1秒钟用力呼气容积占预计值百分比 (FEV1 % pred)值之间均无直线相关关系 (r=- 0 .0 93,0 .0 0 2 45和 - 0 .2 5 2 ,P>0 .0 5 ) ;仅在 COPD组肺组织中的 IL- 6表达强度与 FEV1 % pre值呈直线负相关关系 (r=- 0 .6 3119,P<0 .0 5 ) ,其余各组未发现这种负相关关系。 3.COPD组 IL- 4与 IL- 6的表达呈直线正相关关系 (r=0 .5 99,P<0 .0 1)。结果提示 :1.IL - 4在 COPD患者细支气管及肺泡炎性细胞中表达增强 ,说明 Th2 型细胞因子可能也在 COPD发病     

吸烟和慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者肺血管重建及蛋白激酶C-α表达的研究

目的探讨吸烟和慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)患者肺血管重建及蛋白激酶C-α(PKC-α)mRNA和蛋白质的表达情况.方法非吸烟非COPD(Controls组)、吸烟非COPD(Smokers组)和吸烟COPD(COPD组)男性肺癌患者各11人,年龄相匹配,取其行肺叶切除术后的外周肺组织.采用免疫组织化学方法检测肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)及肺小动脉α-SM-actin染色以显示肺血管重建,逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)对肺小动脉PKC-αmRNA表达进行半定量,免疫荧光及Western blot法检测肺小动脉PKC-α蛋白质表达.结果吸烟非COPD和吸烟COPD患者肺血管重构明显,两组患者肺动脉平滑肌细胞的增殖指数和α-SM-actin表达量均明显高于非吸烟非COPD(P<0.001).吸烟COPD患者肺血管重构更明显,肺动脉平滑肌细胞的增殖指数和α-SM-actin表达量均高于吸烟非COPD(P<0.001,P<0.05).吸烟非COPD患者肺小动脉PKC-α在转录和翻译两个水平的表达均明显高于非吸烟非COPD患者(P<0.001);吸烟COPD患者动脉血氧分压PaO2明显低于吸烟非COPD患者(P<0.05),肺小动脉PKC-αmRNA及蛋白质表达水平均明显高于吸烟非COPD患者(P<0.01).结论长期吸烟导致肺血管重建,既有香烟的直接作用,又有长期吸烟诱导COPD的低氧因素,其机制可能是通过细胞内PKC生物信号传导通道.     

IL-4抑制COPD大鼠肺组织COX-2和PDGF的表达

目的探讨白细胞介素-4(IL-4)对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)大鼠模型建立的影响,以及COPD肺组织中环氧合酶-2(COX-2)和血小板源性生长因子(PDGF)的表达及IL-4对其表达的影响机制。方法用雄性Wistar大鼠建立吸烟大鼠COPD模型。随机分为对照组,模型组,IL-4组和地塞米松组。用免疫组化法和逆转录聚合酶联反应法(RT-PCR),检测肺组织中COX-2和PDGF-A及PDGF-B的表达情况。结果模型组COX-2和PDGF-A、-B表达明显增高;IL-4组和地塞米松组显著降低。结论IL-4和地塞米松可干预COPD模型的建立;COPD肺组织中COX-2和PDGF的表达显著增高,IL-4和地塞米松可明显降低其表达。     

