金铁锁根中的环肽成分

从云南民间重要的药用植物金铁锁（Ｐｓａｍｍｏｓｉｌｅｎｅ ｔｕｎｉｃｏｉｄｅｓ Ｗ．Ｃ．Ｗｕ ｅｔ Ｃ．Ｙ．Ｗｕ）的根中分离得到２个新的天然环二肽以及２个新的环八肽：金铁锁环肽Ａ和Ｂ（ｐｓａｍｍｏｓｉｌｅｎｉｎｓ Ａ ａｎｄ Ｂ）。它们的结构经光谱方法鉴定为ｃｙｃｌｏ（－Ａｌａ－Ａｌａ－）,ｃｙｃｌｏ（－Ｖａｌ－Ａｌａ－）,ｃｙｃｌｏ（－Ｐｒｏ１－Ｐｈｅ１－Ｐｒｏ２－Ｐｈｅ２－Ｐｈｅ３－Ａｌａ－ｐ     

黑鹳人工孵化研究

黑鹳人工孵化研究ＴＨＥＳＴＵＤＩＥＳＯＦＡＲＴＩＦＩＣＩＡＬＩＮＣＵＢＡＴＩＯＮＦＯＲＢＬＡＣＫＳＴＯＲＫ关键词黑鹳,人工孵化,卵失重率ＫｅｙｗｏｒｄｓＢｌａｃｋＳｔｏｒｋ,Ａｒｔｉｆｉｃｉａｌｉｎｃｕｂａｔｉｏｎ,Ｅｇｇｗｅｉｇｈｔｌｏｓｒａｔｅ中...     

利用杆状病毒在昆虫细胞内表达

苏云金杆菌以色列亚种（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓｔｈｕｒｉｎｇｉｅｎｓｉｓｖａｒｉｓｒａｅｌｅｎｓｉｓ）的分子量为２７ｋＤ的δ－内毒素蛋白基因,与一个拷贝杆状病毒ｇｐ６７信号肽基因连接后,被插入苜蓿银纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒（ＡｃＭＮＰＶ）基因组。在筛选出的３种不同的重组病毒株ＡｃＢＴＩ５－１、ＡｃＢＴＩ５－３和ＡｃＢＴＩ６－３中,前两种表现为多角体阳性,后者为多角体阴性,ＡｃＢＴＩ５－１和ＡｃＢＴＩ６－３在Ｓｆ细胞中表达产生分子量为２６～３０．５ｋＤ的４种与２７ｋＤδ－内毒素蛋白有关的多肽。在ＡｃＢＴＩ５－３感染的细胞中未检测出类似的多肽。粉纹夜蛾在吃了涂有ＡｃＢＴＩ５－１感染的细胞收集物的饲料后,表现典型的苏云金杆菌δ－内毒素中毒症状。被ＡｃＢＴＩ５－１感染的粉纹夜蛾幼虫血淋巴与２７ｋＤδ－内毒素蛋白抗血清呈阳性反应。     

广东小良试验站降雨径流关系的一个黑箱模型

广东小良试验站降雨径流关系的一个黑箱模型周国逸,余作岳,彭少麟（中国科学院华南植物研究所广州５１０６５０）ＡＢｌａｃｋＢｏｘＭｏｄｅｌｏｆＲａｉｎｆａｌｌ－ＳｕｒｆａｃｅＦｌｏｗＲｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｋｉｐｉｎＸｉａｏｌｉａｎｇＥｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｌＳ...     

