澜沧江漫湾电站水库地区两栖动物的考察研究

漫湾电站地区共有两栖类２ 目８ 科１８ 属３８ 种。区系特点是： （１） 物种很丰富, 占中国两栖类种数１３－６２ ％ , 超过２０ 个省区, 超过云南红河州, 而与西双版纳相等, 是中国两栖类最丰富的地区之一, 也是云南种类最多的地区;（２） 全部属东洋界种类; （３） 西南区种类占绝对优势, 有２６ 种, 占６８－４２％ ; （４） 华中区及华中华南种类很少, 共３ 种; （５） 锄足蟾科种类特多, 有１２ 种; （６） 特有种很多, 有漫湾特有７ 种, 云南特有１６ 种,中国特有１３ 种以上。垂直分布可分为河谷低山带, 海拔８００ － １ ５００ｍ ; 中山带, 海拔１ ５００ － ２ ２００ｍ ; 高山带,２ ２００ －２ ８００ｍ ;２ ８００３ ２９１ｍ 的山顶带。泽蛙、双团棘胸蛙及云南小狭口蛙为本地区优势种。稀有种多, 应加强保护; 红瘰疣螈为国家Ⅱ级保护动物。     

大鼠耐力运动后血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ与尿蛋白组分排泄的相关性研究

本实验测定了大鼠长时间游泳后即刻及恢复中尿中总蛋白（ＴＰ）、白蛋白（Ａｌｂ）、β微球蛋白（β＿２－ｍＧ）排泄率及血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ（ＡⅡ）活性,分析了ＡⅡ与尿蛋白组分排泄率的相关性。结果表明：ＡⅡ活性与Ａｌｂ排泄率相关性较高（ｒ＝０．６６,Ｐ＜０．０５）,ＡⅡ活性与ＴＰ、β＿２－ｍＧ排泄率相关性较低（ｒ＝０．４２,Ｐ＞０．０５;ｒ＝０．３４,Ｐ＞０．０５）。提示ＡⅡ活性在运动后尿蛋白产生机制中与大分子量的Ａｌｂ排泄有较直接关系,而与ＴＰ及小分子量的β＿２－ｍＧ排泄无明显直接关系。     

人工含油废水对秋茄幼苗生长的影响

在玻璃网室中建立秋茄模拟湿地,分别用不同浓度的人工含油废水进行为期一年的每周两次定期排放,对照组(ＣＬ)用盐度１５‰的人工海水。人工含油废水对秋茄幼苗生长的影响如下:２００ｍｇ·Ｌ－１、４００ｍｇ·Ｌ－１和８００ｍｇ·Ｌ－１组的部分植株出现叶尖卷曲、叶缘有褐色斑点、叶片失绿等受害症状,８００ｍｇ·Ｌ－１组植株的受害症状出现的时间最早而且个体数最多;较高浓度的含油废水导致秋茄幼苗个体死亡,２００ｍｇ·Ｌ－１、４００ｍｇ·Ｌ－１和８００ｍｇ·Ｌ－１组的存活率依次为９５．９%、８５．２%和５９．２%。５０ｍｇ·Ｌ－１含油废水对秋茄幼苗的生长有促进作用,表现为生物量、茎高和茎径的年增长量极显著高于对照组;１００ｍｇ·Ｌ－１和２００ｍｇ·Ｌ－１含油废水对秋茄幼苗的生长无明显不良影响,表现为２００ｍｇ·Ｌ－１组生物量、茎高和茎径的年增长量与对照组比无显著差异,１００ｍｇ·Ｌ－１组植株仅茎高年增长量显著高于对照组;较高浓度的含油废水则使秋茄幼苗生长受到显著抑制,表现为４００ｍｇ·Ｌ－１组生物量和茎高的年增长量显著或极显著低于对照组,８００ｍｇ·Ｌ－１组生物量、茎高和茎径的年增长量显著或极显著低于对照组。表明秋茄幼苗对低浓度含油废水有一定的     

大鼠耐力运动后血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ与尿蛋白组分排泄的相…

本实验测定了大鼠长时间游泳后即刻及恢复中尿中总蛋白（ＴＰ）、白蛋白（Ａｌｂ）、β２微球蛋白（β２－ｍＧ）排泄率及血血管紧张素Ⅱ（ＡⅡ）活性,分析了ＡⅡ与尿蛋白组分排泄率的相关性。结果表明：ＡⅡ活性与Ａｌｂ排泄率相关性较高（ｒ＝０．６６,Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＡⅡ活性与ＴＰ、β２－ｍＧ排泄率相关性较低（ｒ＝０．４２,Ｐ＞０．０５）．提示ＡⅡ活性在运动后尿蛋白产生机制中与大分子量Ａｌｂ排泄有较直接关系,而与     

