响应面优化微波-超声波协同提取灵芝三萜工艺及其清除自由基活性

探索微波-超声波协同提取仪对灵芝三萜的提取工艺及提取产物的抗氧化活性,在单因素实验的基础上,选择微波功率、超声波功率、乙醇浓度和提取时间4个因素,通过响应面分析进行灵芝三萜提取工艺的优化。结果显示,在乙醇含量75%、微波功率650W、超声波功率730W、提取时间20min时灵芝三萜的提取率达13.18mg/g,其中灵芝酸A含量为2.5mg/g;抗氧化活性结果表明,灵芝三萜粗提物对DPPH清除效果优于茶多酚。     

一种改进的沙蒿总RNA的提取方法

介绍了一种适用于沙蒿总RNA提取的方法。此方法有效地克服了沙蒿中富含的多糖类物质———沙蒿胶对总RNA提取的干扰。运用此方法所提取的RNA纯度高 ,完整性较好 ,可满足多数分子生物学实验的需要。     

藜蒿提取物抑菌作用的初步研究

采用榨汁、水提、醇提等 3种不同的方法 ,提取藜蒿中的抗菌有效成分。测定了各种提取物对 14种食品腐败菌的最低抑菌浓度 ( MIC) ,结果表明 :1.藜蒿汁的 MIC:痢疾杆菌为 2 5% ,大肠杆菌为 2 5% ,巨大芽孢杆菌为 50 % ,面包酵母为 5% ;2 .藜蒿水提物的 MIC:痢疾杆菌为 2 .5% ,大肠杆菌为 5% ,巨大芽孢杆菌为 5% ,面包酵母为 10 % ;3.黎蒿醇提物的 MIC:痢疾杆菌、巨大芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌均为 5% ,蜡状芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、面包酵母、黄曲霉均为 10 % ,产朊酵母、裂殖酵母、异常汉逊酵母、白地霉、桔青霉、镰刀霉均为 2 0 %     

黄花蒿不同溶剂提取液的抑菌作用研究

用不同的溶剂作为提取剂提取出黄花蒿中的活性物质,通过抑菌性试验,试验结果表明:乙酸乙酯的提取物对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果较显著.     

瓦松总三萜成分超声提取工艺优化及抗氧化活性分析

以瓦松为原料,采用超声表面活性剂协同提取技术提取瓦松中三萜类物质。通过单因素实验和响应面分析,研究各因素对浸膏中总三萜含量的影响。结果表明最佳工艺条件为:吐温80辅助提取效果最佳,加入质量浓度为0.4%,提取温度71℃,乙醇浓度67%,液料比25:1,提取功率150 W,提取时间30 min。在此条件下,瓦松总三萜成分的含量预测值和实验值分别为78.07 mg/g及77.60 mg/g,相对误差0.60%。体外抗氧化活性实验结果表明:瓦松总三萜提取物对DPPH·及ABTS自由基具有较强的清除能力。     

离子交换树脂用于角蒿总生物碱的纯化研究

本文以角蒿总生物碱溶液为对象,以其主要有效成分角蒿酯碱（incarvillateine）为指标,研究了阳离子交换树脂纯化角蒿总生物碱的方法,包括树脂类型的选择、氨水浓度和乙醇浓度对洗脱效果的影响.试验结果表明强酸性阳离子交换树脂DOWEX 50WX2对角蒿生物碱成分的交换能力最强,且被树脂吸附的生物碱成分可用氨性乙醇溶液快速洗脱.验证试验结果表明,用含2.0 N氨水的不同浓度乙醇溶液（60%、70%和80%）进行洗脱,得到的总生物碱含量均在60%以上,且随着乙醇浓度的提高,总生物碱的含量也不断提高.     

藜蒿总黄酮提取工艺研究

本文采用单因素实验和正交实验设计,对藜蒿总黄酮的乙醇提取工艺和水提工艺分别进行了系统考察。结果发现,以总黄酮得率作为考察指标,藜蒿总黄酮的乙醇最佳提取工艺条件为：70℃用20倍量45％乙醇提取2次,每次1．75h。藜蒿总黄酮的最佳水提工艺条件为：95℃用25倍量的水提取2次,每次1．5h。醇提法0．412％的得率比水提法得率0．372％略高。     

藜蒿黄酮提取方法研究

通过对乙醇提取藜蒿黄酮各影响因素的研究,用正交实验探讨较好的提取方案。实验表明：15倍于物料的70％的乙醇在50℃以上温度下提取6h为最佳工艺。     

不同品种柚子皮精油成分及抗氧化与抑菌能力对比研究

柚子皮是一种富含精油的具有药用价值的生物质资源,但其精油成分与生物活性尚未深入研究。本文首先通过水蒸汽蒸馏法提取了12个不同品种的柚子皮精油,接着用气相色谱质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对精油成分与相对含量进行了测定,然后采用DPPH自由基清除法、滤纸片法对不同品种柚子皮精油的抗氧化和抑菌能力进行比较,最后对不同品种柚子皮精油GC-MS分析数据进行主成分分析和聚类分析,结合抗氧化和抑菌实验结果,着力于理清柚子皮精油成分与抗氧化、抑菌能力的关系。实验结果表明：柚子皮精油的提取率为0.22%～1.52%;GC-MS法从不同品种柚子皮精油中鉴定出D-柠檬烯、β-月桂烯、α-蒎烯、α-水芹烯、芳樟醇等35种化学成分;DPPH自由基清除实验表明柚子皮精油的抗氧化能力与精油浓度呈正相关性;滤纸片法抑菌实验表明柚子皮精油有一定的抑菌效果,且对特定的菌种抑菌效果更明显。主成分分析和聚类分析结果表明,抗氧化和抑菌效果显著的成分有D-柠檬烯、柠檬醛、芳樟醇,而石竹烯、香叶烯醇、α-水芹烯也具有一定的抗氧化和抑菌能力。     

