肺炎衣原体感染与青少年I型糖尿病的相关性研究

目的：探讨肺炎衣原体感染与青少年I型糖尿病的相关性,为I型糖尿病的的临床治疗提供参考依据。方法：选择2010年12月．2012年6月间石家庄地区各医院收治的49例青少年T1DM患者为观察组,及同期50例健康人作为对照组,应用即时指尖血免疫测定仪分析受试者HbAlc水平;应用RT—PCR技术检测血液中CpnDNA;应用ELISA方法检测受试者血清中Cpn特异性抗体水平,对CpnDNA的检出情况及HbAlc水平与CpnDNA和特异性抗体水平的相关性进行统计学分析。结果：观察组CpnDNA的栓出率为46．9％,显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）;观察组Cpn抗体阳性率显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）,且观察组再次感染或慢性感染Cpn的百分率显著高于对照组（p／0．05）;HbAlc与IgG／IgA抗体水平显著相关,血糖控制较差0qbAlc〉9％）的糖尿病患者CpnIgG／IgA抗体阳性率与血糖控制较好的患者（HbA1c〈7％）相比显著升高（P〈0．05）。结论：与健康对照相比,青少年T1DM患者更容易感染Cpn,且更容易由急性感染状态进展为慢性感染形式,良好的血糖可能降低患者发生与代谢控制有关的慢性并发症。     

糖化血红蛋白、糖化血清蛋白与急性脑梗死预后的相关性

目的:分析急性脑梗死患者临床预后与糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)水平及糖化血清蛋白(GSP)水平的相关性。方法:以80例健康体检者为对照组,以80例急性脑梗死患者为观察组,对比两组入组时HbA1c水平及GSP水平差异。并根据改良Ran Kin评分将观察组分为轻症组(50例)及重症组(30例),对比两组间入组时HbA1c水平及GSP水平差异。并对观察组入组时HbA1c水平及GSP水平与治疗前后改良Ran Kin评分差值的相关性。结果:观察组HbA1c水平及GSP水平均明显高于对照组(P0.05),而重症组HbA1c水平及GSP水平同样明显高于轻症组(P0.05),同时观察组入组时HbA1c水平及GSP水平与治疗前后改良Ran Kin评分差值存在显著的负向直线相关性(P0.05)。结论:急性脑梗死患者入组时HbA1c水平及GSP水平与患者预后存在显著的相关性,可用于与评价患者的临床预后。     

不同运动方式对Ⅱ型糖尿病患者血糖控制的影响

餐后运动有利用Ⅱ型糖尿病患者的血糖控制,然而,餐后运动形式对血糖水平的影响尚不清楚。本研究共纳入113例患者,观察组57例,对照组56例。观察组患者分别在早餐后、午餐后和晚餐后30 min进行20 min中等强度的步行。对照组患者在早餐30 min后进行一次性60 min中等强度的步行。两组步行速度均为5 km/h,共运动60 d。比较两组运动后的血糖、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、血压、血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、白细胞介素-6 (IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平。研究显示,运动后两组的血糖水平均显著降低(p0.05),并且观察组的血糖水平显著低于对照组(t=8.537, p=0.011)。运动后两组的HbA1c水平均显著降低(p0.05),并且观察组的HbA1c水平显著低于对照组(t=5.688, p=0.045)。两组患者运动前后的收缩压和舒张压均无显著差异(p0.05)。运动后,两组的TG和TC水平均显著降低,而HDL-C水平均显著升高,运动前后两组的LDL-C水平无明显变化。此外,观察组的TG水平显著低于对照组,而HDL-C水平显著高于对照组(p0.05)。运动后,两组的IL-6、TNF-α和hs-CRP水平均显著降低(p0.05),并且观察组显著低于对照组(p0.05)。本研究表明餐后运动可有效降低Ⅱ型糖尿病患者的血糖和HbA1c水平,改善血脂代谢,其发生机制可能与运动诱导IL-6、TNF-α和hs-CRP这3种细胞因子水平降低有关。另外,与餐后进行一次1 h的中等强度步行相比,三餐后分别进行20 min的步行更有利于患者的血糖控制。     

