新型布尼亚病毒抗体检测方法的建立及初步应用简

目的：建立新型布尼亚病毒IgG抗体ELISA检测方法。方法：用基因工程重组表达的新型布尼亚病毒NP抗原包被酶联板,建立间接ELISA法检测新型布尼亚病毒IgG抗体,并进行特异性和灵敏度评价,健康人群中检测结果计算临界值（均值＋3标准差）。检测70例发热伴血小板减少综合征患者恢复血清和69份健康人血清样品。结果：在70份患者血清样品中,检测出新型布尼亚病毒IgG抗体阳性51例,阳性率为72．14％（51/70）;69份健康人血清样品中,检测出1份阳性,特异性为98．6％（1/69）。结论：建立的新型布尼亚病毒IgG抗体ELISA检测方法特异性强、灵敏度高,可用于新型布尼亚病毒感染的检测及流行病学调查。     

新型布尼亚病毒抗体检测方法的建立及初步应用

目的:建立新型布尼亚病毒IgG抗体ELISA检测方法。方法:用基因工程重组表达的新型布尼亚病毒NP抗原包被酶联板,建立间接ELISA法检测新型布尼亚病毒IgG抗体,并进行特异性和灵敏度评价,健康人群中检测结果计算临界值(均值+3标准差)。检测70例发热伴血小板减少综合征患者恢复血清和69份健康人血清样品。结果:在70份患者血清样品中,检测出新型布尼亚病毒IgG抗体阳性51例,阳性率为72.14%(51/70);69份健康人血清样品中,检测出1份阳性,特异性为98.6%(1/69)。结论:建立的新型布尼亚病毒IgG抗体ELISA检测方法特异性强、灵敏度高,可用于新型布尼亚病毒感染的检测及流行病学调查。     

大鼠仙台病毒ELISA、间接免疫荧光和免疫印迹三种检测方法比较

目的比较ELISA（enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay）、IFA（immuno-fluorescence assay）和WB（Western blot）三种方法在大鼠仙台病毒血清学检测中的差异。方法仙台病毒蛋白抗原经凝胶电泳分离转移后用于血清学检测的WB方法;使用IFA、ELISA方法对20份无菌大鼠、227份SPF大鼠以及63份清洁级大鼠送检血清样品进行检测,阳性及可疑样品用WB方法进行了验证。结果 20份无菌大鼠血清样品被3种方法检测为仙台病毒抗体阴性;SPF级大鼠样品被IFA方法判定为阴性,1.32%（3/227）被ELISA方法判定为阳性,其中有2/3被WB确认为阳性;ELISA、IFA和WB在清洁级大鼠样品中检出仙台病毒的阳性率分别为为18.12%、11.34%和15.87%。结论三种检测方法灵敏度从高到低依次为ELISA、WB和IFA。WB方法可作为IFA和ELISA难以确定结果的替代方法。     

牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒重组gE蛋白间接ELISA诊断方法的建立

以重组牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒gE蛋白,经纯化后作为诊断抗原建立了检测牛血清特异性gE抗体的间接酶联免疫吸附试验,确定其最佳包被量为每孔1.075μg。样品稀释度为1:40,兔抗牛IgG辣根过氧化物酶标记抗体稀释度为1∶5000。判定标准为样品OD值大于0.582为阳性,小于0.472为阴性,在0.472与0.582之间为可疑。经抗特异性试验和重复性试验证明该方法特异性高、重复性好。在403份血清样品中,进口试剂盒检出234份阳性样品,该诊断方法检出248阳性样品,与进口试剂盒的符合率为94.3%,但该诊断方法检出率更高。在43份血清样品中,中和试验检出24份阳性样品,该诊断方法检出28份阳性样品,与中和试验的符合率为85.7%。应用该诊断方法调查了我国部分地区IBRV的感染率,发现这些地区的IBRV感染率为68.7%。     

