有氧健身操对肥胖型青年女性血脂成分的影响

目的:探讨有氧健身操对肥胖型青年女性血脂成分的影响.方法:将36名肥胖型青年女性分为均等的实验组(进行16周有氧健身操锻炼)和对照组,测定与分析受试者16周有氧健身操锻炼前后血脂成分(甘油三酯、胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白)的变化.结果:实验组16周有氧健身操锻炼后血脂成分中甘油三酯、胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白含量下降,高密度脂蛋白含量上升,与实验前、对照组比有显著性差异.结论:长期系统的有氧健身操锻炼能降低肥胖型青年女性血脂水平,改善血脂成分,使血脂中各成分的比例更利于身体健康.     

太极拳运动对老年人步态稳定性的影响

目的:本实验通过对比老年人参加太极拳锻炼后的步态学参数的变化,旨在探究太极拳运动对老年人步态稳定性的影响。方法:(1)研究对象:选取40名社区老年人为研究对象。其中练习太极拳两年以上者20人为实验组(练习内容均为简化二十四式太极拳),其中男女各10名;未曾练习太极拳而且未参加其他项目锻炼者20名为对照组,其中男女各10名。(2)测试方法:采用BIODEX步态训练仪对两组不同老年人进行步态测试。实验数据采用SPSS13.0统计软件进行处理,以P<0.05为有显著性差异,P<0.01为有非常显著性差异。结果:随着年龄的增长,老年人的步态稳定性逐渐下降,同年龄段的老年人女性的步态稳定性优于男性老年人,男性老年人步长大于女性老年人。女性老年人的左脚功能明显优于男性老年人左脚功能。长期参加太极拳锻炼的老年人步态稳定性明显提高,在步速一定的情况下,通过加大步长,降低步频提高了步态的稳定性。结论:太极拳锻炼对促进老年人步态稳定提高平衡能力有显著效果,经常参加太极拳锻炼有助于老年人下肢功能的维持,应大力开展老年人太极拳锻炼。     

有氧锻炼对体质的改善和对脂蛋白及胆固醇水平的影响

对经过3个月中等强度有氧锻炼的学生进行了锻炼前后体质和脂蛋白及胆固醇水平的检测。结果表明,学生体质有明显改善,其中Vo_(2max)、哈佛台阶试验指数等7个指标有非常显著差异(p<0.01),3min台阶试验即刻脉搏有显著差异(p<0.05);TC、LDL-C、Tc/HDL-C、LDL-C/HDL-C均降低,差异非常显著(p<0.01),HDL-C、HDL_2-C、HDL_2-C/HDL_3-C均增高,差异非常显著(p<0.01);测试HDL_2-C比测试HDL-C在评定锻炼效果上更优越。     

太极拳运动对老年人步态稳定性的影响

目的：本实验通过对比老年人参加太极拳锻炼后的步态学参数的变化,旨在探究太极拳运动对老年人步态稳定性的影响。方法：（1）研究对象：选取40名社区老年人为研究对象。其中练习太极拳两年以上者20人为实验组（练习内容均为简化二十四式太极拳）,其中男女各10名;未曾练习太极拳而且未参加其他项目锻炼者20名为对照组,其中男女各10名。（2）测试方法：采用BIODEX步态训练仪对两组不同老年人进行步态测试。实验数据采用SPSS13.0统计软件进行处理,以P〈0.05为有显著性差异,P〈0.01为有非常显著性差异。结果：随着年龄的增长,老年人的步态稳定性逐渐下降,同年龄段的老年人女性的步态稳定性优于男性老年人,男性老年人步长大于女性老年人。女性老年人的左脚功能明显优于男性老年人左脚功能。长期参加太极拳锻炼的老年人步态稳定性明显提高,在步速一定的情况下,通过加大步长,降低步频提高了步态的稳定性。结论：太极拳锻炼对促进老年人步态稳定提高平衡能力有显著效果,经常参加太极拳锻炼有助于老年人下肢功能的维持,应大力开展老年人太极拳锻炼。     