钠-葡萄糖转移蛋白抑制剂2治疗糖尿病合并牙周病的临床观察

目的:探讨钠-葡萄糖转移蛋白酶抑制剂2对2型糖尿病(T2DM)伴牙周病患者疗效。方法:选择近三年来北京中医药大学第三附属医院、北京市和平里医院口腔科收治的72例T2DM伴牙周病为研究对象,观察组(A组)患者行牙周基础治疗并加用列净类药物,对照组(B组)40例患者接受牙周基础治疗加用磺脲类降糖药物。两组治疗前及治疗后3个月牙周探诊深度(I'D)、龈沟出血指数(SBI)、附着丧失(AL)值、空腹血糖CFPG)糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三脂(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、内脂素、瘦素及肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α水平的变化。结果:治疗后,两组FPG、HbA1c水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组TC、TG、LDL及HDL均显著低于对照组(P0.05)血清内脂素、瘦素及TNF-α水平均高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:钠-葡萄糖转移蛋白酶抑制剂2可显著改善T2DM伴牙周病患者的糖脂代谢紊乱水平。     

2型糖尿病合并非酒精性脂肪肝患者的临床特征及与慢性并发症的关系研究

目的:探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)合并非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)患者的临床特征,并分析其与糖尿病慢性并发症的关系。方法:选取2016年1月至2017年1月期间来我院就诊的T2DM患者245例作为研究对象,根据肝胆超声和生化检查结果,将单纯T2DM患者105例作为对照组,将T2DM合并NAFLD患者140例作为观察组,对比两组的一般情况和生化指标,并采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析T2DM合并NAFLD与大血管慢性病的关系。结果:与对照组比较,观察组病程较短,HDL-C水平较低,BMI、SBP、TC、TG、LDL-C、ALT、AST、HbA1c、FINS、INS-120、HOMA-IR、FPG、2 h PG、空腹C肽、餐后2 h C肽水平较高(P0.05)。观察组大血管发病率明显高于对照组(P0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,T2DM合并NAFLD患者合并大血管慢性病的影响因素依次是:BMI、HOMA-IR、SBP、LDL-C、HbA1c、TG。结论:合并NAFLD的T2DM患者糖尿病大血管慢性病发病率显著增加,合并NAFLD的影响因素依次为BMI、HOMA-IR、SBP、LDL-C、HbA1c、TG。     

肠道菌群与呼吸道感染患者免疫球蛋白的关系及其肠内营养的疗效

目的分析肠道菌群紊乱对呼吸道感染患者免疫球蛋白水平的影响,探讨肠内营养对此类患者的疗效。方法选取2016年2月至2018年12月在我院接受治疗的116例呼吸道感染患者作为观察组,进一步将其分为非菌群失调组(50例)和菌群失调组(66例),选取同期60例健康体检者作为对照组,比较各组对象肠道菌群失调情况和血清免疫球蛋白水平,同时对菌群失调患者在常规治疗基础上联合应用肠内营养治疗,观察其治疗效果。结果 (1)观察组患者肠道乳杆菌、双歧杆菌数量及双歧杆菌/大肠埃希菌比值(B/E)显著低于对照组,而肠球菌、大肠埃希菌数量显著高于对照组(均P0.05);观察组患者血清IgM、IgA、IgG水平均显著低于对照组(均P0.05);菌群失调组患者血清IgM、IgA、IgG水平均显著低于非菌群失调组(均P0.05)。(2)观察组患者肠道乳杆菌、双歧杆菌数量及B/E值与血清IgM、IgA、IgG水平呈显著正相关(均P0.05),而大肠埃希菌和肠球菌数量与之呈显著负相关(均P0.05)。(3)菌群失调组患者血清ALB、PA水平随治疗时间的延长而逐渐升高,CRP、PCT水平逐渐降低,IgM、IgA、IgG水平逐渐升高,乳杆菌、双歧杆菌数量和B/E值逐渐增加,大肠埃希菌和肠球菌数量逐渐减少(均P0.05)。结论呼吸道感染患者存在明显的肠道菌群失调情况,其与患者免疫球蛋白水平的降低有关,这可能是引发呼吸道感染的主要危险因素。肠内营养支持疗法能有效改善患者肠道菌群失调,降低血清炎性因子水平,增强机体免疫力,提高患者营养状况及治疗效果。     

糖化血红蛋白与糖尿病及其并发症的关系

目的:探讨糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)与糖尿病诊断、疗效评价及并发症的关系。方法:选择2型糖尿病患者250例和健康体检者150例,分别测定空腹血糖(FPG)、2h血糖(2hPG)及糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c),统计学分析HbA1c与FPG、2hPG的相关性;分析HbA1c与糖尿病并发症发生的关系。结果:糖尿病组FPG、2hPG及HbA1c水平均显著高于对照组(P<0.01);糖尿病伴有并发症患者的HbAlc明显高于无并发症者(P<0.05),HbA1c水平与糖尿病并发症的发生率存在高度相关性(P<0.01)。结论:检测外周血中HbA1c水平对2型糖尿病诊断、疗效评价具有重要临床价值,控制糖化血红蛋白对预防糖尿病并发症的发生具有重要意义。     

