基于焦磷酸测序技术建立基因编辑水稻检测方法

基因编辑技术发展迅速,但对应的检测方法较少。为寻找创建基因编辑作物适用的检测方法,以 PL3 基因编辑水稻编辑位点为靶标,有效设计了焦磷酸测序的扩增引物及测序引物,并进行有效性检测,分别利用Sequence to Analyze等程序以及SNP和AQ两种模式完成了对PL3 基因的定性和定量检测试验,建立了 PL3 基因编辑水稻编辑位点焦磷酸测序检测方法。结果表明,基于焦磷酸测序技术可以通过检测编辑位点从而将基因编辑型水稻与野生型水稻进行区分。与常规的转基因检测方法相比,该检测方法具有较好的准确性、高效性及高灵敏度等优点,在基因编辑型水稻编辑位点定性和定量检测分析方面具有很好的应用前景。     

单管双向等位基因专一性扩增方法在近交系小鼠遗传检测中的应用

目的将新近建立的单管双向等位基因专一性扩增(single-tube bi-directional allele specific amplification,SB-ASA)方法用于分析近交系小鼠基因组中的单核苷酸多态性(SNP)。方法以5个近交系小鼠为研究对象,采用SB-ASA方法对其16个SNP位点进行检测,并通过双盲实验和测序验证该方法的可靠性;且考察了该方法中PCR反应各成分及扩增条件对结果的影响。结果16个SNP位点,SB-ASA都成功地对5个品系小鼠进行了分型,与测序结果完全一致;双盲实验结果显示通过3个SNP位点即可鉴别5个品系。结论SB-ASA方法可用于近交系小鼠SNP的遗传检测,可望作为一种新的分子生物学遗传检测方法推广应用。     

Genome Sequencer FLX引领快速基因组测序时代的到来

焦磷酸法最早是应用在检测DNA甲基化和SNP位点分析的一项技术, 在2005年底, 此技术被用来进行基因组序列的测定, 已经成为下一代高通量测序中最成熟的一种技术。本篇文章着重介绍了采用焦磷酸测序法的罗氏公司最新一代高通量基因组测序系统GS FLX的技术原理, 操作过程和广泛的应用范围。     

Genome Sequencer FLX引领快速基因组测序时代的到来

焦磷酸法最早是应用在检测DNA甲基化和SNP位点分析的一项技术,在2005年底,此技术被用来进行基因组序列的测定,已经成为下一代高通量测序中最成熟的一种技术.本篇文章着重介绍了采用焦磷酸测序法的罗氏公司最新一代高通量基因组测序系统GS FLX的技术原理,操作过程和广泛的应用范围.     

利用DNA池技术研究猪GH基因启动子序列的多态性

目的:分析猪GH基因启动子区序列的多态性,期望筛选出对猪生长性状有显著影响的SNP位点,为地方猪种的选育及选种提供一定的理论依据.方法:以大约克、可乐猪、香猪和黔北黑猪为试验对象,构建品种DNA池,采用PCR产物直接测序法对猪GH基因启动子区-856～+171片段共1 027bp进行单核苷酸多态性检测.结果:除香猪外,在其他3个猪种5'-端侧翼序列发现5个SNP位点:C22T、A- 26T、G- 219A、T- 385A和C-391T,并且在大约克GH基因启动子区-640处发现了一个12bp碱基序列(GGCAAAGTGTAG)的缺失.结论:DNA池结合PCR产物直接测序技术能够很好的筛选SNP位点,本研究采用该技术在猪GH基因启动子区- 856～+171片段检测到了5个SNP位点.     

应用SNPstream技术检测MASP2基因的多态性

目的：应用一种高通量单核苷酸多态性（SNP）检测方法——SNPstream技术检测甘露聚糖结合凝集素相关丝氨酸蛋白酶-2（MASP2）基因的多态性。方法：收集北京汉族人群SARS病例96例和正常对照96例,用SNPstream技术检测样本的MASP2基因多态性,并用PCR产物直接测序技术对其中一个位点rs2273346进行分型,以验证SNPstream技术的准确性。结果：192例样本的MASP2基因rs2273346位点SNPstream技术分型结果与测序结果完全相符,2种方法的基因型分型结果具有很好的一致性。结论：SNPstream技术是高通量SNP检测的良好工具,准确性高,所需样本量低,在大规模人群SNP筛检中具有良好的发展前景。     