柑叶片蔗糖酶的分离纯化及其部分性质的研究

柑（Ｃｉｔｒｕｓｒｅｔｉｃｕｌａｔａ Ｂｌａｎｃｏ）幼叶中存在高活性的酸性蔗糖酶。经硫酸铵盐析、ＤＥＡＥ－琼脂糖离子交换层析、ＳｅｐｈａｃｒｙｌＳ－２００ 凝胶层析纯化,活性回收率６．４％ ,纯化倍数１７９．２ 倍。纯化的酶经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳显示单一蛋白带,ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ显示１ 条蛋白带,其亚基分子量４０ ｋＤ。用ＳｅｐｈａｃｒｙｌＳ－２００ 凝胶层析法测得分子量为８０ ｋＤ。推测该酶由两个相同亚基构成。以蔗糖为底物测定该酶的表观Ｋｍ 为１．６×１０－ ２ ｍ ｏｌ·Ｌ－ １,Ｖｍ ａｘ为１００ ｍ ｇ 还原糖·ｍ ｇ－ １蛋白质·ｈ－ １。最适ｐＨ ５．０,酸碱稳定区在ｐＨ ４．５—５．５ 之间。最适温度５５℃     

强直电刺激嗅内皮质—海马环路诱发CAI神经元的癫痫同步性膜电位振？…

目的和方法：４００－５００μｍ大鼠水平脑切片吸封闭的ＥＣ－海马环路。强直电刺激（６０Ｈｚ,２ｓ）海马Ｓｃｈａｅｆｆｅｒ侧支诱发癫痫放电,全细胞记录ＣＡ１胞体层单个神经元电活动,同步记录相应树突外场电位,探讨单个神经元膜电位振荡特性和细胞外癫痫电活动之间的关系。结果：（１）强直电刺激诱发ＣＡ１神经元膜电位后放性振呈宽频特征（３－１００ＨＺ）。以θ节律多见,跟随在刺激引起的膜电位去极化或超极化偏移之后     

生物素标记GFV－cDNA探针的制备及在检测葡萄扇叶病毒上的应用

以整合到质粒中的ＧＦＶ－ｃＤＮＡ为模板经ＰＣＲ合成了生物素标记的ＧＦＶ单、双链探针。用合成的探针对提纯的ｃＦＶ－ＲＮＡ＿２、感染ＣＦＶ的昆诺藜叶及１８株而萄进行ＤＮＡ－ＲＮＡ杂交检测表明：检测提纯病毒ＲＮＡ＿２的灵敏度为１．５ｐｇ／斑点,感染ＧＦＶ的昆诺藜提取液最高稀释度可达４０９６０倍;１１株显示典型扇叶症状的样品杂交结果均为阳性,且汁液稀释４００～８００倍仍能测出,７株不显示典型扇叶症状的葡萄中３株受到ＧＦＶ的侵染。单、双链探针最适使用浓度分别为１／２００及１／１００。     

稀土积累对水体中藻类生长的影响

为了解稀土积累对水体中藻类生长的生态效应,本文研究了单一稀土氧化镧（Ｌａ２Ｏ３）积累对水体中混合藻生长量的影响。结果表明,稀土浓度为５０、１００、２００、３００、４００、６００、８００ｐｐｍ时,对混合藻的生长多表现为抑制作用。整个试验期间藻的叶绿素（ａ）含量及藻细胞数量均随着稀土浓度的升高而降低。只是稀土浓度为１００ｐｐｍ,培养１５天时对藻产生轻微刺激作用。当稀土浓度＞４００ｐｐｍ时,混合藻的生长几乎完全被抑制。     

炭角菌属一新种

报道了采自藏东南林区的炭角菌属一新种－委陵菜生炭角菌。该种子座直立,头部分叉或柄基分枝,地上部分高２￣４．５ｃｍ,顶端可孕,子囊座柱状或圆锥状或扁平,长１￣３ｃｍ,宽３￣７ｍｍ,表面精糙,桑葚状,黑色;内部蜡质,中实,白色。柄柱状,直或扭转,具纵皱折,地上具延伸的假根。子囊壳卵圆形,４５０￣５００×２００￣３００μｍ,孔口突出,盾状或疣状。子囊棒状,７０￣１００×６￣８μｍ,８孢子,顶端遇Ｍｅｌｚ     