赛艇运动员重大比赛前不同训练阶段无创微循环相关指标变化初步研究

目的:探讨不同训练负荷结构下赛艇运动员无创微循环指标变化特点,为进一步完善无创微循环指标在运动员机能状态监控中的应用提供参考与借鉴。方法:2013年7月国家青年赛艇队作了世界青年锦标赛的最后备战训练,整个备战训练分为强度训练期及接下来的调整期,强度训练期主要以500 m、1000 m专项速度练习为主,其训练强度较大,而调整期主要以有氧长划为主,训练强度较小;以8名女性赛艇运动员为研究对象,应用Peri Flux System5000系列激光多普勒血流仪对8名运动员早晨空腹安静、坐位状态下右臂肱二头肌隆起最高处微循环相关指标进行测试,其中强度训练期结束时及接下来的调整期结束时各测试一次,通过对两个阶段无创微循环相关指标变化特点分析,进而对运动员竞技状态作出判断。结果:除运动血细胞浓度(Concentration of moving blood cells,CMBC),调整期微循环血流灌注量(Microcirculatory blood perfusion,MBP)、血细胞平均运行速度(Average velocity of blood cells,AVBC)、经皮氧分压(Transcutaneous oxygen pressure,Tcp O2)均明显高于强度训练期(P<0.05)。结论:不同训练负荷下无创微循环相关指标呈现出不同的变化特点,低强度负荷下无创微循环相关指标呈现出上升趋势,而高强度负荷下则呈现下降趋势。     

8周有氧水上划艇训练对赛艇运动员某些儿茶酚胺和心率变异性指标的影响

目的:探讨有氧渐增负荷量水上划艇训练对赛艇运动员某些血液儿茶酚胺和心率变异性指标的影响。方法:对8名男子公开级赛艇运动员进行持续8周的中等强度有氧渐增负荷量水上划艇训练,运动员每周一至周五上下午和周六上午进行训练,此后至周末恢复休息,每个半天训练120min,第一周的水上划艇负荷量为180km,此后每周递增5km。运动员在训练前1周、训练第4周以及训练第8周结束后的次周一清晨6:00进行安静状态下短时程5min的心率变异性测试,并在心率变异性测试结束即刻进行安静状态下的肘静脉血采集,用于儿茶酚胺指标的检测。结果:与训练前相比,运动员经过有氧渐增负荷量水上划艇训练第4周和第8周后,血浆儿茶酚胺E、NE和DA水平均显著性降低(P<0.05);恢复期心率变异性TP、HF和LF水平,在训练第4周时有所降低,在训练第8周时有所升高,而VLF则在训练第4周和第8周时均有所降低,但这些变化没有统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:运动员经过8周的有氧渐增负荷量水上划艇训练后,运动员安静下迷走神经系统对心血管系统的调节作用得到增强,交感迷走神经的综合调节作用得到提高,自主神经系统的功能状况得到改善。     

我国赛艇运动员肱二头肌微循环血流储备能力的研究

目的:探讨长期有氧耐力训练对我国不同组别赛艇运动员肱二头肌微循环血流储备能力的影响,为我国赛艇队运动员身体机能状态监控数据标准的建立及微循环血流储备能力数据库的建立提供一定的依据。方法:77名国家队不同组别赛艇运动员及24名不同性别的普通健康国人(男、女各12名)运动员晨起空腹状态下使用Peri Flux System 5000激光多普勒血流仪对右侧肱二头肌微循环血流灌注量(MBP)及相关指标进行无创测试,且所有受试者测试位点均为右侧肱二头肌同一空间的解剖位点,无明显的空间差异;所有运动员测试均在其机能状态相对比较稳定的情况下进行,普通人测试均在健康状况良好的情况下进行,测试值包括基础值和加热后值(44℃),以加热前后MBP的差值作为微循环血流储备能力。结果:女子公开级(198.97±98.81)男子公开级(183.45±64.31)男子轻量级(151.01±65.96)女子轻量级(140.53±43.22)普通男性国人(127.21±56.38)普通女性国人(103.54±33.41),各组运动员均显著高于普通健康国人(除女轻组与普通男性国人比较),但不同组别运动员之间均无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:1长期的耐力训练可提高赛艇运动员微循环血流储备能力,尤其是公开级赛艇运动员;2我国公开级赛艇运动员肱二头肌微循环血流储备能力正常值应在160以上,轻量级赛艇运动员应在120以上,且不同性别运动员之间无明显差异,若训练中明显低于正常值,则表明运动员机能状态较差且处于运动性疲劳状态。     

跆拳道运动对大学生心肺适能、柔韧性及体成分的影响

目的：探讨跆拳道运动对改善大学生心肺适能、柔韧性以及体成分的重要价值,为跆拳道运动在高校,乃至中小学的普遍开展提供参考。方法：对102名大学生（男女各51名）进行每周3次,每次90 min,为期24周的跆拳道训练,所有学生在跆拳道训练前2 d和24周的训练结束后2 d进行肺活量、坐位体前屈、体脂率以及身体质量指数测试,比较跆拳道训练前后心肺机能、柔韧性以及身体成分的变化。结果：24周的跆拳道训练后,大学生的肺活量和坐位体前屈都较训练前有显著提高（P<0.05）,体脂率较训练前明显降低（P<0.01）。结论：跆拳道训练对改善大学生心肺适能、柔韧性以及身体成分等健康体适能具有一定作用,跆拳道运动可作为高校大学生健康体适能的一种运动方式。     