单管PCR-Pyrosequencing快速检测华法林代谢酶基因多态性方法的建立

文章旨在建立一种单管、快速及高通量的华法林药物代谢酶相关基因多态性的检测方法。通过抽取人外周血DNA,应用带有生物素标记的扩增引物,经PCR扩增并制备焦磷酸测序单链模板,于PyroMark ID焦磷酸测序仪上进行焦磷酸测序,以Sanger测序法测序结果为对照,观察分析的准确性。结果显示,华法林药物代谢酶的3个相关基因多态性(CYP2C9*2、CYP2C9*3、VKORC1(-1693))于单管中可被同时检测,一次可获得96份DNA的华法林药物代谢相关多态性位点检测结果。经与Sanger测序方法比较,符合率为100%。结果表明本方法可准确、高通量、快速检测华法林药物代谢酶相关基因多态性,与单管检测一个位点的焦磷酸测序方法相比,能有效降低检测成本,节省检测时间。该方法在个性化医疗上有较大的推广应用价值,也可以将该平台运用于其他疾病相关基因多态性检测。     

焦磷酸测序测定SNP的常见问题与解决方法

目的:探讨焦磷酸测序技术对单核苷酸多态性分型因测序图谱中存在的一些典型问题而导致分型结果不准确的解决方法。方法:以VKORC1基因1639 GA位点、CYP2C19基因636 GA位点及UGT1A1基因TA重复序列(TA)6(TA)7的多态性检测为例,分别采用优化PCR条件、改变测序时dNTP的加入顺序以及设立外标校正的方法来解决上述问题,从而提高焦测序对SNP分型的准确性。结果:通过升高PCR退火温度,可以显著提高VKORC1基因的扩增特异性,降低了测序图谱中非特异性信号峰强度;通过优化测序时dNTP的加入顺序,CYP2C19基因636 GA位点的准确分型结果可通过观察测序图谱中相关信号峰的有无而简单获得,避免了比较信号峰的相对强度;通过比较待测样本与已知基因型的外标样本的测序图谱来确定待测样本的基因型,提高了对UGT1A1基因TA重复序列(TA)6(TA)7多态性的分型准确性。结论:本文针对焦测序在测定SNP时的常见问题所提出的相应解决方法不仅简单、经济有效,而且在临床应用方面具有可靠性。     

焦磷酸测序测定SNP的常见问题与解决方法

目的：探讨焦磷酸测序技术对单核苷酸多态性分型因测序图谱中存在的一些典型问题而导致分型结果不准确的解决方法。方法：以VKORC1基因1639 G〉A位点、CYP2C19基因636 G〉A位点及UGT1A1基因TA重复序列（TA）6〉（TA）7的多态性检测为例,分别采用优化PCR条件、改变测序时dNTP的加入顺序以及设立外标校正的方法来解决上述问题,从而提高焦测序对SNP分型的准确性。结果：通过升高PCR退火温度,可以显著提高VKORC1基因的扩增特异性,降低了测序图谱中非特异性信号峰强度;通过优化测序时dNTP的加入顺序,CYP2C19基因636 G〉A位点的准确分型结果可通过观察测序图谱中相关信号峰的有无而简单获得,避免了比较信号峰的相对强度;通过比较待测样本与已知基因型的外标样本的测序图谱来确定待测样本的基因型,提高了对UGT1A1基因TA重复序列（TA）6〉（TA）7多态性的分型准确性。结论：本文针对焦测序在测定SNP时的常见问题所提出的相应解决方法不仅简单、经济有效,而且在临床应用方面具有可靠性。     

乙肝治疗耐药基因突变的焦磷酸测序技术诊断

目的:建立焦磷酸测序技术检测拉米夫定和阿德福韦酯治疗乙肝所致乙肝病毒基因耐药突变的定量检测方法,为临床乙肝耐药诊断和治疗提供依据。方法:针对乙肝病毒DNA聚合酶基因序列上4个常见基因突变位点的6种突变形式,分别克隆构建野生型和突变型质粒作为标准品,应用生物信息学手段设计目标基因通用PCR引物和各突变点的焦磷酸测序引物,建立焦磷酸测序的突变检测方法。对接受拉米夫定、阿德福韦酯治疗的慢性乙型肝炎患者血清标本进行检测。结果:构建了乙肝病毒四种常见耐药性突变的标准株和变异株克隆,建立了分别或同时检测拉米夫定、阿德福韦酯耐药突变的焦磷酸测序方法,对68例临床耐药或疑似耐药的患者血清标本进行检测,双脱氧测序验证,检出拉米夫定耐药突变32例,阿德福韦酯耐药突变5例,其中焦磷酸测序检出20例为混合突变,而双脱氧测序显示为6例。结论:成功建立了焦磷酸测序定量检测拉米夫定、阿德福韦酯耐药基因突变的方法,构建了乙肝病毒耐药基因突变的标准质粒,为临床动态监测乙肝病毒变异病毒株、指导合理用药奠定了基础。     