猴B病毒抗体ELISA检测试剂盒的制备及准确性评价

目的:以金标准试剂盒为参照,对新研制的猴B病毒抗体ELISA检测试剂盒进行准确性评价,以期为我国实验灵长类动物产业提供优质廉价的检测试剂。方法:利用3个批次共表达猴B病毒gD和g B蛋白的细胞上清分别制备ELISA检测试剂盒,与金标准试剂盒(VRL的ELISA试剂盒)同时对667只食蟹猴血清进行检测,考察新研制剂盒的准确性;然后,挑选强阳性、弱阳性、阴性样品,用另外2个批次ELISA试剂盒检测,考察不同批次试剂盒检测结果的稳定性。结果:金标准试剂盒对667只食蟹猴血清抗体检测结果为阳性280份、阴性387份,而新研制的ELISA试剂盒结果为阳性282份、阴性385份;与金标准相比,阳性样品的符合率为98.93%(277/280),阴性样品的符合率为98.97%(383/387),总体符合率为98.95%(660/667)。对100份强阳性样品、70份弱阳性样品、108份阴性样品及7份差异样品的重复检测表明,除1份弱阳性(金标准为阴性)检测为阴性外,其余样品与前期一致。结论:与金标准相比,新研制的试剂盒具有较高的准确性,可用于猴B病毒抗体的检测。     

登革Ⅱ型病毒经白纹伊蚊滞育卵的传递

采用C6/36细胞培养分离病毒的方法检测感染登革Ⅱ型病毒的白纹伊蚊Aedes albopictus滞育卵孵化的F₁代蚊虫感染率,从第一个生殖营养周期子代蚊虫中未分离到病毒,第二与第三生殖营养周期子代蚊虫最低感染率没有显著性差异（χ²=0.01,P＞0.0 5）,感染子代的批阳性率为9.1%,最低感染率为1∶330;间接免疫荧光检测结果表明感染登革Ⅱ型病毒的白纹伊蚊滞育卵孵化的子代成蚊能通过叮咬将登革病毒传播给敏感乳鼠。这些研究结果表明登革病毒能在媒介滞育卵内存活并传至子代,子代蚊虫能通过叮咬敏感宿主水平传播病毒。     

实时荧光定量PCR技术在SPF鸡四种垂直传播疾病监测中的应用

目的探讨荧光定量PCR检测技术对SPF鸡四种垂直传播病毒的检测应用。方法采集60份SPF鸡及70份普通鸡群蛋清、泄殖腔试子样品,提取样品核酸,分别进行ARV、REV、CAV、ALV四种病毒实时荧光定量PCR检测,根据标准曲线及溶解曲线分析判读样品病毒拷贝数。结果 SPF鸡ALV 2份阳性,检出率3.3%,其余病毒检测均为阴性;普通鸡样品REV检测2份阳性,检出率2.9%,ALV 10份阳性,检出率14.3%。结论荧光定量PCR检测方法最低可检测到100个拷贝核酸,检测灵敏度较高,有望应用于SPF鸡临床样品的病原检测。     

呼吸道感染住院患儿Merkel细胞多瘤病毒检测及临床研究

目的:了解北京地区Merkel细胞多瘤病毒(MCPyV)在呼吸道感染住院儿童中的流行情况和临床特点。方法:采集北京友谊医院儿科呼吸道感染住院患儿的鼻咽抽吸物样本200份,并收集相应的患儿临床资料,采用TaqMan real-time PCR方法检测MCPyV LTAg基因,并经测序确认;MCPyV阳性样本同时检测常见的人呼吸道病毒混合感染情况。结果:200份标本中共检出MCPyV阳性6例,检出率3%;感染儿童年龄从6月到5岁,其中年龄≤3岁的占83.3%(5/6)。诊断包括支气管肺炎和急性支气管炎,临床表现包括发热、咳嗽、喘息。6例阳性样本均与其他呼吸道病毒混合感染,A型流感病毒和呼吸道合胞病毒混合感染最常见,6例阳性样本MCPyV载量均低于10拷贝/μL。结论:real-time PCR方法检测呼吸道感染住院患儿中MCPyV的感染率为3%,6例MCPyV阳性样本均与其他呼吸道病毒混合感染且MCPyV载量较低,不能认为MCPyV是儿童呼吸道感染的病因。     