MHC Class Ib grc—G／C基因的研究进展

ＭＨＣ的ｃｌａｓｓ基因,可分为经典的ｃｌａｓｓ Ｉ和非经典的ｃｌａｓｓＩ,后者称ｃｌａｓｓ Ｉｂ。ｃｌｓｓ Ｉ与β／β Ｔ细胞相关在细胞表面高密度表达,ｃｌａｓｓ Ｉｂ在细胞表面弱表达,其功能尚不清楚,ｃｌａｓｓ Ｉｂ的基因区域中含有一个ｇｒｃ区域,ｇｒｃ基因的ｒｃｃ,ｆｔ,ｄｗ－３三组基因组成。     

α—淀粉酶成熟蛋白N—端氨基酸序列变化对蛋白分泌的影响

从地衣芽孢杆菌（Ｂ．ｌｉｃｈｅｎｉｆｏｒｍｉｓ）构建的重组质粒ｐＡｍｙ４１３,经过定点诱变,在α－淀粉酶基因的２７１位引入Ｇ取代原来的Ａ,构建成突变型质粒ｐＡｍｙ４１３Ｃ。成熟的α－淀粉酶氨基酸由＋２Ａｓｎ变为＋３Ａｓｐ,其产量是野生型的２．０２－２．５７倍;Ｎ－端氮基酸序列分析发现：信号肽酶Ｉ的切割位点前移了一个氨基酸,即ＡｌａＡｌａ－＋３Ａｓｐ;二级结构分析发现：在自由能为－５１．７ｋｃａｌ时,突变型与野生型的ｍＲＮＡ都形成１４个环状结构,区别在于２７１位的Ｇ不再与２１１位的Ｕ配对,形成Ｇ突出;蛋白质二级结构分析发现：３３－３７氨基酸的转角结构减少了１个氨基酸,这个氦基酸参与形成α－螺旋;这些空间结构和荷电氮基酸的变化有利于蛋白质的分泌。     

光合细菌Rhodobacter sphaeroides glnB—lacZ融合子的构建

亚克隆了Ｒｈｏｄｏｂａｃｔｅｒ ｓｐｈａｅｒｏｉｄｅｓｇｌｎＢ启动子,以ｐＭＰ２２０为载体构建成ｂｌｎＢ－ｌａｃＺ融合子。将ｇｌｎＢ－ｌａｃＺ、ｎｉｆＨ－ｌａｃＺ、ｎｉｆＡ＝ｌａｃＺ分别导入Ｒ．ｓｐｈａｅｒｏｉｄｅｓ谷氨酸合酶突变株ｇｌｔＢ、ｇｌｔＤ和野生型菌株中,分析了突变对固氮基因转录表达的影响,试验证明,在ｇｌｔＢＤ突变株中ｎｉｆＨ的表达受阻遏,ｎｉｆＡ表达水平很低。这证明ｇｌｔ基因的突变引     

序列同源性比较软件Blast的本地化实现及VB接口程序的编制

美国国家生物技术信息中心（ＮａｔｉｏｎａｌＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＢｉｏｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙＩｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ,ＮＣＢＩ）的Ｂｌａｓｔ软件是进行核酸序列和蛋白质序列同源性比较的有力工具［１,２］．通过访问ＮＣＢＩ的主页（ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｎｃｂｉ．ｎｌｍ．ｎｉｈ．ｇｏｖ）进行Ｂｌａｓｔ同源性比较是常用的分析方法．然而在很多场合需要在脱机状态下使用Ｂｌａｓｔ进行同源性比较,所以,Ｂｌａｓｔ软件的本地化实现有其必要性．本文介绍实现Ｂｌａｓｔ本地化过程的经验,同时用ＶｉｓｕａｌＢａｓｉｃ５．０（以下…     

黑土农田化肥氮素去向的研究

黑土农田化肥氮素去向的研究王建国韩晓增刘鸿翔（中国科学院黑龙江农业现代化研究所,哈尔滨１５００４０）ＳｔｕｄｙｏｎｔｈｅＦａｔｅｏｆＮｉｔｒｏｇｅｎｏｕｓＦｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒｉｎｔｈｅＢｌａｃｋＳｏｉｌ．ＷａｎｇＪｉａｎｇｕｏ,ＨａｎＸｉａｏｚｅｎｇ...     