游泳训练对儿童最大有氧活动能力的影响

本文利用步行机对９１名８－１１岁男女儿童进行最大有氧活动能力的测试,其中训练组４２人选自北京市海滨区业余游泳队的儿童,对照组４９人（男２４人,女２５人）选自与训练组儿童条件相近的普通学校学生。观察９个月的游泳训练对儿童有氧活动能力的影响。研究结果表明,训练组儿童的身高,体重,瘦体重和肺活量在观察前及观察后的两次测试中均高于对照组。观察期间形态指标的增长值和两组值在两组间大都无明显差别,表明两组儿童     

介绍“国际现代生物学训练班”

国际现代生物学训练班(Internationa)Training Course in Morden Biology)是由联合国教科文组织(UNFSCO)与设有训练点国家的科学院联合资助筹办,其宗旨是为发展中国家青年生物科学工作者提供必要的学习机会。我有幸于1985年作为学习班的第一批中国学生赴匈牙利参加为期十一个月的学习。匈牙利的国际现代生物学训练班始于1974年,每年一届,每届接收20—30名学员。这些学员大多来自苏、东德、波、捷、南、保等东欧国家,也有来自埃及、土耳其、古巴及少数亚洲地区学生。学习班向学员提供学习、工     

脱氮除硫菌株的分离鉴定和功能确认

从长期稳定运行的脱氮除硫反应器污泥中,分离获得两株具有脱氮除硫功能的芽孢杆菌。经形态观察、生理试验和16SrDNA序列比对,将两菌株归入芽孢杆菌属,菌株CB归类于Bacillus pseudofirmus,菌株CS则与Bacillus hemicellulosilytus和Bacillus halodurans最为接近。以Biolog板检测,菌株CB的基质多样性不明显,菌株CS则可利用Biolog板中多种碳源。菌株CB和菌株CS都能以硝酸盐氧化硫化物,其中菌株CB对硝酸盐、硫化物的转化能力大于CS,菌株CB对硝酸盐的亲和力也大于菌株CS。     

光学量,光子量和单位在激光生物学中的应用

激光生物学是光子学和生物学相结合的交叉边缘学科,根据《光及有关电磁辐射的量和单位》国际标准（ＩＳＯ／ＤＩＳ３１－６,１９９０）和我国国家标准（ＧＢ３１０２．６,１９９３）,本文讨论了在激光生物学中常用的光学量、光子量和单位。     

Effects of acute and chronic administration of secretin and caerulein on rat duodenal and gastric growth

We studied the effects of acute and chronic administration of secretin and caerulein, alone and in combination, on RNA and protein synthesis in the duodenum and oxyntic gland area as well as content of DNA, RNA and protein in rats. Secretin, 100 micrograms . kg-1, three times a day for 5 days, was associated with duodenal hypertrophy after the first 24 h of treatment and hyperplasia at the end of days 2 and 4; hypertrophy of the oxyntic gland area was observed only at 4 h after the first injection. Caerulein, 1 microgram . kg-1, also promoted duodenal hyperplasia after 2 and 4 days of treatment. The oxyntic gland area showed hypertrophy only at 4 h after the second injection of caerulein. These data indicate that both hormones can induce duodenal hyperplasia, probably by an amplification of the normal renewal cycle of the epithelial cells. They also demonstrated that growth of the oxyntic gland area is not promoted by these two peptides at the doses studied.     