2013至2017年4 542例泌尿生殖系感染者NG、CT和UU感染特点分析

探讨淋球菌（NG）、沙眼衣原体（CT）和解脲脲原体（UU）三种性传播疾病（STD）病原体在宁夏泌尿生殖系感染者中的感染状况,为临床防治提供参考。选取2013年1月至2017年12月在宁夏医科大学总医院就诊的患者4 542例,其中男性3 561例,女性981例,应用实时荧光PCR法检测上述病原体,并分析结果。3种病原体总感染率为26.51%（1 204/4 542）,NG、CT、UU单一病原体感染率分别为26.31%、15.21%和35.70%,男、女感染率分别为23.48%和37.51%,感染率有性别差异（P＜0.01）,NG、CT感染率男性显著高于女性,UU感染率女性显著高于男性;混合感染率为3.32%（151/4 542）,男、女混合感染率分别为3.82%和153%,主要以CT+UU为主,NG+UU次之;从年龄分布来说,男性≤20岁年龄段感染率最高,女性21～30岁年龄段感染率最高;5年来NG、CT和UU感染率呈上升趋势。泌尿生殖系感染者中NG、CT、UU感染情况严重,男性易感NG和CT,女性易感UU,同时,混合感染也较常见,提示应同时检测多种病原体以防漏检。     

猴 B 病毒血清学和 PCR 检测结果比较

目的：比较猴B病毒血清抗体和病毒PCR检测结果,阐明动物感染后病毒在机体内的存在状况。方法：采集成年猴血清和三叉神经组织,首先通过ELISA方法检测血清中B病毒抗体,然后采用B病毒舡和徊基因引物通过PCR方法扩增血清DNA和三叉神经组织DNA,比较2种方法的检测结果,并对扩增产物进行序列分析。结果：22份猴血清中,B病毒抗体呈阳性的有13份（59．1％）;PCR结果显示,抗体阴性动物及所有血清DNA模板中均无阳性扩增,但在13份抗体阳性动物的三叉神经组织DNA样品中,PCR阳性4份（30．8％）;gL和gD基因扩增条件及产物分析表明,舡基因的GC含量为64．1％,gD为74．2％,且舡的扩增条件和效果明显优于gD。结论：B病毒感染猴后,将在部分动物神经节中建立潜伏,而础基因更适合作为分子鉴定的靶标。     

High Prevalence of Co-Infection with Multiple Torque Teno Sus Virus Species in Italian Pig Herds

Torque teno viruses (TTVs) are a large group of vertebrate-infecting small viruses with circular single-stranded DNA, classified in the Anelloviridae family. In swine, two genetically distinct species, Torque teno sus virus 1a (TTSuV1a) and 1b (TTSuV1b) are currently grouped into the genus Iotatorquevirus. More recently, a novel Torque teno sus virus species, named Torque teno sus virus k2b (TTSuVk2b), has been included with Torque teno sus virus k2a (TTSuVk2a) into the genus Kappatorquevirus. In the present study, TTSuV1 (TTSuV1a and TTSuV1b), TTSuVk2a and TTSuVk2b prevalence was evaluated in 721 serum samples of healthy pigs from Sardinian farms, insular Italy. This is the largest study to date on the presence of TTSuV in healthy pigs in Italy. The global prevalence of infection was 83.2% (600/721), being 62.3% (449/721), 60.6% (437/721), and 11.5% (83/721) the prevalence of TTSuV1, TTSuVk2a and TTSuVk2b, respectively. The rate of co-infection with two and/or three species was also calculated, and data show that co-infections were significantly more frequent than infections with single species, and that TTSuV1+TTSuVk2a double infection was the prevalent combination (35.4%). Quantitative results obtained using species-specific real time-qPCR evidenced the highest mean levels of viremia in the TTSuV1 subgroup, and the lowest in the TTSuVk2b subgroup. Interestingly, multiple infections with distinct TTSuV species seemed to significantly affect the DNA load and specifically, data highlighted that double infection with TTSuVk2a increased the viral titers of TTSuV1, likewise the co-infection with TTSuVk2b increased the titers of TTSuVk2a.     