脂蛋白受体激动剂调节COPD小鼠炎症反应机制研究

目的:探究脂蛋白受体激动剂BML-111调节COPD小鼠炎症反应的机制。方法:构建COPD小鼠模型,通过HE染色检测小鼠肺组织和血管周围炎性细胞侵润程度;通过ELISA检测小鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中TGF-β、TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-10的含量;通过Western blot检测小鼠肺组织中NLRP3、Cleaved-IL-1β、Cleaved-caspase-1和Nrf-2的表达。结果:番红染色结果显示,与对照组相比,COPD模型组显示出严重的炎症反应,炎症细胞侵润程度增加,肺泡囊和间隙增大,支气管壁增厚。与模型组相比,低BML、高BML和Dex组的肺组织和血管周围的炎性细胞浸润程度明显降低(P0.05)。ELISA检测结果显示,COPD模型组中TGF-β、TNF-α、IL-10和IL-1β的表达均明显高于对照组(P0.05);在高BML组中,TGF-β、TNF-α、IL-10和IL-1β的表达明显低于COPD模型组中的表达(P0.05)。与COPD模型组相比,Dex组的TNF-α、IL-10和IL-1β的表达显著下调(P0.05),TGF-β的表达无显著差异(P0.05)。Western blot检测结果显示,与对照组相比,COPD模型组中NLRP3、cleaved-IL-1β和cleaved-caspase-1的表达显著上调(P0.05);与COPD模型组相比,低剂量BML组、高剂量BML组和Dex组中NLRP3、cleaved-IL-1β和cleaved-caspase-1的表达显著下调(P0.05)。活性检测结果显示,与对照组相比,COPD模型组的SOD活性显著降低(P0.05),MDA活性显著增强(P0.05)。BML-111处理后,与模型组相比,10 mg/kg的BML-111和2 mg/kg的Dex显著提高SOD活性,并显著降低MDA活性(P0.05)。与对照组相比,COPD模型组的Nrf-2的表达显著下调;而低剂量BML组,高剂量BML组和Dex组中Nrf-2的表达明显高于COPD模型组(P0.05)。结论:BML-111对COPD小鼠的抗炎作用可能是通过调节NLRP3炎症小体激活和ROS的产生来介导。     

结缔组织生长因子在慢性阻塞性肺疾病血管重建中表达研究

目的:探讨结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)在慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)血管重建中的表达及意义。方法:将30例有吸烟史的男性鳞癌需要手术的患者按其肺功能结果分成二组,对照组:(肺功能正常组);COPD稳定期组:(肺功能异常组),每组15例,标本来自于癌旁的肺组织,肺血管重塑的形态学观察行HE和MASSON三色染色,行免疫组化来观察CTGF蛋白、PCNA蛋白在肺血管平滑肌中的表达。结果:(1)COPD组肺动脉管壁面积/管总面积(WA%)、管壁的胶原厚度、肺动脉平滑肌中CTGF蛋白及PCNA蛋白的表达与对照组相比差异有统计学意义。(2)CTGF与管壁面积/管总面积(WA%)、管壁的胶原厚度及血管平滑肌中PCNA表达呈正相关(,r值分别为0.81、0.68、0.86,P<0.05)。吸烟指数与管壁面积/管总面积及PCNA的表达呈正相关(r=0.73,0.99,P<0.01)。结论:单纯吸烟者即有血管重建,吸烟伴COPD者血管重建更加严重,CTGF在COPD患者肺血管中的表达较对照组高,可能参与了COPD血管重建过程。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病大鼠模型中痩素及白介素-8 的表达分析

目的:观察COPD大鼠模型中瘦素(leptin)、白细胞介素8(IL-8)的表达情况,分析其相关性,探讨leptin在COPD发生发展中的作用及意义.方法:36只雄性SD大鼠随机分为①健康对照组;②COPD模型1组:分别于第(1、14)d经气管内注入内毒素200ug,熏5％香烟(第1、14d除外),2h/d,共4周;③COPD模型2组:单纯熏5％香烟2h/d,共12周.观察肺组织病理变化,免疫组化法测定leptin、IL-8在支气管肺组织的表达情况,放免法测定血清leptin及IL-8浓度.结果:细胞因子leptin及炎性因子IL-8在支气管肺组织阳性表达.LPS联合熏烟诱导COPD1组支气管肺组织中leptin(52.67±04.72)和IL-8(59.56± 3.94)表达较单纯熏烟诱导COPD2组leptin(38.89± 2.57)和IL-8(55.22± 3.42)表达明显升高,P＜0.05,两组COPD大鼠模型支气管肺组织中leptin及IL-8表达较正常对照组leptin( 1690± 1.52)和IL-8 (28.00± 4.24)表达均明显增高,P＜0.05,COPD1组血清中leptin(3.26± 0.95)ng/mL和IL-8( 107.51±13.38 )pg/mL-较COPD2组中leptin(2.42± 0.69 )ng/mL和IL-8((94.07± 11.20)pg/mL明显增高,P＜0.05,两组COPD大鼠模型血清中leptin及IL-8浓度较正常对照组leptin(0.95±0.56)ng/mL和IL-8( 39.48± 6.35 )pg/mL浓度显著升高,P＜0.05.血清中Leptin与IL-8表达水平呈显著正相关(r值分别为0.72 0.67 0.84均P＜0.05).经过q检验,两两之间比较均有统计学意义.结论:leptin和IL-8均参与COPD炎症反应过程,并且具有相关性,LPS促进二者的表达.     

