外源性P53基因的表达对NCI—H358细胞的生长的影响

目前已经证实,肺癌细胞有多种癌基因异常,这些异常在肺癌的发生和发展过程中可起着重要的作用,Ｐ５３基因是一种与细胞生长密切相关的基因。探讨逆转录病毒载体介导外源性Ｐ５３基因对肺癌细胞生长的影响,为肺癌的基因治疗提供实验依据。     

p53基因对人胃癌细胞系恶性生长的影响

以ｐ５３ｃＤＮＡ为探针,用Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ印迹法对人胃癌细胞系ＢＧＣ８２３进行了检测,发现该细胞中ｐ５３基因存在异常,将可在真核细胞表达的重组野生型Ｐ５３质粒ｐＣ５３－ＳＮ３和突变型ｐ５３质粒ｐＣ５３－ＳＣＸ３,用指质体介导法,分别导入ＢＣＧ８２３细胞,获得了较长时间受Ｇ４１８的多个阳性克隆。Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ抑迹法证实阳性克隆细胞中有外源性ｐ５３基因存在。     

正常的和转化的C3H小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞neu基因结构的初步研究

应用ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ技术并结合Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ印迹杂交从基因水平对正常和＾３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ恶生转化小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞ＮＣ３Ｈ１０和ＴＣ３Ｈ１０中ｎｅｕ基因进行研究,Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ印迹杂交结果表明恶性转化的ＴＣ３Ｈ１０细胞的ｎｅｕ基因出现重排和扩增,ＳＳＣＰ分析未发现ＴＣ３Ｈ１０细胞ｎｅｕ基因跨膜区突变,上述结果说明ＴＣ３Ｈ１０细胞ｎｅｕ基因结构异常可能在跨膜区外,ｎｅｕ基因异常在＾３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ诱导的     

正常的和转化的C3H小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞neu基因结构的初步研究

应用ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ技术并结合Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ印迹杂交从基因水平对正常和￣３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ恶性转化小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞ＮＣ３Ｈ１０和ＴＣ３Ｈ１０中ｎｅｕ基因进行研究。Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ印迹杂交结果表明恶性转化的ＴＣ３Ｈ１０细胞ｎｅｕ基因出现重排和扩增,ＳＳＣＰ分析未发现ＴＣ３Ｈ１０细胞ｎｅｕ基因跨膜区突变。上述结果说明ＴＣ３Ｈ１０细胞ｎｅｕ基因结构异常可能在跨膜区外,ｎｅｕ基因异常在￣３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ诱导的细胞恶性转化过程中可能有重要的作用,ＥＧＦ可促进ｎｅｕ基因表达增高,研究发现在ＥＧＦ持续作用下,ＮＣ３Ｈ１０细胞ｎｅｕ基因甲基化水平无显著变化,说明ＥＧＦ可能是通过其它途径调控ｎｅｕ基因表达增高的,排除了ＥＧＦ通过改变ｎｅｕ基因甲基化水平而调控ｎｅｕ基因表达的可能性。     

人衰老成纤维细胞经紫外线损伤后的DNA修复和细胞周期调控

 以体外培养的不同代龄的人胚肺二倍体成纤维细胞（２ Ｂ Ｓ）为对象,紫外线诱导 Ｄ Ｎ Ａ 损伤后,观察细胞形态、增殖特性、细胞周期、 Ｄ Ｎ Ａ 修复变化等细胞应答以及 ｇａｄｄ１５３、ｐ２１ Ｗ Ａ Ｆ１／ Ｃ Ｉ Ｐ１／ Ｓ Ｄ Ｉ１、ｐ５３ 等基因的转录水平的表达变化．结果显示：紫外线诱导 Ｄ Ｎ Ａ 损伤后,衰老（＞ ５５ 代）２ Ｂ Ｓ细胞形态及增殖能力的改变不如年轻细胞（＜ ３０ 代）显著;不同代龄的细胞损伤后均出现 Ｇ１ 期阻滞现象,年轻细胞 Ｇ１ 期阻滞率明显高于衰老细胞（ Ｐ＜ ００５）;衰老细胞总的修复能力较年轻细胞明显下降（ Ｐ＜ ００１）;同时,ｇａｄｄ１５３、ｐ２１、ｐ５３ 等的可诱导性均低于年轻 ２ Ｂ Ｓ细胞．由此,分别在细胞水平与基因水平反映了衰老细胞经紫外线照射损伤后的细胞应答变化与修复机能减退的关系．     