Application of cation-coated filter method to detection of noroviruses, enteroviruses, adenoviruses, and torque teno viruses in the Tamagawa River in Japan

The occurrence of human enteric viruses in surface water in the Tamagawa River, Japan, was surveyed for 1 year, from April 2003 to March 2004. Sixty-four samples were collected from six sites along the river, and 500 ml of the sample was concentrated using the cation-coated filter method, which was developed in our previous study. This method showed recovery yields of 56% +/- 32% (n = 37) for surface water samples inoculated with polioviruses. More than one kind of tested virus was detected in 43 (67%) of 64 samples by TaqMan PCR. Noroviruses and adenoviruses were detected in a high positive ratio; 34 (53%), 28 (44%), and 29 (45%) of 64 samples were positive for norovirus genotype 1 and genotype 2 and adenoviruses, respectively. The mean concentrations of norovirus genotype 1 or genotype 2 determined by real-time PCR were 0.087 and 0.61 genome/ml, respectively, showing much higher values in winter (0.21 genome/ml for genotype 1 and 2.3 genomes/ml for genotype 2). Enteroviruses were detected by both direct PCR (6 of 64 samples; 9%) and cell culture PCR (2 of 64 samples; 3%). Torque teno viruses, emerging hepatitis viruses, were also isolated in three samples (5%). The concentration of total coliforms and the presence of F-specific phages showed a high correlation with the presence of viruses, which suggested that the simultaneous use of total coliforms and F-specific phages as indicators of surface water may work to monitor viral contamination.     

Application of Cation-Coated Filter Method to Detection of Noroviruses, Enteroviruses, Adenoviruses, and Torque Teno Viruses in the Tamagawa River in Japan

The occurrence of human enteric viruses in surface water in the Tamagawa River, Japan, was surveyed for 1 year, from April 2003 to March 2004. Sixty-four samples were collected from six sites along the river, and 500 ml of the sample was concentrated using the cation-coated filter method, which was developed in our previous study. This method showed recovery yields of 56% ± 32% (n = 37) for surface water samples inoculated with polioviruses. More than one kind of tested virus was detected in 43 (67%) of 64 samples by TaqMan PCR. Noroviruses and adenoviruses were detected in a high positive ratio; 34 (53%), 28 (44%), and 29 (45%) of 64 samples were positive for norovirus genotype 1 and genotype 2 and adenoviruses, respectively. The mean concentrations of norovirus genotype 1 or genotype 2 determined by real-time PCR were 0.087 and 0.61 genome/ml, respectively, showing much higher values in winter (0.21 genome/ml for genotype 1 and 2.3 genomes/ml for genotype 2). Enteroviruses were detected by both direct PCR (6 of 64 samples; 9%) and cell culture PCR (2 of 64 samples; 3%). Torque teno viruses, emerging hepatitis viruses, were also isolated in three samples (5%). The concentration of total coliforms and the presence of F-specific phages showed a high correlation with the presence of viruses, which suggested that the simultaneous use of total coliforms and F-specific phages as indicators of surface water may work to monitor viral contamination.     

汉族人群中血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂所致咳嗽与血管紧张素转换酶基因及缓激肽β2受体基因多态性的关系冰

目的：探讨汉族人群中血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂（ACEI）所致咳嗽与血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）基因及缓激肽β2受体（BDK-RB2）基因多态性的关系。方法：应用聚合酶链反应（PCR）方法。检测汉族人群中151例由于服用ACEI引起的咳嗽患者及151例未发生咳嗽的患者的ACEI／D及BDKRB2C／T的多态性,并采用紫外法检测ACE活性。结果：发现ACE基因分布在咳嗽组中II型为47．0％,ID型为42．4％,DD型为10．6％;无咳嗽组分别为39．7％、47．0％、13.3％,两组相比其差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;BDKRB2基因分布在咳嗽组中CC型为21．3％,CT型为50．0％,TT型为28．7％,无咳嗽组分别为22．5％、47．7％、29．8％。两组相比其差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;咳嗽组ACE活性水平为[（28．3±10．1）U／L]明显低于无咳嗽组[（40．2±9．4）U／L],两组相比其差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论：汉族人群中ACEI所致咳嗽与ACE基因多态性及血清ACE水平有关,BDKRB2C／T与咳嗽间未发现有统计学意义的关联。     

High-throughput sequencing exclusively identified a novel Torque teno virus genotype in serum of a patient with fatal fever