重庆市近郊大气无机氮、硫沉降特征及其来源分析

以重庆市近郊中梁山槽谷为研究区,利用气象站和沉降仪获取2017年5月-2018年4月的大气无机氮、硫沉降数据和降水δ¹⁵N-NO₃^-、δ¹⁸O-NO₃^-和δ³⁴S-SO₄^2-、δ¹⁸O-SO₄^2-数据,通过离子浓度比值、同位素值和气团后向轨迹探讨了研究区大气中氮、硫沉降变化特征及其来源。结果表明：（1）大气DIN总沉降量为19.99 kg/hm²,干、湿沉降量分别占11%和89%;大气S总沉降量为32.62 kg/hm²,干、湿沉降量分别占13%和87%。大气氮、硫湿沉降量与降水量均呈正相关（n=12,P < 0.01）,氮、硫干湿沉降量具有明显的季节差异。（2）降水NH₄⁺-N/NO₃^--N比值介于0.45-2.2之间,雨季（5-10月）NH₄⁺-N/NO₃^--N>1,旱季（11-次年4月）NH₄⁺-N/NO₃^--N<1,表明雨季氮主要来源于农业源,旱季来源于工业和交通源;降水NO₃^-/SO₄^2-比值介于0.1-1.25之间,平均值为0.63,表明硫来源以固定污染源（燃煤）为主。（3）大气降水δ¹⁵N-NO₃^-、δ¹⁸O-NO₃^-值分别为-3.8‰-3.9‰（平均值为0.4‰±2.6‰）和58.7‰-98.7‰（平均值为76.1‰±14.3‰）,夏季偏负,冬季偏正;降水δ³⁴S-SO₄^2-和δ¹⁸O-SO₄^2-变化范围分别为1.3‰-3.2‰（平均值为2.3‰±1‰）和5.3‰-8.5‰（平均值为7.1‰±1.6‰）,大气降水中NO₃^-和SO₄^2-主要来源于当地的化石燃料燃烧,同时受到周边污染物的远距离传输影响。（4）气团后向轨迹表明影响研究区氮、硫干湿沉降来源的主要因素是东亚季风,北东-南西走向的川东平行岭谷大地貌格局加剧了季风的影响。     

Free and ester-bound triterpene alcohols and sterols in cellular subfractions of Calendula officinalis flowers

In the chromoplast fraction and in the chromoplast-free fraction, obtained from Calendula officinalis ligulate flowers, the contents of individual free and ester-bound triterpene alcohols and sterols as well as the fatty acid components of the ester form were determined. It was shown that all sterols and triterpene monols in both forms occur in the two subtractions investigated, whereas all diols are localized only in the chromoplast fraction. The compositions of the fatty acids esterifying monols and sterols were similar to those esterifying diols in the chromoplasts. However, the fatty acids esterifying extra-chromoplast monols and sterols were different. This result indicates that triterpene monol esters are substrates for the biosynthesis of 3-monoesters of diols.     

Effects of potassium on the anion and cation contents of primary cultures of mouse astrocytes and neurons

Inastrocytes, as [K⁺]_o was increased from 1.2 to 10 mM, [K⁺]_i and [Cl^–]_i were increased, whereas [Na⁺]_i was decreased. As [K⁺]_o was increased from 10 to 60 mM, intracellular concentration of these three ions showed no significant change. When [K⁺]_o was increased from 60 to 122 mM, an increase in [K⁺]_i and [Cl^–]_i and a decrease in [Na⁺]_i were observed.Inneurons, as [K⁺]_o was increased from 1.2 to 2.8 mM, [Na⁺]_i and [Cl^–]_i were decreased, whereas [K⁺]_i was increased. As [K⁺]_o was increased from 2.8 to 30 mM, [K⁺]_i, [Na⁺]_i and [Cl^–]_i showed no significant change. When [K⁺]_o was increased from 30 to 122 mM, [K⁺]_i and [Cl^–]_i were increased, whereas [Na⁺]_i was decreased. Inastrocytes, pH_i increased when [K⁺]_o was increased. Inneurons, there was a biphasic change in pH_i. In lower [K⁺]_o (1.2–2.8 mM) pH_i decreased as [K⁺]_o increased, whereas in higher [K⁺]_o (2.8–122 mM) pH_i was directly related to [K⁺]_o. In bothastrocytes andneurons, changes in [K⁺]_o did not affect the extracellular water content, whereas the intracellular water content increased as the [K⁺]_o increased. Transmembrane potential (E_m) as measured with Tl-204 was inversely related to [K⁺]_o between 1.2 and 90 mM, a ten-fold increase in [K⁺]_o depolarized the astrocytes by about 56 mV and the neurons about 52 mV. The E_m values measured with Tl-204 were close to the potassium equilibrium potential (E_k) except those in neurons at lower [K⁺]_o. However, they were not equal to the chloride equilibrium potential (E_Cl) at [K⁺]_o lower than 30 mM in both astrocytes and neurons. Results of this study demonstrate that alteration of [K⁺]_o produced different changes in [K⁺]_i, [Na⁺]_i, [Cl^–]_i, and pH_i in astrocytes and neurons. The data show that astrocytes can adapt to alterations in [K⁺]_o, in such a way to maintain a more suitable environment for neurons.     