磁场对小麦生理功能的影响及防护O_3伤害的作用

将浸泡５ｈ的小麦粒,置于各种强度的磁场下１２ｈ,测其发芽率,以２００Ｏｅ的效果最好。同样材料用各种强度磁场处理４８ｈ,当长成苗后,发现处理的株高普遍高于对照,相同的幼苗,经０．７９－１．５９ｍｇｍ￣（－３）浓度的Ｏ＿３熏气６、９、１２ｈ,经２００、４００Ｏｅ磁场强度处理的材料,叶片细胞外渗液中核酸和可溶性糖含量较对照低,叶内可溶性糖含量多数情况也低于对照,而叶绿素含量却不同程度地高于对照,总的说明２００－４００Ｏｅ范围的外磁场处理可促进小麦的萌发和生长,并对Ｏ＿３伤害有一定防护作用。     

The influence of work intensity on postexercise proteinuria

Fifteen men were studied during 100 m, 400 m and 3,000 m runs at maximal speed to determine total urinary protein and albumin excretion rates in relation to different distances of running. Venous blood lactate rose to 7.5 mmol.l-1 after the 100 m and 3,000 m events, while reaching 12 mmol.l-1 after the 400 m dash. Total urinary protein excretion increased to 330, 1640 and 565 micrograms.min-1 after the 100 m, 400 m and 3,000 m runs respectively, as compared with basal values (70 micrograms.min-1). In the meantime, albumin excretion increased respectively by 5, 25 and 18 fold of the resting values. The renal clearance of albumin increased to 0.84, 5.62 and 3.35 microliter.min-1 after the three runs, as compared with a mean value of 0.19 microliter.min-1 at rest. Exponential relationships (r = 0.85) were recorded between post-exercise venous lactate and albumin, and total protein excretion. The present work illustrates the major influence of the intensity of exercise (anaerobic glycolytic component), rather than its duration, on the excretion rate of urinary proteins.     

Urinary protein profiling by high-performance gel permeation chromatography

We describe a new application of high-performance aqueous gel permeation chromatography for the analysis of human proteinuria. Separations of urinary proteins from normal subjects and patients with renal impairment were performed with TSK G 3000 SW columns. The effects of pH and icnic strength of the eluent on the separation of urinary proteins were investigated. Albumins were selectively separated from urine by affinity chromatography on Blue Sepharose CL-6B. According to the results of clinical investigations, urinary protein pattern derived from gel permeation chromatography revealed a good prediction of the site of renal involvement. Predominant excretion of proteins with lower molecular weight than albumin correlated with tubular damage. Albumin and higher molecular weight protein patterns were associated with glomerular disease. Absorbance measurements of the eluent at 280 nm were used for quantitative determination of total urinary protein. Gel permeation chromatography was compared to sodium dodecyl sulfate—polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the resulting protein patterns are in good agreement.     

The Munich Wistar Fr?mter rat: proteinuria and blood pressure in correlation to the number of superficial glomeruli.

Rats with a high number of superficial nephrons (MWF/Ztm) also show an elevated urinary protein excretion and a high systolic blood pressure. To investigate a possible correlation between the number of superficial glomeruli and these physiological changes, MWF/Ztm rats were crossed and backcrossed to Wistar cryptorchic (WC/Ztm) animals with no superficial nephrons in order to produce genotypes with differing numbers of superficial glomeruli. In the parental strains, the F1 hybrids and the 8 possible backcrosses, the number of superficial glomeruli, the distance of the 10 most superficial glomeruli to the renal surface, and the diameter of Bowman's capsules were determined by morphometric analysis. The excretion of total protein, in detail low molecular weight proteins, albumin, and high molecular weight proteins were measured quantitatively in 5 males of each genotype. Systolic blood pressure was determined by a tail-cuff method in conscious rats. Means of each variate of the 12 available genotypes were linearly correlated and demonstrate a close correlation between the amount of superficial nephrons and the observed physiological changes, i.e. the more superficial the glomeruli the higher the urinary protein excretion, especially albumin, and the higher the systolic blood pressure.     