野生植物根围的丛枝菌根真菌I

１９９５－１９９７年作者比较系统地调查研究了山东省、北京和沈阳３个区域内野生植物根围丛枝菌根（Ａｒｂｕｓｃｕｌａｒｍｙｃｏｒｒｈｉｚａｅ,ＡＭ）菌的资源状况,对采自５０种野生植物根围的１８２个土样中ＡＭ菌进行了分离、培养和鉴定,共分离出Ａｃａｕｌｏｓｐｏｒａ属６种,分别为附柄无柄囊霉Ａｃａｕｌｏｓｐｏｒａａｐｐｅｎｄｉｃｕｌａ　Ｓｐａｉｎ,Ｓｉｅｖｅｒｄｉｎｇ　＆Ｓｃｈｅｎｃｋ、膨胀无柄囊霉ＡｃａｕｌｏｏｐｏｒａｄｉｌａｔａｔａＭｏｒｔｏｎ、浅窝无柄囊霉Ａ．ｌａｃｕｎｏｓａＭｏｒｔｏｎ、蜜色无柄囊霉Ａ．ｍｅｌｌｅａＳｐａｉｎ　＆Ｓｃｈｅｎｃｋ、细凹无柄囊霉Ａ．ｓｃｒｏｂｉｃｕｌａｔａＴｒａｐｐｅ、刺无柄囊霉Ａ．ｓｐｉｎｏｓａＷａｌｋｅｒ　＆Ｔｍｐｐｅ;Ｇｉｇａｓｐｏｒａ属的一个种,珍珠巨抱囊霉ＧｉｇａｓｐｏｒａｍａｔｙａｒｉｔａＢｅｃｋｅｒ＆Ｈａｌｌ;Ｓｃｕｔｅｌｌｏｓｐｏｒａ属的１个种,美丽盾巨孢囊霉Ｓｃｕｔｅｌｌｏｓｐｏｒａ　ｃａｌｏｓｐｏｒａ（Ｎｉｃｏｌ,＆Ｄｅｒｄ．）Ｇｅｕｌｅｍａｎｎ　＆Ｔｒａｐｐｅ,其中浅窝无柄囊霉为我国的一个新记录种。     

Application of chlorophyll fluorescence to screen eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) cultivars for salt tolerance

The objective of this study was to investigate the relative salt tolerance of four eggplant cultivars (Solanum melongena L.) by studying chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence parameters during the vegetative growth stage under increasing salinity levels. The plants were grown in pots filled with peat under controlled conditions and were subjected to the salt stress ranging from 0 (control), 20, 40, 80, and 160 mM NaCl for 25 days. The results showed that the increasing NaCl concentration affected hardly the maximum quantum yield of photosystem (PS) II. The quantum yield of PSII (Φ_PSII) decreased significantly in ‘Adriatica’ and ‘Black Beauty’ under the salt stress. The photochemical quenching decreased in ‘Black Beauty’ and nonphotochemical quenching increased in ‘Adriatica’ under the salt stress. The Chl fluorescence parameters did not change significantly under the salt stress in ‘Bonica’ and ‘Galine’, revealing their tolerance to salinity. After 25 days of the salt stress, the plant growth was reduced in all cultivars, however, this decline was more pronounced in ‘Adriatica’ and ‘Black Beauty’. Additionally, a significant correlation between the biomass and Φ_PSII was observed in ‘Adriatica’ and ‘Black Beauty’. Our results suggest that Φ_PSII can be used as a diagnostic tool to identify salt-tolerant egg-plant cultivars.     

Estimates of broad-sense heritability for seed yield and yield components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

This study was carried out to estimate the broad-sense heritability for seed yield and some yield components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivars. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with three replications in the 2004 growing season in the Middle Black Sea Region conditions of Turkey. Three safflower cultivars (5-154, Din?er and Yenice) were grown at five locations (Bafra, Ladik, Suluova, Gümü?hacik?y and Osmancik). The heritability for seed yield, plant height, first branch height, number of branch, head diameter, number of seed per head, 1000-seed weight and oil content were estimates as 35%, 93%, 99%, 45%, 21%, 69%, 81% and 59%, respectively. It was found that first branch height was the least affected trait over environments and followed plant height, thousand seed weight and number of seed per head. On the other hand, head diameter, seed yield, number of branch and oil content were the most affected traits versus environmental conditions. The first branch height, plant height and 1000-seed weight could be used to succeed in selection in early generation.     