藜蒿的组织培养和快速繁殖研究

通过组织培养技术可以诱导藜蒿的幼叶和茎段产生愈伤组织和植株.研究表明,MS NAA 0.5 mg/L 6-BA 0.5 mg/L(蔗糖3%)最适合诱导藜蒿的叶片、茎段形成愈伤组织以及愈伤组织分化成再生植株,而MS NAA 0.5 mg/L最适合外植体诱导生根,1/2MS培养基对幼苗的生根作用十分明显.再生植株水培试验,筛选出了适合于藜蒿工厂化生产的营养液.     

Race and Racism in America and in Anthropology

Race in North America: Origin and Evolution of a Worldview . Audrey Smedley
Anthropology and Race . Eugenia Shanklin     

Degradation and conversion of somatostatin in normal and diabetic rats in vivo and in vitro

Plasma somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in the portal and jugular veins of streptozotocin diabetic rats was compared with that in normal control rats. In the diabetic group, somatostatin levels in the portal (p less than 0.05) and jugular (p less than 0.01) veins were both elevated compared with those in the control group. Moreover, the degree of elevation was greater in the jugular vein than in the portal vein. To further investigate the role of the liver in the clearance of somatostatin-28 in vivo, 2 micrograms of somatostatin-28 was administered as a bolus into the external jugular vein of intact and functionally hepatectomized rats. The mean half-time of somatostatin-28 was significantly longer in intact diabetic rats than in controls (p less than 0.05). The functional hepatectomy did not cause a significant difference in the half-time in diabetic rats but made it longer in control rats. These results suggest that the longer half-time of somatostatin-28 in diabetic rats in vivo is due to its slower hepatic clearance. The hepatic clearance of somatostatin-28 and somatostatin-14 was further studied in vitro using a recirculating liver perfusion method. The hepatic clearance of 1.2 nM of either somatostatin-28 or somatostatin-14 was significantly lower in diabetic rats than in controls (p less than 0.01). This indicates that elevated plasma somatostatin levels in diabetic rats are caused at least in part by decreased hepatic clearance of somatostatin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Deoxynivalenol and nivalenol in wheat and by-products in Argentina

The deoxynivalenol and nivalenol contamination in wheat and by-products obtained through milling was analized by Trucksess method slightly modified in the proportion of acetonitrile—water (3:1). Only one sample of wheat showed deoxynivalenol contamination, 1,200μg/kg. No samples obtained in different stages of the milling were contaminated with deoxynivalenol or nivalenol. In the commercial wheat flours the levels found ranged between 400 and 800μg/kg, as follows: 400μ/kg, 5 samples; 800jug/kg, 1 sample.     

Obestatin and ghrelin in obese and in pregnant women

We identified, through qPCR, receptor mRNA for a number of gut peptides in female human omental fat: the incretins, GIP and GLP-1, the orexigenic peptides PYY-Y1 and -Y2 and ghrelin, and the anorexigenic peptide obestatin. Four cohorts of women were examined: lean controls (BMI<23), obese (BMI>41), obese diabetic and term pregnant women. Human fat expressed receptor mRNAs for all six peptides. Pregnant women expressed roughly three times as much orphan GPR-39 receptor, a proposed obestatin receptor, than other women and less than half as much of the ghrelin receptor (GHSR-1a). An immunoblot probed with a GPR-39 selective antibody yielded a single band corresponding to the correct molecular weight (52 kDa) for the proposed obestatin receptor. Fluorescent immunohistochemistry of human fat employing the same antibody indicated the receptor protein was localized to the adipocyte cell membrane. The concentration of obestatin circulating in blood was measured in the same cohort of women and was significantly lower in obese and obese diabetic women compared to control.     

Update in research and methods in proteomics and bioinformatics

The 3rd International Conference on Proteomics & Bioinformatics (Proteomics 2013)

Philadelphia, PA, USA, 15–17 July 2013

The Third International Conference on Proteomics & Bioinformatics (Proteomics 2013) was sponsored by the OMICS group and was organized in order to strengthen the future of proteomics science by bringing together professionals, researchers and scholars from leading universities across the globe. The main topics of this conference included the integration of novel platforms in data analysis, the use of a systems biology approach, different novel mass spectrometry platforms and biomarker discovery methods. The conference was divided into proteomic methods and research interests. Among these two categories, interactions between methods in proteomics and bioinformatics, as well as other research methodologies, were discussed. Exceptional topics from the keynote forum, oral presentations and the poster session have been highlighted. The topics range from new techniques for analyzing proteomics data, to new models designed to help better understand genetic variations to the differences in the salivary proteomes of HIV-infected patients.