肉类掺假检测技术研究进展

肉类掺假现象严重威胁公共卫生安全。快速、准确、可靠的动物源性成分检测技术是有效监管与检测肉类掺假的关键。总结了常见的掺假形式,并对物理技术、光谱技术、免疫学技术、DNA分析等检测方法进行了全面的总结归纳和比较分析,尤其是对当前热门的DNA分析方法,详细阐述了常规PCR、实时荧光定量PCR、数字PCR和等温扩增PCR这4种主要分子检测技术的优缺点和应用情况,旨在为未来动物源性检测技术的发展指明方向。     

金银花五个品系的RAPD分析及DNA指纹图谱的建立

运用RAPD技术,对5个金银花品系进行遗传多样性研究并构建这5个金银花品系的DNA指纹图谱。从80个引物中筛选出25个带纹清晰,多态性好的引物用于实验。其中,引物SBSD06的扩增条带可以清楚明确区分5个品系,建立其DNA指纹图谱。在清晰、稳定出现的170条带中,153条带具有多态性。按UPGMA法进行聚类分析,计算其遗传相似系数,结果显示,金银花5个品系聚为两类,与其形态学分类结果相符。     

基于国产微滴数字PCR的SNP快速检测技术研究

目的 在法医学领域,现有的SNP检测主要依赖进口,检测工作量大、耗时长且成本较高。微滴数字PCR (droplet digital PCR,ddPCR)作为新一代的PCR技术,可以快速检测低浓度样本DNA,且有较强的抗干扰能力。本研究旨在国产ddPCR平台建立SNP分型检测体系并对其性能进行评估,以探讨ddPCR技术在法医学检验领域的应用价值。方法 在ddPCR平台建立高原适应性EPAS1单倍型(rs115321619、rs73926263、rs73926264、rs73926265和rs55981512)检测体系,测试各位点引物探针特异性,对体系的准确性、稳定性、灵敏度、检材适应性进行评估,并比较了ddPCR和SNaPshot微测序检测体系的抗抑制性,最后对样本地区来源进行测试。结果 ddPCR在2.5 h内即可快速获取检测结果,体系准确性和稳定性好,检测灵敏度为0.312 5 ng,且抗抑制性能力突出。70份测试样本检测结果与背景信息一致。结论 基于ddPCR的SNP检测体系具有准确可靠、简便快速、抗抑制能力强等优势,在法医学快速检验领域有较强的应用潜力,适合法医现场检验需求。     

A novel SNP detection technique utilizing a multiple primer extension (MPEX) on a phospholipid polymer-coated surface

Conventional methods for detecting single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including direct DNA sequencing, pyrosequencing, and melting curve analysis, are to a great extent limited by their requirement for particular detection instruments. To overcome this limitation, we established a novel SNP detection technique utilizing multiple primer extension (MPEX) on a phospholipid polymer-coated surface. This technique is based on the development of a new plastic S-BIO PrimeSurface with a biocompatible polymer; its surface chemistry offers extraordinarily stable thermal properties, as well as chemical properties advantageous for enzymatic reactions on the surface. To visualize allele-specific PCR products on the surface, biotin-dUTP was incorporated into newly synthesized PCR products during the extension reaction. The products were ultimately detected by carrying out a colorimetric reaction with substrate solution containing 4-nitro-blue tetrazolium chloride (NBT) and 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate (BCIP). We demonstrated the significance of this novel SNP detection technique by analyzing representative SNPs on 4 LD blocks of the micro opioid receptor gene. We immobilized 20 allele-specific oligonucleotides on this substrate, and substantially reproduced the results previously obtained by other methods.     

Direct detection of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in bacterial DNA by SNPtrap

A major challenge with single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) fingerprinting of bacteria and higher organisms is the combination of genome-wide screenings with the potential of multiplexing and accurate SNP detection. Single-nucleotide extension by the minisequencing principle represents a technology that both is highly accurate and enables multiplexing. A current bottleneck for direct genome analyses by minisequencing, however, is the sensitivity, since minisequencing relies on linear signal amplification. Here, we present SNPtrap, which is a novel approach that combines the specificity and possibility of multiplexing by minisequencing with the sensitivity obtained by logarithmic signal amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We show a SNPtrap proof of principle in a model system for two polymorphic SNP sites in the Salmonella tetrathionate reductase gene (ttrC).     