Response and correlation of above- and below-ground functional traits of Leymus chinensis to nitrogen and phosphorus additions

AimsLeymus chinensis is a constructive and dominant species in typical steppe of northern China. The structure and functions of L. chinensis grassland ecosystem has been degenerated seriously due to long-term overgrazing in recent decades. As an effective measure to restore the degraded grasslands, the effects of nutrient addition on plant growth and ecosystem structure and functioning have been paid more attention in manipulation experimental research. The effects of nutrient addition, especially P addition on the above- and below-ground functional traits of L. chinensis have rarely been studied; particularly the underpinning mechanisms remain unclear. Our objective is to examine the responses and adaptive mechanisms of L. chinensis to different levels of N and P additions. MethodsWe conducted a culture experiment in the greenhouse, with three levels of N (50, 100 and 250 mg N·kg^-1) and P (5, 10 and 25 mg P·kg^-1) addition treatments. The above- and below-ground biomass, leaf traits (e.g., specific leaf area, leaf N and P contents) and root traits (e.g., specific root length, root N and P contents) of L. chinensis were determined in this study.Important findings Our results showed that: 1) the aboveground biomass and total biomass of L. chinensis were mostly affected by N addition, while the belowground biomass was mainly affected by P addition. N addition greatly enhanced the aboveground biomass of L. chinensis, while P addition reduced the belowground biomass at the moderate and high N levels. The root-shoot ratio of L. chinensis was influenced by both N and P additions, and root-shoot ratio decreased with increasing N and P levels. N and P additions promoted more biomass and N and P allocations to aboveground and leaf biomass. 2) Leymus chinensis showed different responses and adaptive mechanisms to P addition at low and high N levels. At low N level, L. chinensis exhibited high photosynthetic rate and specific root length (SRL) to improve photosynthetic capacity and root N acquisition, which promoted aboveground biomass. High root P content was favorable for belowground biomass. At high N level, P addition did not significantly affect plant growth of L. chinensis, even reduced its belowground biomass. Leymus chinensis showed high specific leaf area (SLA) and SRL to improve light interception and N acquisition in order to maintain stable aboveground biomass. 3) P addition greatly impacted below-ground than above-ground functional traits. SLA exhibited a weakly positive correlation with SRL, indicating L. chinensis exhibited relatively independence of resource acquirement and utilization between leaf and root functional traits.     

桃果实细胞内糖酸分布对果实甜酸风味的影响

以成熟‘白凤’桃果实为实验材料,采用区室化分析方法计算细胞内液泡、细胞质和细胞间隙中各糖酸组分的含量,并用调查问卷的方式对成熟桃果实甜酸风味进行评价打分,研究果肉细胞内各糖酸组分含量及其分布对果实甜酸风味的影响。结果表明:(1)成熟桃果实中可溶性糖(蔗糖、葡萄糖、果糖和山梨醇)在液泡、细胞质和细胞间隙的含量分别为27.3、11.6和9.0mg·g-1,有机酸(苹果酸、柠檬酸、奎宁酸和莽草酸)含量分别为2.09、0.94和0.35mg·g-1;蔗糖和苹果酸含量分别占果实可溶性糖和有机酸含量的80.6%和77.0%,是成熟桃果实中糖和酸的主要储存形式。(2)果实细胞内各糖酸组分通过细胞膜的渗透速率明显高于液泡膜。(3)块状处理桃果实液泡、细胞质与细胞间隙中的糖含量比、酸含量比及糖酸比分别为3.0∶1.3∶1.0、6.0∶2.7∶1.0、13.9∶12.4∶23.1,而匀浆处理果实的细胞结构被破坏,其不同细胞器中的比例分别为1.0∶1.0∶1.0、1.0∶1.0∶1.0、14.0∶14.0∶14.0;块状果实风味评价得分(2.99)明显高于匀浆处理果实(1.98)。研究认为,桃果实细胞中液泡、细胞质和细胞间隙之间糖酸含量以及糖酸比的差异可能是导致果实甜度风味变化的重要原因。     

关于苏北地区某三甲医院进口与国产医疗设备和耗材使用情况及反馈的研究．

目的：初步了解了进口与国产医疗设备与耗材的发展状况和使用反馈情况,并对国内医疗设备与耗材行业的发展提供合理化建议。方法：通过对苏北地区某三级甲等医院设备科工作人员、医生、护士长、患者及患者家属进行调研或访谈,并以调研和访谈的统计结果为依据得出结论并提出建议。结果：技术成熟的中小型医疗设备或耗材,从质量、价格等因素综合考虑,国内产品优于进口产品,一定程度上得到了医务人员和消费者的认可。在高端大中型医疗设备与耗材方面,进口产品具有较大的技术优势。结论：国内医疗设备生产企业应当积极开展研发工作,提高产品的技术含量与质量,巩固自身在中小型医疗设备与耗材方面的优势,并努力在高端大中型医疗设备与耗材方面取得突破。