Torque teno virus (TTV) has been found to be prevalent world-wide in healthy populations and in patients with various diseases, but its etiological role has not yet been determined. Using high-throughput unbiased sequencing to screen for viruses in the serum of a patient with persistent high fever who died of suspected viral infection and prolonged weakness, we identified the complete genome sequence of a TTV (isolate Hebei-1). The genome of TTV-Hebei-1 is 3649 bp in length, encoding four putative open reading frames, and it has a G+C content of 49%. Genomic comparison and a BLASTN search revealed that the assembled genome of TTV-Hebei-1 represented a novel isolate, with a genome sequence that was highly heterologous to the sequences of other reported TTV strains. A phylogenetic tree constructed using the complete genome sequence showed that TTV-Hebei-1 and an uncharacterized Taiwanese strain, TW53A37, constitute a new TTV genotype. The patient was strongly suspected of carrying a viral infection and died eventually without any other possible causes being apparent. No virus other than the novel TTV was identified in his serum sample. Although a direct causal link between the novel TTV genotype infection and the patient’s disease could not be confirmed, the findings suggest that surveillance of this novel TTV genotype is necessary and that its role in disease deserves to be explored.     

The high prevalence of Torque teno virus DNA in blood donors and haemodialysis patients in southern Brazil

This study investigates the frequency of Torque teno virus (TTV) infection in 150 blood donors and 77 patients requiring haemodialysis in southern Brazil. Plasma samples were screened for TTV DNA using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The prevalences of TTV among blood donors and patients requiring haemodialysis were 73.3% and 68.8%, respectively. The presence of TTV was correlated with age in the blood donors (p = 0.024). In haemodialysis patients, no association was found between TTV infection and the demographic parameters (age, sex and education), the duration of haemodialysis or a history of blood transfusion. This study is the first to evaluate the prevalence of TTV infection in Brazilian patients requiring haemodialysis.     

Quantification and Genotyping of Torque Teno Virus at a Wastewater Treatment Plant in Japan

Torque teno virus (TTV) DNA was quantitatively detected in influent and effluent samples collected from a wastewater treatment plant in Japan, with the highest concentration being 4.8 × 10⁴ copies/liter. Genogroup-specific nested PCR demonstrated that TTV of genogroup 3 was the most abundant in wastewater among the five genogroups tested.     

New Phylogenetic Groups of Torque Teno Virus Identified in Eastern Taiwan Indigenes

Torque teno virus (TTV) is a single-stranded DNA virus highly prevalent in the world. It has been detected in eastern Taiwan indigenes with a low prevalence of 11% by using N22 region of which known to underestimate TTV prevalence excessively. In order to clarify their realistic epidemiology, we re-analyzed TTV prevalence with UTR region. One hundred and forty serum samples from eastern Taiwanese indigenous population were collected and TTV DNA was detected in 133 (95%) samples. Direct sequencing revealed an extensive mix-infection of different TTV strains within the infected individual. Entire TTV open reading frame 1 was amplified and cloned from a TTV positive individual to distinguish mix-infected strains. Phylogenetic analysis showed eleven isolates were clustered into a monophyletic group that is distinct from all known groups. In addition, another our isolate was clustered with recently described Hebei-1 strain and formed an independent clade. Based on the distribution pattern of pairwise distances, both new clusters were placed at phylogenetic group level, designed as the 6th and 7th phylogenetic group. In present study, we showed a very high prevalence of TTV infection in eastern Taiwan indigenes and indentified new phylogenetic groups from the infected individual. Both intra- and inter-phylogenetic group mix-infections can be found from one healthy person. Our study has further broadened the field of human TTVs and proposed a robust criterion for classification of the major TTV phylogenetic groups.     

广东省屏障设施小鼠群中小鼠肝炎病毒感染情况

目的了解我省屏障设施小鼠群中小鼠肝炎病毒（MHV）感染情况。方法收集2003-2007年实验动物小鼠血清样品的监测数据,并对MHV感染情况有关数据进行分析。结果在6个屏障设施内抽检小鼠,5个屏障设施内抽检的样品检出MHV毒抗体阳性,检出率分别为1.4%,2.4%,2.8%,2.6%,13.2%。品系方面主要分布在BALB/c,BALB/c-nu/nu,NIH三个品系,检出率分别为3.6%,14%,7.1%。结论屏障设施小鼠群中小鼠肝炎病毒感染较为普遍。