空腹血葡萄糖及糖化血红蛋白在慢性肝病患者中诊断糖尿病的对比研究

目的:比较空腹血葡萄糖(FPG)和糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)在肝病人群中糖尿病(DM)诊断中的意义.方法:对142例未诊断为DM的对象同时检测FPG和HbA1c.分别按1999年世界卫生组织(WHO)诊断糖尿病标准(FPG-≥ 7.0 mmol/L)和美国糖尿病协会(ADA)新标准(HbA1c≥ 6.5％),对研究对象进行分组(DM和非DM组),比较2个检测指标在诊断DM中的差异.以FPG为诊断DM的金标准,计算HbA1c诊断DM的灵敏度、特异度、预测值、似然比等诊断性能.结果:FPG均值在2种标准诊断的DM患者之间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),在2种标准诊断的非DM患者之间差异则无统计学意义(P＞0.05).HbA1c均值在2种标准诊断的DM患者间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),在2种标准诊断的非DM患者间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).HbA1c≥6.5％诊断糖尿病的灵敏度(S)为100％.特异度(Sp)为93％,阴性似然比(-LR)为0.00和阳性似然比(+LR)为14.29.结论:HbA1c在肝病人群中诊断糖尿病有较高的诊断灵敏度和特异度.     

肺炎衣原体感染与老年急性脑梗死患者炎症因子、血脂水平及血流动力学的关系研究

目的:研究肺炎衣原体(CP)感染与老年急性脑梗死患者炎症因子、血脂水平及血流动力学的关系。方法:选择老年急性脑梗死患者(n=120)和同期入院的健康体检者(n=120)作为研究对象,分别作为观察组和对照组,采用微量免疫荧光试验(MIF)测定两组的CP特异性抗体A(IgA)、特异性抗体G(IgG)、特异性抗体M(IgM),比较两组的CP抗体阳性率。将观察组依据CP的感染与否分为感染者和未感染者,比较两组血液中炎症因子、血脂水平及血流动力学指标的差异,采用logistic回归方法分析特异性抗体阳性与急性脑梗死的相关性。结果:观察组CP抗体IgA和IgG的阳性率均显著高于对照组(P0.05),而两组IgM的阳性率比较无统计学差异(P0.05);观察组中感染者肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平均高于未感染者(P0.05);感染者总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、载脂蛋白B(ApoB)与全血粘度、血细胞比容、血浆粘度和红细胞聚集指数均显著高于未感染者,而高密度脂蛋白(HDL)水平低于未感染者(P0.05);多因素logistic回归分析结果显示IgA、IgG抗体阳性均是急性脑梗死的独立危险因素(P0.05),而未发现IgM抗体与急性脑梗死的发生有关(P0.05)。结论:CP感染与老年急性脑梗死的发生发展有关,其机制可能与炎症因子的大量释放、血脂代谢紊乱和血流动力学的改变,从而造成动脉粥样硬化斑块和血栓的形成有关。     

妊娠糖尿病患者血清HbA1c与CRP水平的相关性分析

目的:为明确妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)患者血清糖化血红蛋白(glycosylated hemoglobin,Hb A1c)与C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)的关系,本研究检测了GDM患者血糖、血清Hb A1c与CRP水平,并对Hb A1c与CRP的相关性进行了分析。方法:以68例2015年4月至2017年4月于我院诊治的GDM孕妇为研究对象,所有患者均符合《妇产科学》中关于GDM的诊断标准,另选取68例正常孕妇为对照组。采用葡萄糖氧化酶法检测血糖水平(空腹血糖及餐后2 h血糖水平),采用免疫凝集法检测和比较两组血清糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)水平,采用免疫透射比浊法检测血清C反应蛋白(CRP)水平,并分析HbA1c与CRP的相关性。结果:GDM组患者空腹血糖(fasting plasma glucose,FPG)、2 h血糖(plasma glucose,PG)、血清HbA1c和CRP水平均显著高于正常组(P0.05),GDM患者血清Hb A1c和CRP水平呈显著正相关关系(r=0.654,P0.05)。结论:GDM患者血清HbAlC和CRP水平相较于正常孕妇有显著提高,且二者呈显著的正相关关系,二者联合检测可能作为GDM早期诊断的筛查的重要参考指标。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.