加味参苓白术散对COPD大鼠血清IL-8和TNF-α的影响

目的:观察加味参苓白术散对COPD肺脾气虚证大鼠血清IL-8和TNF-α的影响。方法:将大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组及加味参苓白术散低、中、高剂量组。除空白组外,其余四组采用气管滴注脂多糖加烟熏28天的方法复制COPD模型,大黄水煎液灌胃8天的方法复制肺脾气虚证的模型,药物干预组给予加味参苓白术散治疗。HE染色观察肺组织病理情况,酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清中IL-8、TNF-α的表达情况。结果:药物干预组大鼠炎性细胞浸润以及肺大泡融合等症状相较于模型组明显缓解,血清IL-8、TNF-α的表达降低。结论:加味参苓白术散能够改善COPD肺脾气虚证大鼠肺组织病理损伤,降低血清炎症因子IL-8、TNF-α的表达,改善炎症。     

吸烟对肺组织D4-GDI表达的影响及其与慢性阻塞性肺疾病相关性的蛋白质组学研究

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)是环境因素与遗传因素共同作用的结果,而吸烟是导致COPD发生的最主要危险因素,然而,吸烟导致COPD的机制及COPD的遗传易感机制目前尚未完全阐明．蛋白质组学研究方法具有高效和信息含量丰富的特点,为COPD研究提供了有力的帮助,被认为在COPD的研究领域具有广阔的前景．运用二维凝胶电泳和基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱蛋白质组学研究方法结合生物信息学技术,对不吸烟者、非COPD吸烟者和吸烟COPD患者的肺组织进行蛋白质组比较,共鉴定出24种表达差异蛋白．研究发现,非COPD吸烟者肺组织ρ-GDP解离抑制因子2(D4-GDI)表达水平为不吸烟者的1.7倍,吸烟COPD患者肺组织D4-GDI表达水平接近非COPD吸烟者的2倍．通过免疫组织化学染色和Western-blotting检测对肺组织D4-GDI表达水平进行验证,获得了与蛋白质组学研究相一致的结果．结果首次说明：吸烟能够导致肺组织D4-GDI表达水平升高,D4-GDI参与了COPD的发病机制而且可能与COPD易感性相关．     

噻托溴铵治疗老年稳定期COPD 临床观察

目的:探讨噻托溴铵吸入剂对老年吸烟稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的临床疗效。方法:入选稳定期COPD老年患者92例,随机分为2组各46例,观察组予噻托溴铵吸入剂18微克每日一次,对照组予缓释茶碱0.1克每12小时口服,两组均按需使用沙丁胺醇气雾剂,随访2月,比较两组治疗前后的肺功能与生活质量改善情况。结果:观察组治疗后St George评分明显下降(P<0.01),显著低于对照组(P<0.01),FEV1/FVC、FEV1/Pred、FEV1均较治疗前明显升高(P<0.01),而对照组治疗前后无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:吸入噻托溴铵能显著改善老年吸烟COPD稳定期患者的肺功能与生活质量。     

MiR-3202 protects smokers from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease through inhibiting FAIM2: An in vivo and in vitro study