PCR—SSCP检测肺癌细胞p53基因点突变

应用溴化乙锭（ＥＢ）染色的ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ技术对１０例非小细胞性肺癌组织标本ｐ５３基因外显子５￣８进行分析,其中１例在外显子５￣６;１例在外显子７;２例在外显子８发现异常电泳带。对１例经ＳＳＣＰ检测异常的ｐ５３基因进行核酸序列分析,发现第２８０位密码子ＡＣＡ,其编码的氨基酸由丝氨酸变成半胱氨酸。结果证实：非小细胞性肺癌与ｐ５３基因突变有关;ＥＢ法ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ技术是一种简便、可靠的点突变检测法。     

人原发性肝内胆管细胞癌中HCV RNA及其NS3区抗原的分布及意义

应用原位分子杂交及免疫组分方法,使用地高辛标记ＨＣＶ５’非编码区探针及抗ＨＣＶ ＮＳ３区Ｃ３３ｃ单克隆抗体,对３５例人原发性肝内胆管细胞癌（ＰＩＣ）和癌旁肝组织的ＨＣＶ ＲＮＡ及其ＮＳ３抗原进行检测结果发现ＨＣＶ ＲＮＡ在ＰＩＣ中的阳性率为８３％,ＨＣＶ ＲＮＡ定位于癌细胞浆中,个别病例并在淋巴细胞、肝窦内皮细胞和枯否氏细胞中发现阳性信号。ＨＣＶ ＮＳ３区Ｃ３３ｃ抗原在ＰＩＣ的阳性率为８９％,阳性     

眼镜蛇毒心脏毒素对人肺癌A549细胞株的遗传毒性研究

探讨蛇毒心脏毒素（ＣＴＸ）对人肺癌Ａ５４９细胞株的遗传毒性。方法应用眼镜蛇毒（ＣＴＸ）处理体外培养的人肺癌Ａ５４９细胞株,通过细胞生长速率、有丝分裂指数（ＭＩ）、细胞周期动力学指数（ＣＫＩ）、银染核仁组织区计数（ＡｇＮＯＲ）、姐妹染色单体交换（ＳＣＥ）频率、二倍体细胞比率的分析,观察ＣＴＸ所产生的遗传毒性作用。结果ＣＴＸ能明显抑制肺癌Ａ５４９细胞的ＤＮＡ复制过程和ｒＲＮＡ的合成,且随着浓度增大,癌细胞受抑制程度越大。用２ｍｇ／ＬＣＴＸ作用肺癌细胞后,ＳＣＥ频率比对照组明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０１）,但对照组和实验组出现的二倍体细胞比率差异不明显（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论眼镜蛇毒ＣＴＸ可抑制肺癌细胞的生长恶性程度,但使其恶性表型逆转的作用不明显。     

P~（53） PROTEIN OVEREXPRESSION IN PREMALIGNANT AND MALIGNANT LESIONS OF ORAL MUCOSA：IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL OBSERVATION

Ｐ~（５３）　ＰＲＯＴＥＩＮ　ＯＶＥＲＥＸＰＲＥＳＳＩＯＮ　ＩＮ　ＰＲＥＭＡＬＩＧＮＡＮＴ　ＡＮＤ　ＭＡＬＩＧＮＡＮＴ　ＬＥＳＩＯＮＳ　ＯＦ　ＯＲＡＬ　ＭＵＣＯＳＡ：ＩＭＭＵＮＯＨＩＳＴＯＣＨＥＭＩＣＡＬ　ＯＢＳＥＲＶＡＴＩＯＮＰ~（５３）ＰＲＯＴＥＩ...     

DMBA、垂体移植诱发性乳腺瘤内172~（Arg－Leu）突变型p53的特性及其与基因重排和扩增关系的研究

ｐ５３最早发现于ＳＶ４０转化的细胞系,后来几乎在所有不同类型的细胞内均检测到这种蛋白质,野生型Ｐ５８是一种有效的肿瘤抑制因子,但突变体ｐ５２可与ｒａｓ－肿瘤基因协同转化体外的腺代细胞,而且在肿瘤发生时常伴随有ｐ５３基因的突变。乳腺癌内,ｐ５３基因的突变率为４０％,并可见到某些肿瘤基因参与癌症的形成过程,暗示ｐ５３基因结构和功能的改变可能与这些基因的重排和扩增有关。本实验选择４种不同年龄的１７２~（Ａｒｇ－Ｌｅｕ）突变型ｐ５３转基因小鼠为受试动物,将同系动物的垂体腺植入小鼠的肾脏后,再以致癌剂ＤＭＢＡ处理,以使动物乳腺内的ｐ５３基因表达和诱导小鼠乳腺癌形成。从乳腺癌小鼠分别摘取乳腺组织,提取ＤＮＡ和ＲＮＡ,以Ｈ－ｒａｓ、ＰＣＮＡ、ＣｙｌｉｎＤ１、ｐ５３基因的ＤＮＡ片段作为特异性核酸探针,进行ＳｏｕｔｈｅｒｍＢｌｏｔｔｉｎｇ和ＮｏｒｔｈｅｒｎＢｌｏｔｔｉｎｇ分析,以检测在突变体Ｐ５３表达的情况下,ＰＣＮＡ、Ｈ－ｒａｓ、ＣｙｉｎＤ１等基因在体内的变化规律。实验发现,在４组不同的受试动物中,其乳腺癌细胞的ＰＣＮＡ和Ｈ－ｒａｓ两种基因发生了基因重排,特征是其ＤＮＡ标本中分别出现了一条很强的额外杂交带,但对照动物乳腺该类     

