角蒿总生物碱提取工艺的研究

本文的目的是利用正交试验设计优选渗滤法提取角蒿有效成分的工艺条件。以角蒿酯碱的含量为指标,通过L9（3^4）t交试验设计,对提取工艺的溶媒浓度、溶媒用量和渗滤速度3个因素进行优选研究,以筛选出角蒿的最佳提取工艺条件。试验结果表明影响提取的主次因素为：溶媒用量〉溶媒浓度〉渗滤速度。优选得到的最佳提取工艺条件是用25倍量0．2％盐酸渗漉提取,渗滤速度为7mL／min,且工艺条件稳定可行。     

藜蒿三萜分离纯化及其体外抗氧化、抗菌活性研究

本试验优化了藜蒿三萜的提取工艺,确定了紫外分光光度法测定藜蒿总三萜的最佳实验条件,采用小鼠肝匀浆脂质过氧化和自由基体系法对藜蒿三萜抗氧化活性进行了评价,并通过抑菌圈实验分析了其抑菌效果.结果表明:90%乙醇为溶剂,料液比为1∶ 10,提取温度70 ℃,提取时间45 min,重复提取两次,得到藜蒿总三萜含量的占茎干重的0.192%.通过功能验证藜蒿三萜提取物有明显的抗氧化和抑菌效果.     

发酵液中L-色氨酸分离纯化工艺研究

通过静态吸附实验,考察了温度、pH值对001×7阳离子交换树脂平衡吸附量的影响,并测定了吸附动力学曲线。通过动态实验,测定了动态吸附曲线和洗脱曲线。最后确定了001×7阳离子交换树脂分离纯化L-色氨酸的最佳工艺条件:用001×7阳离子交换树脂吸附L-色氨酸,以浓度为2 mol.L-1氨水进行洗脱,收集的流份经D315阴离子交换树脂脱色,浓缩结晶后得L-色氨酸成品,总提取率为73.0%。     

用离子交换树脂分离、提纯L-脯氨酸的研究

本文就应用732型阳离子交换树脂分离、提纯L-脯氨酸水溶液这一课题进行了研究。最后通过正交试验确定分离、提纯的最佳条件是,上柱时L脯氨酸水溶液的pH值为3～4;洗脱剂氨水的浓度为1.6N;洗脱速度为55毫升/分。并分别作出了洗脱剂氨水浓度为1.6N和0.4N时的洗脱曲线。     

中甸角蒿光合作用对生长光强的响应

在原生地和引种地对高山花卉中甸角蒿（1ncarvillea zhongdianensis）光合作用和叶片性状对生长光强的响应进行研究。结果表明：在香格里拉,光合速率（Pn）、类胡萝卜素（Car）、色素比（Chla/b）均随光强的降低而下降;而比叶面积（SLA）、叶绿素b（Chlb）、叶氮含量（LNCa）随光强的降低而上升。中甸角蒿主要是通过叶片形态、生化效率和叶片氮分配来响应生长光强的变化,对生长光强的适应表现出较大可塑性,使得其相对比较容易引种驯化。中甸角蒿在香格里拉对光照具有较广的适应幅,从香格里拉移栽到昆明后,虽然Pn下降约10%,但RGR增加约30%,表明其可以在昆明较好生长。     

JK-008提取生物转化液浓缩母液中L-苯丙氨酸

采用JK-008阳离子交换树脂对生物转化反应液浓缩母液中L-苯丙氨酸进行提取,结果显示效果良好,交换率达90%,且易于被2mol·L-1氨水动态洗脱,洗脱率在95%左右,结合蒸汽浓缩方法可以运用于工业化生产L-苯丙氨酸的母液后处理工艺。     

沸石分子筛吸附分离忽地笑中石蒜碱

文章初步探索沸石分子筛应用于生物碱富集纯化的可行性,以忽地笑中石蒜碱为吸附对象,以吸附率、洗脱率为指标,考察几种沸石分子筛的使用效果,并与阳离子树脂进行对比,探索沸石分子筛最佳的吸附、洗脱条件。结果表明:ZSM-5沸石分子筛的吸附与洗脱效果相对较好,优于MCM-22、13X分子筛和D001、HD-8阳离子树脂。上样液p H值为4时,ZSM-5沸石分子筛的吸附效果相对较好;以含2.0mol/L氨水的70%的乙醇作为石蒜碱的洗脱剂效果相对较好。     