Parasitism ofLeptinotarsa decemlineata [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae] byEdovum puttleri [Hymenoptera: Eulophidae] in different cultivars of eggplant

Experiments were conducted to quantify parasitism of Colorado potato beetle,Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), by the egg parasitoid,Edovum puttleri Grissell, on 3 different cultivars of eggplant,Solanum melongena L. Levels of parasitism were higher (P<0.05) on ‘Black Pride’ than on other cultivars. The percentage of egg masses that were parasitized was 1.2-fold higher (P<0.05) on ‘Black Pride’ than on ‘Harris Special’ and ‘White’. The number of eggs per mass that were parasitized was 1.3- and 1.4- fold greater (P<0.05) on ‘Black Pride’ than on ‘Harris Special’ and ‘White’, respectively. The percentage of eggs that were parasitized per mass and percentage of emerged adult parasitoids did not differ (P>0.05) among cultivars; between 2.1- to 2.6- fold more females than males emerged from eggs on all cultivars during the growing season.Edovum puttleri suppressed the 2nd generation ofL. decemlineata on ‘Black Pride’ and ‘Harris Special’, but did not suppress populations on ‘White’.      

基于生物量和养分累积量的花生品种生态适应性评价

为挖掘产量性状好、养分利用效率高、生态适应性广的优良花生品种,在冀中低平原和山前平原两个生态区分别测定了19个花生品种的16个生物量和养分累积量指标,通过主成分分析对不同品种在不同生态区的表现进行了综合评价.按照主成分对应特征值大于1的原则提取主成分,将16个主要性状指标综合成4个主成分,可代表花生生物量和养分利用性状85%左右的原始信息量.结果表明： 不同花生品种在不同生态区域的产量和养分利用效率存在较大差异.根据生态适应性将19个花生品种分为2类,生态适应性广的品种又分为产量水平和养分利用效率高、中、低3类,其中豫花9719、冀花0212-4、潍花10号、豫花15号、濮花28号和冀花10号为生态适应性广、养分利用效率高、产量水平也较高的品种.     

Cellular double-stranded RNA in Phaseolus vulgaris

Summary High molecular weight double-stranded (ds) RNAs have been detected in apparently virus-free French (common) bean Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Black Turtle Soup (BTS). Several other bean cultivars were free of detectable high molecular weight dsRNAs. The dsRNAs have been partially characterized and have homology to the BTS genome as well as to the genomes of other bean cultivars. The T _m of hybrids formed between BTS DNA and denatured dsRNA have been estimated.     

Yield stability of determinate and indeterminate dry bean cultivars

Summary Yield stability of determinate and indeterminate dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars was compared using regression of genotypic performance on environmental means. Yields of 28 dry bean cultivars differing in plant growth habit and commercial class designation were obtained from 42 Michigan performance nurseries over the 6 year period 1980 to 1985. The determinate type I large-seeded kidney and cranberry bean cultivars had below-average seed yield and large mean square deviations from regression. Lower yielding determinate small-seeded navy cultivars had low deviation mean square values, while higher yielding determinate navy cultivars had correspondingly higher mean square deviations from regression. Although seed yield of cultivars with an indeterminate growth habit was greater than determinate cultivars, prostrate type III indeterminate cultivars had deviation mean square values equivalent to those of large-seeded determinate cultivars. The erect, short vine type II indeterminate cultivars (architypes) had greater than average seed yields and minimum deviations from regression. Compared with other plant types, the architype group showed a greater yield response to more productive environments, with regression coefficient values significantly greater than unity. These results indicate that the type II growth habit offers the breeder the best opportunity of obtaining greater seed yield without incurring loss of yield stability as occurs with the type I and type III growth habits. Since the dry bean cultivars utilized in this study represent two distinct centers of domestication, the regression analysis suggests that cultivars from the predominant genetic center demonstrate more yield stability. A non-significant rank correlation coefficient between the combined and separate analyses for deviation mean square values of large-seeded cultivars implies that commercial dry bean classes should be compared separately based on center of domestication.Contributions from Michigan Bean Commission, Michigan Bean Shippers Assoc. and Michigan Agric. Exp. Sta., Michigan Agric. Exp. Sta. Journal Article No. 11986     

