感受态细胞制备与保存方法的比较研究

目的 :确立一个能制备高转化率感受态细胞并长期维持其感受性的实验方案。方法 :比较CaCl2 法、TSS法、超高效法制备感受态细胞的效果 ,选用三者中较好的方法进一步探讨不同生长期 (OD值 0 .2～ 1.1)的细菌对制备感受态细胞的影响 ,并分别比较了不同冷冻保护剂 (7%DMSO ,10 %甘油 )于 - 2 0℃、- 80℃冰箱保存感受态细胞的效果。结果 :三种方法获得的感受态细胞转化率差异极显著 (P <0 .0 1)。采用超高效法 ,OD值为 0 .36 (或 0 .5 8)时收集菌体可获得 1.1× 10 8的高转化率的感受态细胞 ,以 7%的DMSO为冷冻保护剂保存感受态细胞可维持 10 7以上的转化率 4 0d以上     

人胚胎干细胞程序降温保存的实验研究

本文采用升降式程序降温仪对人胚胎于细胞进行了程序降温保存,并探讨和比较了降温速率、置核温度、保护剂和投入液氮前温度对冻存复苏后胚胎干细胞的存活率、活力及分化特性的影响。结果表明:采用Me_2SO 血清 DMEM(体积比为1∶3∶6)的保护剂,从0℃开始,以0.5℃/min的速率对细胞悬液降温;至-10℃时对其进行置核,并于-35℃时将其快速投入液氮中保存,复温后效果最佳。冻存复温后细胞存活率可达81.8%,复苏后的胚胎干细胞形态和集落生长方式都与冻前的生长形态相同,且胚胎干细胞标志之一碱性磷酸酶(AKP)反应阳性,同时染色体组型仍正常。     

羟乙基淀粉沉淀(HES)法分离脐血造血干细胞的临床优势分析

目的:探讨羟乙基淀粉沉淀(HES)法分离脐血单个核细胞(MNCs)的效果。方法:采集脐血31份,应用羟乙基淀粉(HES)沉淀飞和密度离心(Ficoll)法分离脐血MNCs,、纯化CD3+细胞、CD14+细胞、CD34+细胞,以台盼蓝拒染法检测细胞活力。结果:HES法MNCs回收率、CFU-GM计数高于Ficoll法(85.29±3.79 VS 47.06±4.61,t=35.67,P0.05;67.31±11.57/l×105MNCs VS28.54±6.39/l×105MNCs,t=16.33,P0.05);HES法分离的MNCs中CD3+、CD14+、CD34+细胞数均高于Ficoll法(t=5.76,t=2.51,t=6.67,P0.05)。结论:HES法分离MNCs可获得较好的回收率,是人脐血干细胞理想的分离方法。     

两种不同密度分离液分离的脐血CD34+、CD34-细胞造血活性比较

目的:比较两种不同密度的ficoll-泛影葡胺分离造血干细胞群的效果,找出更适合分离脐血造血干、祖细胞的分离密度,为脐血造血干细胞的医学研究及临床应用提供一定依据。方法:采集脐血6份,根据密度梯度离心法,用质量分数为(1.068±0.001)g/m L、(1.077±0.001)g/m L ficoll-泛影葡胺分离液等量分离同一份脐血,分别计数这两种分离液的单个核细胞获得率及细胞存活率,得到的单个核细胞再分别经免疫磁珠分选法获得高纯度的CD34~+细胞及除去了CD34~+的单个核细胞(CD34~(-depleted) MNCs),统计分析这两种不同密度分离液获得的CD34~+细胞、CD34~(-depleted)MNCs在甲基纤维素中形成CFU-GM集落数。结果:1(1.068±0.001)g/m L、(1.077±0.001)g/m L两种分离液分离的单个核细胞平均密度分别为(1.52±1.0)×10~6个/m L、(2.84±0.98)×10~6个/m L,(P0.05);经免疫磁珠纯化后的CD34~+细胞占单个核细胞(MNCs)的比率分别是(1.26±0.47)%、(1.07±0.15)%,(P0.05);2(1.068±0.001)g/m L分离的单个核细胞经免疫磁珠纯化后1.5×10~3个CD34~+细胞形成CFU-GM的集落(140.5±14.5)显著多于(1.077±0.001)g/m L的集落数(118.3±13.8)(P0.05);(1.068±0.001)g/m L分离的5×10~4个CD34~(-depleted) MNCs形成的CFU-GM集落数(132.0±5.1)也显著多于(1.077±0.001)g/m L的集落数(101.3±9.4),(P0.05)。结论:与1.077 g/m L Ficoll相比,1.068g/m L Ficoll-泛影葡胺分离液分离的单个核细胞中的CD34~+、CD34~-细胞造血活性更强,更适合用来分离脐血中造血干细胞群。     

人胚胎干细胞程序降温保存的实验研究

本文采用升降式程序降温仪对人胚胎干细胞进行了程序降温保存,并探讨和比较了降温速率、置核温度、保护剂和投入液氮前温度对冻存复苏后胚胎干细胞的存活率、活力及分化特性的影响。结果表明：采用Me2SO 血清 DMEM(体积比为1：3：6)的保护剂,从0℃开始,以0．5℃／min的速率对细胞悬液降温;至-10℃时对其进行置核,并于-35℃时将其快速投入液氮中保存,复温后效果最佳。冻存复温后细胞存活率可达81．8％,复苏后的胚胎干细胞形态和集落生长方式都与冻前的生长形态相同,且胚胎干细胞标志之一碱性磷酸酶(AKP)反应阳性,同时染色体组型仍正常。     