离子交换树脂纯化还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)的研究

研究005×7阳离子交换树脂分离纯化谷胱甘肽(GSH)的工艺条件。考察了005×7阳离子交换树脂对GSH的静态吸附量,洗脱时铵离子浓度、洗脱流速等对分离纯化产品GSH的影响。根据试验结果确定最佳工艺条件为:最适上柱pH为3.0,洗脱流速为:2.4ml/min,洗脱液为0.5mol/L的NH4Cl溶液;收集洗脱液,浓缩,乙醇沉淀,真空冷冻干燥,用高效液相色谱检测产品GSH,所得GSH纯度为60.8%,GSH的平均收得率为61.3%。说明此分离纯化GSH工艺可行。     

一种提取粉防己碱的新方法

本文报道了一种新的提取粉防己生物碱的方法.粉防己根粉用0.6%稀硫酸渗滤,提取液通过D72树脂柱,然后用氨水乙醇溶液洗脱,丙酮、甲苯结晶纯化得到粉防己碱纯品.该方法在提取过程中避免了使用毒性大的溶剂,提高了防己生物碱的提取率,简化了操作,是一种环保型提取工艺,适用于其他中药叔胺和季胺型生物碱的提取.     

角蒿生物碱及镇痛活性物质

角蒿(Incarvillea sinensis)为透骨草的主要来源之一,称为“羊角透骨草”,具有祛风除湿、消肿止痛之功效。从其全草分离得到了多种新的单萜生物碱和大环精胺类生物碱,其中单萜生物碱之一角蒿酯碱(incarvillateine),具有很强的镇痛活性,且作用机理不同于吗啡。角蒿酯碱已成为开发新型非麻醉性镇痛新药的重要先导化合物,本文对角蒿的化学成分、镇痛活性、作用机理和构效关系的研究作一综述。     

The Estimation of Harringtonine and Homoharringtonine of Antileukemic Alkaloids in Cephalotaaeus tortunei Hook F. and C.sinensis (Rehd et Wils) Li

Harringtonine and homoharringtonine are the potent antileukemic alkaloids, which were isolated from some species of Cephalotaxus. Recently the variation of the relative contents of these two alkaloids in the species of C. fortunei Hook. f. and C. sinensis (Rehd. et Wils.) Li were investigated. By assaying different parts of these two plants, the double alkaloid (harringtonine, homoharringtonine) contents were showed: the leaves with twigs was 0.0167%, barks 0.014%,stems 0.008%, roots 0.0251%, seeds 0.0296% in C. fortnnei and the leaves with twigs 0.0136%, barks 0.0134%, stems 0.0113%, roots 0.0174%, seeds 0.030% in C. sinensis. The variations of the relative alkaloid contents in monthly average were also described in this paper.     

Molecular phylogeny of Incarvillea (Bignoniaceae) based on ITS and trnL-F sequences

Incarvillea is a herbaceous and temperate member of Bignoniaceae, previously divided into four subgenera, Niedzwedzkia, Amphicome, Incarvillea, and Pteroscleris. Niedzwedzkia and Amphicome have in the past been treated as independent genera. Different relationships have been proposed for the four subgenera. Here, maximum parsimony analysis using ITS and trnL-F sequences resulted in similar trees and showed that the genus is monophyletic. Analysis of the combined data resulted in a single tree with five major clades highly supported and well resolved. The relationships of the five major clades are (subgenus Niedzwedzkia (Incarvillea olgae (subgenus Amphicome (subgenus Incarvillea, subgenus Pteroscleris)))). All four subgenera are well supported for monophyly, with the exception of subgenus Incarvillea, represented here by I. sinensis and I. olgae. Incarvillea olgae is not closely related to I. sinensis, a conclusion supported by morphology. The two basal monotypic subgenera are found in Central Asia. The most species-rich subgenus, Pteroscleris, has 10 species in the Himalaya-Hengduan Mountains and may have dispersed early from central Asia to eastern Asia. Short branch lengths on the molecular trees within Pteroscleris suggest a recent and rapid radiation of this rosette-forming subgenus, perhaps connected with the uplift of the Himalaya-Hengduan massif.     

Karyomorphology of Incarvillea (Bignoniaceae) and its implications in distribution and taxonomy

The karyomorphology of 11 species of the genus Incarvillea Juss. is reported. The chromosome numbers of all species studied are 2 n  = 22. The interphase nuclei and prophase chromosomes were found to be of the simple chromocentre type and the interstitial type, respectively. The asymmetry of the karyotype of I. arguta (two populations) in subgenus Amphicome is type 2A. The karyotypes of Incarvillea s inensis var. sinensis , I.  s inensis var. przewalskii, and I. olgae in subgenus Incarvillea are of asymmetry type 3A. The remaining nine species and one variety in subgenus Pteroscleris are also of asymmetry 3A. Data on three species and one variety studied are first reports. This study indicates that karyotype variation at the diploid level appears to be the predominant feature of chromosome evolution in the genus Incarvillea . According to this study of karyomorphology, morphological characteristics and geographical distribution, it seems that the three subgenera should be regarded as three independent genera. The geography of the genus is discussed.  © 2004 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2004, 144 , 113–121.     

