O型孕妇产前IgG血型抗体效价与新生儿溶血病的相关性

目的:探讨O型孕妇产前IgG血型抗体效价与新生儿溶血病(HDN)的相关性。方法:选择2013年1月至2015年12月期间,在我院分娩的夫妻ABO血型不合的O型Rh(D)阳性孕妇432例及新生儿为研究对象,观察孕妇血清IgG抗体效价情况,新生儿HDN发病情况,并分析二者相关性。结果:432例孕妇中血清IgG抗A(B)效价大于或等于1:64的有189例,占43.75%,随IgG抗A(B)效价升高,孕妇比例逐渐减少。随孕次增加,孕妇血清IgG抗A(B)效价逐渐增高,各组孕妇血清IgG抗A(B)效价比较有统计学差异(P0.05)。随年龄增加,孕妇血清IgG抗A(B)效价逐渐增高,各组孕妇血清IgG抗A(B)效价比较有统计学差异(P0.05)。随IgG抗A(B)效价升高,HDN发生率显著升高,各组比较有统计学差异(P0.05)。等级相关检验显示,孕妇血清IgG抗A(B)与HDN发生呈正相关(r=0.732,P0.05)。结论:O型孕妇产前IgG血型抗体是引起HDN的主要原因,其水平与HDN呈正相关,值得临床重视。     

新生儿ABO 溶血病相关危险因素的临床分析

目的:分析新生儿ABO溶血病的临床相关危险因素,提高对新生儿ABO溶血病的防治水平。方法:选择ABO血型不合的孕妇433例,根据以上产妇产前IgG抗A(B)效价、产妇妊娠次数和产妇年龄分别分组,分析各组产妇间发生新生儿溶血病(HDN)的差异及临床相关性。结果:产妇产前IgG抗A(B)效价、产妇妊娠次数和产妇年龄均与HDN发生率呈正相关性(P<0.05);IgG抗A(B)效价>256时,HDN发生率将显著提高(P<0.01);产妇妊娠次数和年龄增加后,HDN发生率将显著增加(P<0.01)。结论:夫妻血型不合的产妇进行产前保健时,应进行IgG抗A(B)效价检查,当IgG抗A(B)效价>64或IgG抗A(B)效价进行性增加时,应及早做好HDN的干预措施;通过减少意外妊娠及高龄产妇数量,可减少HDN的发生。     

O型孕妇ABO同种异体免疫型IG抗体效价的分析

目的:检测O型孕妇血清ABO同种异体免疫型IG抗体效价.方法:将1204例O型孕早期孕妇按照其夫的血型分为四组,即O-A、O-B、O-AB-A、O-AB-B,用微柱凝胶法抗人球蛋白试验分别测定抗体效价;同时从中随机选择304例抗体效价≤ 1:64的孕妇定期检测.结果:在O-A、O-B组中及O-AB组中抗A及抗BIgG抗体效价>64的病例分别占29.88%,19.92%,20.00%及18.18%,各血型组合均有发生新生儿溶血病的可能性,差异无显著性(P>0.05);部分抗体效价低于1:64的孕妇在孕后期效价上升,与孕早期比较差别有统计学意义(t=2.271,P<0.05),且随孕周增大而上升(r=0.979,t=8.293,P<0.05).结论:常规对孕妇血清血型抗体IgG效价进行检测有助于有助于诊断新生儿溶血病(hemolytic disease of the newborn,HDN),指导临床干预措施,尤其应该注重低抗体效价孕妇的定期检测.     

1939例ABO血型系统新生儿溶血病的血型分布

目的：探讨在母婴ABO血型不合引起的新生儿溶血病（HDN）中的血型分布。方法：对临床表现怀疑为HDN的1939例新生儿进行血清学试验检测,包括新生儿红细胞直接抗人球蛋白试验,红细胞抗体释放试验和游离抗体试验,同时检测母亲ABO血型和RhD血型。结果：1939例婴儿母亲血型均为O型RhD阳性。A型血新生儿818例,其中直接抗人球蛋白试验阳性率17.2%（141/818）,红细胞抗体释放试验阳性率89.2%（730/818）。B型血婴儿1121例,其中直接抗人球蛋白试验阳性率10.9%（121/1121）,红细胞抗体释放试验阳性率78.6%（881/1121）。结论：ABO血型不合引起的HDN中,A型新生儿比B型新生儿患病几率更大。     

茵陈蒿汤联合西药治疗母儿ABO血型不合疗效分析

目的：评价中西药结合治疗对母儿ABO血型不合的疗效以及新生儿溶血发生与孕次关系的探讨。方法：对314例抗体滴度≥l：64的ABO母儿血型不合孕妇（20-45岁）进行研究,其中246例孕期给予以中西药结合治疗（茵陈蒿汤联合25%葡萄糖液、维生素C、维生素E、苯巴比妥）,68例作为对照,观察孕妇IgG抗A/B抗体效价变化及新生儿溶血发生情况。结果：治疗组抗体效价降低与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,治疗组新生儿溶血发生率与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。孕次越大,新生儿溶血的发生率越高。结论：中西药结合治疗对降低孕妇IgG抗A/B效价及防治新生儿溶血疗效满意,新生儿溶血发生可能与孕次呈正相关。     