雨生红球藻FACHB-712营养细胞和厚壁孢子低温保藏效果及优化

以高产虾青素的雨生红球藻（Haematococcus pluvialis Flotow）FACHB-712藻株为材料,研究2种细胞形态（营养细胞和厚壁孢子）在低温保藏下的复苏率及其差异原因。结果显示,采用两步法（先预冻降温后再投入液氮中）冻存其营养细胞,在不同冻存条件下,其存活率均低于5%,以10%甘油作为保护剂、冻存速率为0.5℃/min、预冻温度为-40℃、保留30 min,然后再投入液氮罐（-196℃）中保藏,其存活率可达到13.3%。采用两步法冻存厚壁孢子,其复苏存活率高达66.13%,复苏萌发后细胞的生长特性、虾青素含量与液氮保藏前无明显差异（P > 0.05）。对液氮保藏前后藻细胞形态和超微结构观察结果表明,超低温保藏后,营养细胞的结构受到较大损伤,而厚壁孢子受到的损伤相对较小。当添加不同保护剂后,直接将厚壁孢子分别冻存在-20℃、-80℃低温及液氮中,发现-80℃低温冻存处理组的复苏存活率相对较高,可达27%。研究表明采用两步法先预冻降温后再投入液氮中冻存厚壁孢子,是长期保藏雨生红球藻FACHB-712的最佳方法,也可采用一步法将厚壁孢子冻存于-80℃冰箱中。     

红豆草组织培养物的超低温保存及其超微结构的观察

红豆草(Onobrychis viciaefolia Scop.)组织培养物在5%DMSO+10%甘油+8%蔗糖的冰冻保护剂及以1℃/分钟的速度降温到-35—-40℃,停留2小时后,投入液氮,40℃水浴快速化冻等条件下,存活率达60—70%,并保持了高的分化能力。电子显微镜的观察结果表明,快速冰冻和1℃/分钟慢速冰冻至-35℃—40℃不停留,对细胞结构造成严重的致死性破坏;-35℃停留30分钟对细胞结构的损伤是可逆性的;停留2小时的其超微结构基本上与对照材料无明显差别。     

远红外线对造血干/祖细胞生物学特性的影响

目的:了解远红外线对造血细胞增殖和定向分化的影响.方法:应用体外小鼠骨髓细胞培养技术,观察远红外线对拉-单祖细胞(CFU-GM),红系祖细胞(CFU-E)和成纤维细胞(CFU-F)增殖和分化的影响,并且利用免疫荧光纳米粒子(1FNB)检测靶细胞表面分化抗原(CD),进一步评佑远红外线对造血干/祖细胞的影响.结果:远红外线在37℃条件下照射时CFU-E、CFU-F和CFU-GM生成有促进作用,小鼠骨髓细胞表面标记有变化,靶细胞经2min照射后,增殖最旺盛.2min组与其它实验组(1min,5min,10min)数据经统计学处理,具有差异性(P均<0.05).结论:远红外线时小鼠骨髓造血干/祖细胞的增殖具有正调节作用并可诱导细胞表面标志改变.     

酒酒球菌液氮超低温保存

【目地】为安全、长期的保藏酒酒球菌,本文研究了菌体生长时间、冷冻方法、解冻温度、菌密度以及保护剂等对酒酒球菌细胞冷冻存活率的影响,找到最优液氮超低温保存方法。【方法】采用平板计数法测定冷冻存活率。【结果】实验结果表明酒酒球菌的最佳保存方法为:首先在稳定期前期离心收集菌体;其次加入保护剂(20 g/L酵母浸提物,40V/V甘油,20 g/L蔗糖,30 g/L谷氨酸钠)稀释菌体,使菌密度为109CFU/mL;然后直接投入液氮冷冻;最后在37℃温水浴中迅速解冻。保存6个月后,其中21株酒酒球菌的冷冻存活率达到99%以上。【结论】初步研究表明酵母浸提物,甘油,蔗糖,谷氨酸钠复合保护剂对酒酒球菌的保护效果较好,液氮超低温保存可用于酒酒球菌的长期保存。     

小鼠胚胎干细胞定向血管内皮和造血细胞分化体系的建立

目的:建立小鼠胚胎干细胞体外定向分化为血管内皮细胞和造血细胞的体系,并验证诱导后2种细胞的表面分子特征。方法:以小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞为饲养层,首先在无血清培养基StemPro中加入骨形态发生蛋白4(BMP4)、激活素A、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(FGF-Basic)和血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF),诱导小鼠胚胎干细胞系R1/E 4 d后形成拟胚体;再将拟胚体消化后与OP9-DL1基质细胞共孵育,分别用干细胞因子(SCF)、VEGF和SCF、FLt3、白细胞介素3(IL-3)诱导向内皮和造血2个方向分化,并以CD31、CD45、CD144、Kit、CD201作为表面标志,流式检测诱导后细胞的表面分子特征和诱导效率;诱导10 d后免疫组化染色,进行内皮细胞的形态学鉴定。结果:诱导分化10 d后,免疫组化染色观察到多个内皮管状结构,流式检测CD31^+的内皮细胞比例为1.35%±0.05%,进一步分析CD31^+CD144^+CD45^-群体,有3.0%±0.2%的细胞表型为Kit^+CD201^+,提示该部分细胞可能是处于分化上游的内皮干祖细胞;CD45^+的造血细胞比例为35.0%±0.5%,其中0.35%±0.05%的细胞表达Kit和CD201,提示该部分细胞可能是处于分化上游的造血干祖细胞。结论:本研究将胚胎干细胞诱导为内皮细胞和造血细胞,并且能诱导出具有内皮、造血干祖细胞分子特征的细胞,可作为理想的体外诱导分化体系。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细