Adsorptive separation of fructose and glucose from an agroindustrial waste of cashew industry

Nearly all agroindustrial wastes have appreciable sugar content including cashew apples (Anacardium occidentale, L.), which are an important sub-utilized biomass source in Northeastern Brazil. Adsorption in fixed bed, both in batch and continuous modes, is a low-cost separation technique, which has been widely used in the concentration, separation and purification of bioproducts, such as sugars. The present work is an experimental study aimed at measuring responses in fixed bed, needed for design purposes. Two commercial ion-exchange resins were studied: DOWEX Monosphere 99/Ca and DIAION UBK555. The adsorbents showed linear isotherms for both sugars with marked selectivity for fructose (2.2 for DOWEX and 1.5 for DIAION). A mathematical model was used to estimate kinetic parameters and predict breakthrough behaviour of binary solutions and complex feeds. The kinetics of mass transfer was well described by a linear driving force approximation (LDF) and estimated kinetic constants were around 1 min(-1). The results indicate that the use of independent experiments with synthetic monocomponent solutions leads to reliable parameters, and the model is capable to foresee reasonably well the breakthrough curve of the sugars present in the juice, under different purification conditions. The use of complex feeds led to overshoot behaviour, possibly due to the irreversible adsorption of oligosaccharides.     

非洲马铃果种子的化学成分含量测定和生物活性研究

以分光光度法测定非洲马铃果种子总生物碱、总黄酮、水溶性多糖含量,MTT法测定乙醇提取物不同分离部位的细胞毒活性,以及DPPH法测定不同分离部位的抗氧化活性。结果表明,非洲马铃果种子总生物碱、总黄酮、水溶性多糖含量分别为5.70%、0.41%和3.04%;各分离部位中总生物碱的细胞毒活性最强,其对人的肝癌细胞株SMMC7721、胃癌细胞株SGC7901和正常肝细胞株Chang-liver的IC 50值分别为11.99±2.22、8.72±6.11和7.31±4.39μg·mL-1;各分离部位中正丁醇相抗氧化活性最强,IC 50值为0.268±0.002 mg·mL-1。     

金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum Kom.)对藻类的生化干预作用

室内试验表明金鱼藻对普通小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris Beij.)和斜生栅藻(Scenedesmusobliquus(Turp.)Kutz.)的生长有明显的生化干预作用。本研究表明,金鱼藻和藻类共同培养,用培养过金鱼藻的培养液直接培养藻类,或用此培养液中提取的生物碱作藻类抑制实验,藻类的生长均受到抑制。等量的金鱼藻经煮沸后,对藻类的抑制作用高于原液。金鱼藻植株及其培养液中生物碱的含量与培养条件和时间有关。     

外源色氨酸对海水胁迫下长春花幼苗生长及生物碱含量的影响

以长春花[Catharanthus roseus(L.)G.Don]为材料采用温室盆栽法,研究了不同浓度色氨酸对不同浓度海水处理14 d后长春花幼苗生长及吲哚生物总碱含量的影响.结果显示:(1)20%海水中加入不同浓度的色氨酸,长春花幼苗生长受到显著抑制,而丙二醛(MDA)含量、可溶性糖含量、色氨酸脱羧酶(TDC)活性、吲哚生物总碱含量均显著增加;(2)40%海水中加入不同浓度的色氨酸,TDC活性、吲哚生物总碱含量也得到显著提高,但幼苗生长受到严重伤害,生物产量显著降低,吲哚生物总碱的产量太低.研究表明,外源色氨酸能显著提高海水胁迫下长春花吲哚生物总碱的含量,而且用20%的海水中加入500 mg/L的色氨酸最有利于生物碱的积累.     

黄花角蒿(Incarvillea sinensis var. przewalskii)开花动态及繁育系统的研究

通过野外定点观察,运用花粉—胚珠比、联苯胺—过氧化氢法、杂交指数、人工授粉和套袋试验等方法,对黄花角蒿(Incarvillea sinensis var. przewalskii)的开花动态及繁育系统进行了研究。结果表明：黄花角蒿种群花期一般为6~9月,单花花期一般为2~3 d,花雌雄异熟,雄蕊先熟,雌雄蕊异位。单花花期依其形态和散粉特征可分为散粉初期、散粉盛期、散粉末期、凋谢期4个时期。黄花角蒿花粉—胚珠比为331.3,杂交指数等于5,结合人工授粉和套袋实验结果可以确定该物种的繁育系统为异交,部分自交亲和,需要传粉者。套袋实验及实地观察显示黄花角蒿为虫媒传粉。