Mutations in p53 cDNA sequence introduced by retroviral vector

The high mutation rates of retroviruses are a potential problem with retroviral vectors. We studied the mutation rates and spectra of p53 sequences transduced with a retroviral vector in a cancer gene therapy model. When p53-deficient H358 non-small cell lung cancer cells were treated with a retroviral vector carrying normal p53 cDNA, most of transduced cells were killed by apoptosis. However, a small number of clones escaped p53-mediated apoptosis. We examined the p53 cDNA structure in these resistant clones. PCR-based analysis showed that 88/102 clones had detectable mutations in p53, including gross rearrangements, deletions/insertions, and base substitutions. To study the mutation rate of the p53 sequence in all transduced clones, the retroviral vector containing the non-functional p53 gene and the Neo-resistant marker gene was introduced into H358 cells. Only one of 95 isolated clones showed a base substitution. These results indicate that the mutation rate of p53 is not particularly high, but there is a significant risk that cancer cells will resist p53 gene therapy as a result of retroviral replication errors.     

Adenoviral Bid overexpression induces caspase-dependent cleavage of truncated Bid and p53-independent apoptosis in human non-small cell lung cancers

Proapoptotic gene transfer to promote death or to augment killing by DNA-damaging agents represents a promising strategy for cancer therapy. We have constructed an adenoviral Tet-Off trade mark vector with tightly controlled expression of Bid (Ad-Bid) (Clontech, Palo Alto, CA). Using the non-small cell lung cancer cell lines H460, H358, and A549, low dose Ad-Bid was shown to induce high levels of full-length Bid as well as caspase-3 and -9 activity. Although only a small fraction of Bid was processed to truncated Bid (a step inhibited by benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethyl ketone), Ad-Bid gene transfer resulted in mitochondrial changes consistent with apoptosis (mitochondrial depolarization, cytochrome c release), DNA fragmentation, and a dramatic loss of cell viability. The proapoptotic effects of Ad-Bid were independent of p53 status and were augmented markedly by caspase-8 activators such as the DNA-damaging agent cisplatin. When Ad-Bid and cisplatin were used together, chemosensitivity was restored in p53-null H358 cells, increasing death from 35% following treatment with cisplatin and Ad-LacZ to >90% death with Ad-Bid and cisplatin (Ad-Bid alone induced 50% cell death under these conditions). Ad-Bid can induce apoptosis in malignant cells and enhance chemosensitivity in the absence of p53, suggesting this approach as a potential cancer therapy.     

野生型P53、P16基因协同对肺腺癌细胞系生长抑制作用的研究

为了探讨野生型P53基因及P16基因在恶性肿瘤基因治疗中的作用,用腺病毒为载体将野生型P53基因转入高、低转移的肺腺癌细胞系Anip973、AGZY83-a和经野生型P16基因质粒转染的高、低转移肺腺癌细胞系Anip973（Anip973P16）、AGZY83-a（AGZY83-aP16）。对各组转染细胞进行生长曲线、MTT生长抑制率、原位末端标记、Western-blotting等技术检测分析。结果发现（1）野生型P53蛋白的过表达对上述肺腺癌细胞系均呈现出较强的生长抑制作用。（2）野生型P53蛋白的过表达对高转移肺癌细胞系Anip973的抑制作用明显高于低转移细胞系AGZY83-a。（3）野生型p53蛋白的过表达对经野生型P16基因转染的高、低转移的肺癌细胞Anip973、AGZY83-a抑制作用明显高于未经P16基因转染的细胞。野生型P53基因可以作为肺腺癌基因治疗的候选基因。肿瘤抑制基因P53、P16的联合转染可能是对肺腺癌进行基因治疗的有效手段。 Abstract：To investigate the suppression effect of tumor suppressor genes in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines,we transferred a pair of lung adenocarcinoma cell lines with different metastasis potential,Anip973(High-metastasis potential cell line) and AGZY83-a (Low-metastasis potential cell line)and this pair of cell lines transfected with P16 gene:AGZY83-a P16 and Anip973 P16 with wild type P53 gene with adenovirus vector.The suppression effects of P53 gene were evaluated by cell growth curve,MTT,western-blotting analysis and TUNEL technique.Overexpression of wild-type P53 gene in AGZY83-a,Anip973,Anip973 P16 and AGZY83-a P16 inhibited the growth of these four kinds of lung cancer cells and induced apoptosis of the cells.The suppression effect of P53 gene in Anip973 and Anip973 P16 was higher than AGZY83-a and AGZY83-a P16 while co-expression of P53 and　P16 in this pair of cell lines inhibited the cells more efficiently comparing with the expression of P53 alone.Wild-type P53 gene might act as a candidate gene in lung adenocarcinoma gene therapy while co-transfection of P53 and P16 genes was a more effective method.     