Adaptation of renal function to hypotonic medium in the winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus)

Summary The kidneys of winter flounders transferred to hypotonic medium were investigated for glomerular and tubular handling of fluid and electrolytes and for the urinary excretion of proteins. Media were sea water (925 mosm·kg^–1) and brackish water (70 mosm·kg^–1).In sea water, the urine was hypertonic to the plasma in 7 fish of this study. Urine flow rate was correlated with the GFR. After adaptation to brackish water a delay of 1 to 3 days was observed until the kidneys switched from fluid retention to the excretion of large amounts of dilute urine. GFR and urine flow rate were increased from 0.61±0.08 to 1.58±0.29 ml·h^–1·kg^–1 and from 0.14±0.02 to 0.68±0.08 ml·h^–1·kg^–1, respectively . With increased filtered load the tubular reabsorption of fluid decreased from 74±2.4% to 45±11.2%. The excretion rates of sodium and potassium were increased due to decreased fractional sodium and potassium reabsorption. The urinary excretion of divalent cations, however, was reduced because the net tubular reabsorption of calcium was increased and the net secretion of magnesium was diminished.Both the urinary total protein concentration and the protein pattern showed no significant change, but the rate of protein excretion was increased from 0.21±0.04 to 0.60±0.05 mg·h^–1·kg^–1. The comparison of protein patterns obtained from urine and serum samples revealed that high molecular weight (HMW) proteins prevail in the serum whereas low molecular weight (LMW) proteins dominate in the urine. The diminished quantity of the HMW-protein fraction in the urine thus may reflect size selectivity of the glomerular filtration barrier for serum proteins also in the winter flounder.Abbreviations BW brackish water - SW sea water - GFR glomerular filtration rate - HMW heigh molecular weight - LMW low molecular weight     

Relationship between chronic treatment with morphine and sex-dependent low molecular weight protein excretion

Chronic administration of morphine caused a marked decrease in the urinary excretion of low molecular weight proteins (LMWP) including α₂u-globulin (E.L. Stanley and O.W. Neuhaus, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, $\text{257}$, 461–470, 1972), which exist only in male rats. Levels of urinary high molecular weight proteins, such as albumin and γ-globulin, however, were not significantly changed by morphine treatment. The amount of excreted LMWP was observed to decrease 3 days after giving morphine, 0.5 mg/g food, and to recover to the control level within 6 days after withdrawal of morphine. These findings suggest that the decrease of excreted LMWP may be related to the development of morphine dependence in male rats.     

Reversibility of renal tubular dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in the rat.

Enzymuria and specific proteinuria were examined over a period of 19 days in 4 groups of 5 rats: a control group, a nondiabetic polyuric group, a group of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats treated with insulin as of the 10th day after the injection of the drug, and a similar group of untreated diabetic rats. Increased urinary excretion of beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alanine aminopeptidase was observed shortly after the induction of diabetes. It was partly or totally reversible following insulin treatment. Nondiabetic polyuria had a slight effect on the excretion of alanine aminopeptidase only. The urinary excretion of beta 2-microglobulin also rapidly increased after the onset of diabetes to a level approximately 50 times the control values. This effect was largely reversible with insulin treatment and was absent in the nondiabetic polyuric group. A small but significant 3-fold increase in albumin excretion was also noted but was not affected by insulin treatment. We conclude that streptozotocin-induced diabetes causes an early tubular dysfunction that is unrelated to polyuria and is reversible upon insulin treatment. This tubular dysfunction is best revealed by the urinary excretion of the low molecular weight protein beta 2-microglobulin. Our results suggest that it would be of interest to further examine the usefulness of sensitive markers of tubular dysfunction, especially low molecular weight proteinuria, in the detection of early stages of diabetic nephropathy.     