Effect of greenbugs (Homoptera: Aphididae) on yield loss of winter wheat

The effect of greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), feeding on the yield of four winter wheat cultivars commonly grown in Oklahoma was studied. Cultivars tested were 'Karl', a recent derivative 'Karl-92', and '2163', all greenbug-susceptible cultivars; and 'TAM-110', a cultivar with resistance to biotype E greenbugs. The objectives were to determine the effect of different greenbug densities during fall and spring on yield of winter wheat, and to develop mathematical models to quantify the effect of greenbugs on yield loss. The intensity of greenbug infestations achieved in plots by artificial infestation varied among years and growing seasons within a year, but was generally sufficient to cause a reduction in yield. Among yield components, the number of heads per square meter and the number of seeds per head were frequently negatively correlated with the accumulated number of greenbug-days per tiller. Seed weight was rarely affected by greenbug infestation. A regression model estimated yield loss for greenbug-susceptible cultivars at 0.51 kg/ha loss of yield per greenbug-day in years with near normal precipitation, and a loss of 1.17 kg/ha under severe drought conditions. The susceptible winter wheat cultivars exhibited similar yield loss in relation to the intensity of greenbug infestation, as indicated by a common slope parameter in the regression model. Results suggest that the model is robust for predicting yield loss for susceptible cultivars.     

Pearl millet downy mildew as affected by seed dressing and cultivar in the Sahel and Sudan savanna of Nigeria

Field trials in which seed dressing with Apron Star 42 WS (metalaxyl-M) was tested on five pearl millet cultivars were laid at Gashua (Sahel) and Maiduguri (Sudan Savanna) for three wet seasons (1998–2000). Using the split-plot design, seed dressing and cultivars were tested in main- and sub-plots, respectively. Results showed that at each location and season, there was significantly high seedling emergence and grain yield but lower downy mildew incidence as a result of seed dressing with metalaxyl-M compared with check. Among the cultivars tested, SOSAT C-88 had significantly lower downy mildew incidence and the highest grain yield during the three seasons. Dressed with metalaxyl-M, other cultivars had lower downy mildew and higher grain yield than undressed check. It is therefore important that pearl millet should be dressed with metalaxyl as routine practice before cultivation in the arid area of Nigeria.     

Differential response of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) cultivars to low boron supply

Three experiments were carried out on an alluvial sandy loam (Udifluvent) at Tonglu, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China from 1992 to 1995, to determine the genotypic range in boron (B) efficiency of 16 oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) cultivars, to identify the B-efficient cultivars and to identify specific responses which can be utilised for selection in a breeding program. The 16 cultivars which included high-quality and conventional types differed significantly in survival, plant height, leaf area, shoot dry weight and seed yield; however, the ranking of the cultivars for their seed yield or other plant traits differed with B treatment. With severe B deficiency (CaCl2 extractable B < 0.26 mg/kg) and no boron applied, none of the cultivars exhibited significant B efficiency, with seed yield <300 kg/ha. With moderate B deficiency (CaCl2 extractable B 0.34 mg/kg or 0.17 kg B/ha applied), seed yield varied significantly among the cultivars from 397 to 1889 kg/ha in year 1 and from 616 to 1260 kg/ha in year 3. Zhongyou 821 and 92-13 were the most B-efficient and Wanyou 324, Huashuang 2 and Su 2051 were the most B-inefficient cultivars under moderate B deficiency. Significant differences were found among the cultivars in leaf B concentration; however, there was no close relationship between leaf B concentration and seed yield responses to B of oilseed cultivars. Of all the growth parameters measured, leaf area was the early indicator best correlated with subsequent seed yield and may be useful for evaluating the response of cultivars to low B supply. Contrary to current opinion, it was also found that high-quality oilseed rape cultivars were not all sensitive to low B supply nor were all conventional cultivars B-efficient.