血型的分子基础

本文仅就ABO、MN和HLA等血型的结构和功能进行扼要介绍。 (一)ABO血型系统 ABO血型系统又可分为A、B、AB和O型等四种血型。红细胞含A抗原和H抗原的叫做A型,A型的人血清中含有抗B抗体;红细胞含B抗原和H抗原的叫做B型,B型的人血清中含有抗A抗体;红细胞含A抗原、B抗原和H抗原,叫做AB型,这种血型的人血清中没有抗A抗体和抗B抗体;红细胞只有H抗原,叫做O型,O型的人血清中含有抗A抗体和抗B抗体。     

免疫磁珠技术分离唾液A/B血型抗原并用于吸附血清A/B抗体

目的:应用免疫磁珠分离技术获得具有良好抗原性的A/B血型抗原,并探究其作为ABO血型抗体吸附剂去除A/B抗体的可行性。方法:将含有血型物质的唾液进行预处理,再与包被了抗体的磁珠混合,分离出纯度较高的A/B抗原,运用酶联免疫及凝集抑制试验验证所得抗原的抗原性及是否存在交叉反应。用未纯化A/B抗原和纯化A/B抗原包被磁珠,对含有抗A/B IgM、IgG的血清进行抗体吸附,用纯化A/B抗原对100份来自O型血孕妇的临床血清样本进行抗体吸附,分别评价其吸附效果。结果:纯化抗原与对应抗体反应后,其吸光度显著高于对照组(A抗原与A抗体0.85±0.12 vs.0.27±0.03,P0.01;B抗原与B抗体0.86±0.09 vs.0.24±0.06,P0.01),与其它类型抗体反应后的吸光度值与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。进行红细胞凝集抑制试验时,纯化抗原可显著抑制相应抗体与红细胞的凝集反应,对其它类型抗体与红细胞的凝集没有抑制作用。血清抗体吸附实验表明纯化抗原的吸附效率比未纯化抗原的高(97.00%vs.88.00%,P0.001)。临床样本抗体吸附实验显示,纯化A抗原对抗A IgM/IgG的吸附效率分别为96.88%、98.44%;纯化B抗原对抗B IgM/IgG的吸附效率分别为96.88%、98.44%。结论:磁珠纯化抗原能特异性地与对应抗体结合,有效吸附血清中的血型抗体,有望作为合成A/B抗原的替代品。     

襄阳市汉族大学生群体ABO血型调查与分析

为了解襄阳市汉族大学生群体ABO血型分布情况,应用标准血清玻片法测定ABO血型,并与其他地区汉族大学生群体ABO血型分布相比较。结果:襄阳市汉族大学生ABO血型分布频率A型占30.04%,B型占27.25%,O型占31.12%,AB型占11.59%,A、B、O基因频率p、q、r分别为0.2346、0.2167和0.5487。男、女生之间差异无统计学意义(Χ~2=1.77,P0.05),但和河南、山东菏泽地区汉族大学生群体ABO血型分布差异有统计学意义(Χ~2=39.89,P0.05)。结论:襄阳汉族大学生ABO血型分布特征OABAB;不同地区的汉族大学生群体ABO血型分布不同;血型分布特征与性别无关。     

ABO血型正反定型及交叉配血实验在外科病人手术输血中应用

目的:探讨ABO血型正反定型及交叉配血实验在外科手术患者输血中的应用效果及影响因素。方法:选取我院自2017年2月-2019年2月收治的80例行ABO正反定型与交叉配血治疗的外科手术患者,记录ABO反定型与交叉配血不合的标本,使用2-Me处理被患者自身冷抗体凝集的红细胞,同时使用微柱凝胶法、凝聚胺法对血型不规则抗体以及特异性进行筛选和鉴定。分析ABO血型反定型不符合以及交叉配血不合的影响因素。结果:对正反定型完全无凝集反应的80例血清标本进行交叉配血实验,其中8例存在凝集反应,配血不合情况;导致外科手术患者输血中ABO血型反定型不符交叉配血不合的主要因素包括自身冷抗体、血型抗原性减弱、血型不规则抗体以及血型抗体效价减弱等。结论:ABO血型正反定型及交叉配血治疗中的患者中,大部分配血一致,少数的交叉配血不合,主要与自身冷抗体、血型抗原性减弱、血型不规则抗体以及血型抗体效价减弱等因素相关。     

应用改良流式法检测猕猴和食蟹猴体内血型抗体水平的分布情况

绝大部分灵长类动物存在与人类相似的ABO血型系统,该研究采用改良流式法(flow cytometry method,FCM)检测猕猴及食蟹猴血清中血型抗体水平的分布情况。以流式细胞术为基础,使用商品化人源红细胞为靶细胞,并通过加入特异性荧光标记的抗人IgM或IgG二抗,对收集的实验用猕猴及食蟹猴的血清样本进行检测,以人类健康受试者的血清样本为对照,比较两者血型抗体水平的差异。结果显示:预先用人O型浓缩红细胞吸附猴血清中所含种属间非特异性抗体后,FCM法能够准确检测其血型抗体水平及分型,并且发现猴血清中天然血型抗体的水平明显低于健康人(P<0.05)。由此得出:通过预处理清除非特异性抗体的干扰后,FCM法同样适用于灵长类动物血清中血型抗体的检测,也为构建灵长类动物模拟人ABO血型不合器官移植模型提供了技术保障和实验数据。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.