Renal reabsorption of low molecular weight proteins in adult male rats: alpha 2u-globulin

Urinary proteins are reabsorbed by the renal tubule cells by two processes, the first for high molecular weight (HMW) and the second for low molecular weight proteins (LMW). The purpose of this report is to establish that alpha 2u-globulin, the sex-dependent, major urinary protein of the adult male rat, is reabsorbed in the kidneys by the general mechanism for LMW proteins. Parameters such as clearance rates were determined to show that alpha 2u is reabsorbed by a process comparable to that for lysozyme. The aminoglycoside, gentamicin, was observed to inhibit the reabsorption of alpha 2u in a dose-dependent fashion. It increased the alpha 2u excretion rate from 4.2 to 13.5 micrograms/min; the clearance was increased from a normal of 0.33 to 0.91 ml/min. The excretion rate for alpha 2u was also increased by the injection of lysozyme from a normal of 7.4 to 18.1 micrograms/min. The effect of lysozyme was dose-dependent and reversible. Although gentamicin and lysozyme each increased the excretion of alpha 2u, they had no effect on albumin. Both were equally effective as inhibitors of alpha 2u reabsorption and were 80% as effective as sodium maleate. It is suggested that alpha 2u is reabsorbed by a mechanism which is shared with other LMW proteins. Furthermore, this process is independent of the one which serves to translocate HMW proteins such as albumin.     

Canine pyometra: a study of the urinary proteins by SDS-PAGE and Western blot

Canine pyometra often causes glomerulonephritis by immune complex deposition in the glomeruli. Proteinuria, ranging from moderate to severe, may be present secondary to renal damage. To determine urinary protein excretion due to pyometra, sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was conducted on urine from 15 bitches with pyometra and 10 healthy bitches. To characterize urinary immunoglobin excretion, Western blot analysis of the urine samples using antibodies to canine IgG and IgA was also performed. Nine bands were detected by electrophoresis in bitches with pyometra, while only four were detected in the healthy animals. The urinary proteins from bitches with pyometra were primarily of glomerular origin; 58% were of medium-high molecular weight (MW), and the remainder were low MW. None of the healthy dogs had IgG or IgA in their urine, whereas three bitches with pyometra had IgG in their urine and another bitch with pyometra had both IgG and IgA. The low proportion of bitches with urinary immunoglobins was probably be due to early diagnosis of the disease. Although only a limited number of dogs was used, this study is apparently the first to characterize the electrophoretic pattern of urinary proteins and to quantify urinary excretion of IgG and IgA in bitches with pyometra.     

Purification of beta-glucuronidase from urine of androgen-stimulated female mice

β-Glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31) has been purified from the urine of androgen-treated A/J female mice. This is a convenient starting material as the enzyme comprises 0.5 to 1.0% of total urinary proteins. Weekly injections of testosterone enanthate increased β-glucuronidase excretion from kidney into urine by approximately 300-fold. Unexpected urinary enzyme activity declined after six weekly treatments, but returned after the testosterone injections were discontinued. These observations suggest that testosterone influences not only the rate of β-glucuronidase synthesis but also the excretion of the enzyme into the urine. Other hormone regimens for achieving β-glucuronidase synthesis and excretion into urine are discussed. After concentrating the urine 10- to 12-fold, β-glucuronidase was isolated using two chromatography steps. Gel filtration on Bio-Gel A-0.5m resulted in a 16-fold purification of the enzyme and removed most of the major urinary proteins. Anion exchange on diethylaminoethyl-cellulose resulted in a further purification of β-glucuronidase by 12-fold. These two chromatography steps gave 190- to 200-fold increases of β-glucuronidase activity per milligram of protein and the enzyme electrophoresed as a single band in two native gels. However, analysis on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels revealed traces of protein smaller than the 70,000 molecular weight subunit of the enzyme. The β-glucuronidase isolated from urine had the same physical properties as the lysosomal form of the enzyme in mouse kidney.     

Identification and localization of high molecular weight proteins in insect flight and leg muscle.

Thick and thin filaments in asynchronous flight muscle overlap nearly completely and thick filaments are attached to the Z-disc by connecting filaments. We have raised antibodies against a fraction of Lethocerus flight muscle myofibrils containing Z-discs and associated filaments and also against a low ionic strength extract of myofibrils. Monoclonal antibodies were obtained to proteins of 800 kd (p800), 700 kd (p700), 400 kd (p400) and alpha-actinin. The positions of the proteins in Lethocerus flight and leg myofibrils were determined by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. p800 is in connecting filaments of flight myofibrils and in A-bands of leg myofibrils. p700 is in Z-discs of flight myofibrils and an immunologically related protein, p500, is in leg muscle Z-discs. p400 is in M-lines of both flight and leg myofibrils. Preliminary DNA sequencing shows that p800 is related to vertebrate titin and nematode twitchin. Molecules of p800 could extend from the Z-disc a short way along thick filaments, forming a mechanical link between the two structures. All three high molecular weight proteins probably stabilize the structure of the myofibril.