A benzoxazine derivative specifically inhibits cell cycle progression in p53-wild type pulmonary adenocarcinoma cells

A fundamental aspect of cancer development is cancer cell proliferation. Seeking for chemical agents that can interfere with cancer cell growth has been of great interest over the years. In our study, we found that a benzoxazine derivative, (6-tert-butyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-3-yl) methanol (TBM), could inhibit cell growth and caused significant cell cycle arrest in pulmonary adenocarcinoma A549 and H460 cells with wild-type p53, while not affecting the cell cycle distribution in p53-deleted H1299 lung adenocarcinoma cells. Since P53 plays an important role in regulating cell cycle progression, we analyzed the protein level of p53 by Western blot, and detected a significant elevation of p53 level after TBM treatment in A549 and H460 cells. The data suggested that TBM might specifically inhibit the proliferation of p53 wild-type lung adenocarcinoma cells through a p53-dependent cell cycle control pathway. More interestingly, results indicated that TBM might serve as a useful tool for studying the molecular mechanisms of lung cancer cell growth and cell cycle control, especially for the biologic process regulated by P53.     

Dihydroberberine exhibits synergistic effects with sunitinib on NSCLC NCI‐H460 cells by repressing MAP kinase pathways and inflammatory mediators

Highly effective and attenuated dose schedules are good regimens for drug research and development. Combination chemotherapy is a good strategy in cancer therapy. We evaluated the antitumour effects of dihydroberberine combined with sunitinib (DCS) on the human non‐small cell lung cancer cell lines (NSCLC), A549, NCI‐H460, and NCI‐H1299 in vitro and in vivo. DCS showed synergic effects on NCI‐H460 cell proliferation, colony formation and transplantable tumour growth, which suggested dihydroberberine increases the sensitivity of lung carcinoma to sunitinib. Further studies indicated that DCS down‐regulated phosphorylation of JNK, p38, and NF‐κB in NCI‐H460 cells and tumours and suppressed the IκB and COX‐2 expression. In addition, DCS reduced the secretion of the pro‐inflammatory cytokine, interleukin‐1 (IL‐1), in tumours. Inhibition of p38 activation by DCS was a likely contributing factor in IL‐1 and COX‐2 down‐regulation. Consistent with these results, a genomewide microarray analysis found that DCS induced the expression of cell cycle signal molecules that are known to be affected by JNK and p38. The change of cell cycle, in turn, led to down‐regulation of JNK and p38, and further reduced IL‐1 secretion. Collectively, these findings highlight potential molecular mechanisms of DCS chemotherapeutic activity and suggest that DCS is an efficacious strategy in NSCLC therapy.     

Inhibition of apoptosis by amphiregulin via an insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor-dependent pathway in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines

Several abnormalities in the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) and erbB receptors pathways stimulate the growth and survival of lung cancer cells, but their mechanisms of action and cooperation are poorly understood. In this report, we have identified a new mechanism of apoptosis inhibition by amphiregulin through an IGF1-dependent survival pathway in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells: amphiregulin activates the IGF1 receptor that in turn induces the secretion of amphiregulin and IGF1. In the absence of serum, the NSCLC cell line H358 resists apoptosis and secretes factors protecting the NSCLC cell line H322 from serum deprivation apoptosis. IGF1 receptor inhibitor AG1024 as well as epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors AG556 and ZD1839 restore apoptosis in H322 cells cultured in H358-conditioned medium. Accordingly, the anti-apoptotic activity of H358-conditioned medium is completely abolished after incubation with anti-amphiregulin neutralizing antibody and only partially with anti-IGF1 neutralizing antibody. H358-conditioned medium and amphiregulin induce IGF1 receptor phosphorylation in H322 cells, which is prevented by anti-amphiregulin neutralizing antibody but not by AG556 or ZD1839. H358 cells secrete a high level of amphiregulin that, in combination with IGF1, prevents serum deprivation apoptosis. Finally, IGF1 receptor inhibitor blocks amphiregulin and IGF1 release by H358 cells.     