Previous study found the variable miR-3202 as a potential biomarker in smoker with or without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study aims to identify the molecular involvement of miR-3202 in the pathophysiology of COPD. Level of miR-3202 in blood sample of non-smoker non-COPD(C), smoker without COPD(S), smoker with stable COPD(S-COPD) and smoker with acute exacerbation COPD(AE-COPD) was observed by quantitative real-time PCR. By bioinformatics prediction, Fas apoptotic inhibitory molecule 2 (FAIM2) was identified as a potential target of miR-3202. In vitro, human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells and cigarette smoke extract (CSE) stimulated T lymphocytes were co-cultured. Cell proliferation and apoptosis of HBE cells were determinated. In vivo, rats were exposed in cigarette smoke for 30 days and expression of miR-3202 and FAIM2 in bronchia were detected. Results showed that The miR-3202 was down-regulated in S, S-COPD and AE-COPD group when compared with C group. Decreased level of miR-3202 was also observed in CSE treated T lymphocyte. Additionally, CSE stimulation increased INF-γ and TNF-α levels and FAIM2 expression whereas inhibited Fas and FasL expressions in T lymphocytes. However, these effects were significantly suppressed by miR-3202 overexpression and enhanced by miR-3202 inhibitor. Likely to exogenous miR-3202, FAIM2 knockdown significantly inhibited HBE cells apoptosis, as well as inhibited INF-γ and TNF-α levels. In COPD rats model, miR-3202 was reduced while FAIM2 was up-regulated accordingly. Here, results suggest that high level miR-3202 in T lymphocytes may protect epithelial cells through targeting FAIM2. MiR-3202 might be used as a notable biomarker of COPD.     

“Sentinel” Circulating Tumor Cells Allow Early Diagnosis of Lung Cancer in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a risk factor for lung cancer. Migration of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) into the blood stream is an early event that occurs during carcinogenesis. We aimed to examine the presence of CTCs in complement to CT-scan in COPD patients without clinically detectable lung cancer as a first step to identify a new marker for early lung cancer diagnosis. The presence of CTCs was examined by an ISET filtration-enrichment technique, for 245 subjects without cancer, including 168 (68.6%) COPD patients, and 77 subjects without COPD (31.4%), including 42 control smokers and 35 non-smoking healthy individuals. CTCs were identified by cytomorphological analysis and characterized by studying their expression of epithelial and mesenchymal markers. COPD patients were monitored annually by low-dose spiral CT. CTCs were detected in 3% of COPD patients (5 out of 168 patients). The annual surveillance of the CTC-positive COPD patients by CT-scan screening detected lung nodules 1 to 4 years after CTC detection, leading to prompt surgical resection and histopathological diagnosis of early-stage lung cancer. Follow-up of the 5 patients by CT-scan and ISET 12 month after surgery showed no tumor recurrence. CTCs detected in COPD patients had a heterogeneous expression of epithelial and mesenchymal markers, which was similar to the corresponding lung tumor phenotype. No CTCs were detected in control smoking and non-smoking healthy individuals. CTCs can be detected in patients with COPD without clinically detectable lung cancer. Monitoring “sentinel” CTC-positive COPD patients may allow early diagnosis of lung cancer.     

Defective Lung Macrophage Function in Lung Cancer±Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD/Emphysema)-Mediated by Cancer Cell Production of PGE2?

In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD/emphysema) we have shown a reduced ability of lung and alveolar (AM) macrophages to phagocytose apoptotic cells (defective ‘efferocytosis’), associated with evidence of secondary cellular necrosis and a resultant inflammatory response in the airway. It is unknown whether this defect is present in cancer (no COPD) and if so, whether this results from soluble mediators produced by cancer cells.We investigated efferocytosis in AM (26 controls, 15 healthy smokers, 37 COPD, 20 COPD+ non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 8 patients with NSCLC without COPD) and tumor and tumor-free lung tissue macrophages (21 NSCLC with/13 without COPD). To investigate the effects of soluble mediators produced by lung cancer cells we then treated AM or U937 macrophages with cancer cell line supernatant and assessed their efferocytosis ability. We qualitatively identified Arachidonic Acid (AA) metabolites in cancer cells by LC-ESI-MSMS, and assessed the effects of COX inhibition (using indomethacin) on efferocytosis.Decreased efferocytosis was noted in all cancer/COPD groups in all compartments. Conditioned media from cancer cell cultures decreased the efferocytosis ability of both AM and U937 macrophages with the most pronounced effects occurring with supernatant from SCLC (an aggressive lung cancer type). AA metabolites identified in cancer cells included PGE2. The inhibitory effect of PGE2 on efferocytosis, and the involvement of the COX-2 pathway were shown.Efferocytosis is decreased in COPD/emphysema and lung cancer; the latter at least partially a result of inhibition by soluble mediators produced by cancer cells that include PGE2.     