DIRECT DETECTION OF SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS IN BACTERIAL DNA BY SNPtrap

A major challenge with single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) fingerprinting of bacteria and higher organisms is the combination of genome-wide screenings with the potential of multiplexing and accurate SNP detection. Single-nucleotide extension by the minisequencing principle represents a technology that both is highly accurate and enables multiplexing. A current bottleneck for direct genome analyses by minisequencing, however, is the sensitivity, since minisequencing relies on linear signal amplification. Here, we present SNPtrap, which is a novel approach that combines the specificity and possibility of multiplexing by minisequencing with the sensitivity obtained by logarithmic signal amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We show a SNPtrap proof of principle in a model system for two polymorphic SNP sites in the Salmonella tetrathionate reductase gene (ttrC).     

Use of Pyromark Q96 ID pyrosequencing system in identifying bacterial pathogen directly with urine specimens for diagnosis of urinary tract infections

Detection and identification of bacterial etiology in urine is critical for accurate diagnosis and subsequent rational treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Urine culture followed by a series of biochemical reactions is currently the standard method for detecting and distinguishing microorganisms associated with UTIs. The whole procedure commonly takes more than 24 h. Here we developed a new system combining 16S rRNA gene broad-range PCR with pyrosequencing technology that allows for bacteria detection and identification in urine in 5 h. To evaluate this system for rapid diagnosis of bacteriuria, 768 urine specimens were collected from patients with suspected UTIs and were tested side-by-side using standard urine culture-based identification method and the pyrosequencing method. The results from pyrosequencing correlated well with those from traditional culture-based identification method. The overall agreement between these two methods reached 98.0% (753/768). In addition, we tested the sensitivity of pyrosequencing method and determined that urine bacterial numbers as low as 10⁴ cfu/ml could be accurately detected and identified. In conclusion, compared with traditional biochemical method, the PCR-pyrosequencing system significantly improved the detection and identification of bacteriuria with shorter time, higher accuracy, and higher throughput, thus allowing earlier pathogen-adapted antibiotic therapy for patients.     

A comparison of parallel pyrosequencing and sanger clone-based sequencing and its impact on the characterization of the genetic diversity of HIV-1

Background

Pyrosequencing technology has the potential to rapidly sequence HIV-1 viral quasispecies without requiring the traditional approach of cloning. In this study, we investigated the utility of ultra-deep pyrosequencing to characterize genetic diversity of the HIV-1 gag quasispecies and assessed the possible contribution of pyrosequencing technology in studying HIV-1 biology and evolution.

Methodology/Principal Findings

HIV-1 gag gene was amplified from 96 patients using nested PCR. The PCR products were cloned and sequenced using capillary based Sanger fluorescent dideoxy termination sequencing. The same PCR products were also directly sequenced using the 454 pyrosequencing technology. The two sequencing methods were evaluated for their ability to characterize quasispecies variation, and to reveal sites under host immune pressure for their putative functional significance. A total of 14,034 variations were identified by 454 pyrosequencing versus 3,632 variations by Sanger clone-based (SCB) sequencing. 11,050 of these variations were detected only by pyrosequencing. These undetected variations were located in the HIV-1 Gag region which is known to contain putative cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and neutralizing antibody epitopes, and sites related to virus assembly and packaging. Analysis of the positively selected sites derived by the two sequencing methods identified several differences. All of them were located within the CTL epitope regions.

Conclusions/Significance

Ultra-deep pyrosequencing has proven to be a powerful tool for characterization of HIV-1 genetic diversity with enhanced sensitivity, efficiency, and accuracy. It also improved reliability of downstream evolutionary and functional analysis of HIV-1 quasispecies.     

焦磷酸测序检测食品中鼠伤寒沙门氏菌

根据鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的特异序列,分别设计扩增引物和测序引物,建立焦磷酸测序检测鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的方法。针对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌设计特异性扩增引物,对目标片段进行PCR扩增,然后制备单链模板,并利用测序引物进行焦磷酸测序。测序结果表明,6株不同来源的鼠伤寒沙门氏菌均可以扩增出碱基序列为TACAACCGGA GTGCACATTA ATCCCGCAGC的基因片段,而30株阴性对照菌株均未得到扩增。进行BLAST比对表明,该序列与GenBank中鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的碱基序列100%匹配。焦磷酸测序法是一种快速、准确的检测方法,可用于食品中鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的快速检测。