Aspirin boosts the synergistic effect of EGFR/p53 inhibitors on lung cancer cells by regulating AKT/mTOR and p53 pathways

The regimen of afatinib and vinorelbine has been used to treat breast or lung cancer cells with some limitations. Aspirin alone or in combination with other agents has shown unique efficacy in the treatment of cancer. We designed a preclinical study to investigate whether the triple therapy of aspirin, afatinib, and vinorelbine could synergistically inhibit the growth of p53 wild-type nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Three NSCLC cells A549, H460, and H1975 were selected to study the effect of triple therapy on cell proliferation and apoptosis. Compared to single agents, triple therapy synergistically inhibited the proliferation of lung cancer cells with combination index <1. Meanwhile, the therapeutic index of triple therapy was superior to that of single agents, indicating a balance between efficacy and safety in the combination of three agents. Mechanistic studies showed that triple therapy significantly induced apoptosis by decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential, increasing reactive oxygen species, and regulating mitochondria-related proteins. Moreover, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) downstream signaling proteins including JNK, AKT, and mTOR were dramatically suppressed and p53 was substantially increased after NSCLC cells were exposed to the triple therapy. We provided evidence that the triple therapy of aspirin, afatinib and vinorelbine synergistically inhibited lung cancer cell growth through inactivation of the EGFR/AKT/mTOR pathway and accumulation of p53, providing a new treatment strategy for patients with p53 wild-type NSCLC.     

Ras association domain family 1C protein stimulates human lung cancer cell proliferation

Recently, the Ras association domain family 1 gene (RASSF1) has been identified as a Ras effector encoding two major mRNA forms, RASSF1A and RASSF1C, derived by alternative promoter selection and alternative mRNA splicing. RASSF1A is a tumor suppressor gene. However, the function of RASSF1C, both in normal and cancer cells, is still unknown. To learn more about the function of RASSF1C in human cancer cells, we tested the effect of silencing RASSF1C mRNA with small interfering RNA on lung cancer cells (NCI H1299) that express RASSF1C but not RASSF1A. Small interfering RNA specific for RASSF1C reduced RASSF1C mRNA levels compared with controls. This reduction in RASSF1C expression caused a significant decrease in lung cancer cell proliferation. Furthermore, overexpression of RASSF1C increased cell proliferation in lung cancer cells. Finally, we found that RASSF1C, unlike RASSF1A, does not upregulate N-cadherin 2 and transglutaminase 2 protein expression in NCI H1299 lung cancer cells. This suggests that RASSF1C and RASSF1A have different effector targets. Together, our findings suggest that RASSF1C, unlike RASSF1A, is not a tumor suppressor but rather stimulates lung cancer cell proliferation.     

The mechanism involved in the loss of PTEN expression in NSCLC tumor cells

Loss of PTEN expression is observed in most non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). However, the mechanism by which PTEN expression is regulated in NSCLC has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the role of DNA methyltransferases (Dnmts), microRNA-29b (miR-29b), and anti-miR-29b inhibitor in PTEN promoter methylation and PTEN gene expression in H358 NSCLC cells in vitro and in vivo. PTEN mRNA was measured by RT-PCR. PTEN and Dnmts protein levels were measured by Western blot. miR-29b expression was detected by Northern blot. A xenograft H358 tumor mouse model was established by subcutaneously inoculating H358 cells into the right hind limbs of nude mice. We found that radiation induced cell apoptosis and hypomethylation in PTEN promoter, PTEN and miR-29b expression, and downregulation of Dnmt1, 3a and 3b expression in H358 tumor cells. The effect of radiation on gene expression and apoptosis was blocked by anti-miR-29b inhibitor. In the xenograft H358 tumor model, anti-miR-29b inhibitor reversed radiation-induced tumor growth delay, PTEN reexpression and downregulation of Dnmts expression. Our study suggested that miR-29b is an upstream molecule of PTEN. miR-29b regulates PTEN gene expression through downregulating Dnmts expression and subsequently induces hypomethylation in PTEN promoter. Targeting therapy could be established in NSCLC by upregulating miR-29b expression.