肺部微生物组通过炎症反应介导慢性阻塞性肺疾病转化为肺癌的研究进展

肺部微生物组存在于呼吸道和实质组织中,通过菌群紊乱、代谢产物、炎症反应、免疫反应、基因毒性等方面介导肺部损伤。随着肺部微生物组的深入研究,发现肺部微生物组的相关活动与慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD)和肺癌息息相关,能够促使COPD向肺癌的转变。本文主要介绍了肺部微生物组稳态及其通过炎症反应导致COPD和肺癌,重点探讨了肺部微生物组如何通过炎症反应介导COPD转化为肺癌,以期为COPD和肺癌的临床预防、优化治疗以及新型药物设计提供新的理论依据。     

High-resolution mass spectrometry proteomics for the identification of candidate plasma protein biomarkers for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Although cigarette smoking is recognized as the most important cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the lung function decline are not well understood. Using off-line strong cation exchange fractionation with RP-LC-ESI-MS/MS and robust database searching, 1758 tryptic peptides were identified in plasma samples from cigarette smokers. Using two statistical approaches, 30 peptides were identified to be associated with the annualized rate of lung function decline over 5 years among smokers with COPD characterized as having rapid (n?=?18) or slow (n?=?18) decline and 18 smokers without COPD. The identified peptides belong to proteins that are involved in the complement or coagulation systems or have antiprotease or metabolic functions. This research demonstrates the utility of proteomic profiling to improve the understanding of molecular mechanisms involved in cigarette smoking-related COPD by identifying plasma proteins that correlate with decline in lung function.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病大鼠转录因子KLF2对Nrf2调控γ-GCS表达的影响

目的:研究肺Krüppel样转录因子(KLF2/LKLF)在慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)大鼠肺组织中的表达,探讨KLF2与红系衍生因子2(Nrf2)之间的关系以及对抗氧化酶γ-谷氨酰半胱氨酸合酶(γ-GCS)表达的影响。方法:复制大鼠COPD模型,应用免疫组化、Western blot、原位杂交和RT-PCR方法检测KLF2、Nrf2、γ-GCS蛋白及mRNA的表达,并行相关分析。同时利用免疫共沉淀技术(CO-IP)研究KLF2与Nrf2蛋白之间的相互关系。结果:免疫组化及Western blot结果显示COPD组KLF2、Nrf2、γ-GCS蛋白水平较对照组明显升高(P<0.05);原位杂交及RT-PCR显示KLF2、γ-GCS mRNA水平在COPD组显著高于对照组(P<0.01),而Nrf2 mRNA在两组表达无明显差异(P>0.05);CO-IP结果显示在Nrf2抗体捕获的免疫沉淀中,KLF2抗体可杂交出明显的蛋白条带(P<0.01);直线相关分析发现KLF2蛋白与Nrf2蛋白呈正相关(P<0.05),KLF2、Nrf2蛋白与γ-GCS蛋白及mRNA均呈正相关(均P<0.05)。结论:KLF2在COPD肺组织中表达上调,可能通过活化Nrf2,促进Nrf2核积聚上调γ-GCS的基因表达,在氧化失衡中发挥作用。     

川芎嗪注射液对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者肺动脉高压的作用及其机制

目的：观察川芎嗪注射液对慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者肺动脉高压的临床作用并探讨其可能机制。方法：将采集的确诊为COPD的22例患者随机分为2组（n=11）： 常规治疗组和川芎嗪治疗组,并随机抽取门诊体检正常者11例作为正常对照组。常规治疗组予以卧床休息、低流量吸氧、支气管舒张剂、糖皮质激素及抗生素等治疗,川芎嗪治疗组在常规治疗基础上加用川芎嗪注射液（60 mg/d静脉点滴）,正常对照组不予任何治疗措施,治疗2周后检测3组的肺功能、动脉血气分析及肺动脉压,用敏感硫电极法检测血浆硫化氢（H₂S）的浓度。结果：①经过2周治疗后,常规治疗组和川芎嗪治疗组肺功能、动脉血气分析、肺动脉压等各项指标均比治疗前有明显改善,但川芎嗪治疗组优于常规治疗组（P<0.05）;②川芎嗪组综合治疗后血浆H₂S浓度明显高于治疗前和常规治疗组 （P<0.01）。结论：川芎嗪注射液可能通过升高体内H₂S浓度,有效地改善COPD患者肺功能状态。