提高人类表现的动态光照明（英文）

讨论了基于LED和荧光灯光源以及有无紫外线光谱的动态光照明的分类和应用。介绍了基于荧光灯的动态光照明历史。并讨论了发光二极管技术应用于动态光照明的原因。综述了动态光照影响人体皮质醇,褪黑素,警觉性,体温和情绪的作用机理。并介绍紫外线照射的安全标准。提出了一种理想的动态光照明,此种动态光考虑显色指数,色温,光照度,光谱结构和动态变化。     

紫外光源及太阳UV-B辐射的模拟实验

介绍了用于UV-B生物学效应研究的几种常见光源,对如何利用选择性薄膜获得理想的UV-B波段的光谱,进而能较真实模拟平流层O3耗损所导致的近地表面太阳UV-B辐射的增强,以及在野外进行UV-B模拟研究时,紫外荧光灯管的排列方式等进行了分析讨论。介绍并讨论了当前UV-B辐射实验的各种方法,并就各实验设计的注意事项和安全操作等提出了建议。     

鲜花的光学性质

本文采用反射光谱、荧光光谱、激发光谱研究了迎春花、紫红色芍药、大红月季和橙红月季的光生态。结果表明,不同的鲜花光生态有明显的差异,鲜花中的花青素和类胡萝卜素在紫外光、可见光的激发下发出荧光,使鲜花更加鲜艳靓丽。通过对鲜花光生态的讨论,揭示出阳光对花儿的影响与作用,为鲜花光生态膜的开发以及人工照明的应用提供一定的生态依据。     

基于三通道的超分辨率显微镜成像

显微技术经过快速发展，已经突破了光学衍射极限，目前主要包含受激发射损耗显微术（STED）、结构光照明显微镜（SIM）、光激活定位显微成像（PALM）、随机光学重构显微术（STORM）、基于最少光子数的纳米尺度定位（MINFLUX）、结合结构光照明技术的MINFLUX技术变体（SIMFLUX）等技术。STORM技术具有优越性，在其基础上叠加多色成像技术（目前有6种），本文介绍了目前最新的多色成像技术以及分光成像实现的三通道成像技术。分光成像实现的三通道成像存在光谱串色、通道对齐误差等影响，基于此介绍了相关的优化算法原理。展示了在三通道STORM显微成像平台上实现的COS-7细胞成像。说明三通道STORM显微成像的优越性。     

FT-IR光谱在电离辐射作用于微生物研究中的应用

傅里叶变换红外光谱(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,FT-IR)是一种很有用的生物分析检测技术,通过FT-IR光谱技术可以得到有关蛋白质、脂类、核酸和多糖等微生物和细胞各类组成成分的信息。基于同步辐射光源的显微FT-IR光谱具有更高的空间分辨率和更快的测量速度,因而在生物学研究中具有进行快速、实时、动态和无损检测等优势。本文介绍了FT-IR光谱技术在微生物及电离辐射作用于微生物引起的生物学效应研究中的应用,并对该领域未来研究的发展趋势进行了展望。     

光学技术在早期龋齿检测中的应用

介绍了光学技术在口腔医学早期龋齿无损检测领域的应用,包括基于牙齿自体荧光效应的定量光导荧光技术和激光龋齿检测技术;基于光散射效应的数字化显影光纤透照术,以及基于牙釉质双折射效应的偏振敏感光学相干断层术和偏振拉曼光谱技术.详细介绍了各种光学方法应用于龋齿检测的基本原理、实验方案和研究现状,并对不同的光学方法进行比较.最后,提出基于频域荧光寿命成像的早期龋齿检测方法,并对该方案的技术路线进行了介绍.     

荧光蛋白研究进展

荧光蛋白在生物学众多研究领域中有着广泛的应用,基于荧光蛋白的分子探针和标记方法已成为活细胞或活体内动态成像研究生物大分子或细胞功能的重要工具。本文对现有荧光蛋白的种类和理化特性,及其在生物学研究中的应用进行了综述介绍。重点介绍了近年来荧光蛋白在亮度、Stokes位移、光谱改变等方面的研究进展,介绍了光转换与光活化荧光蛋白及其在超分辨荧光成像技术中的应用。最后对荧光蛋白未来的发展方向进行了展望。     

光质对番茄和莴苣幼苗生长及叶绿体超微结构的影响

采用发光二极管(LED)精确调制不同光谱能量分布,以荧光灯光照为对照,研究光质对番茄和莴苣幼苗生长及叶绿体超微结构的影响.结果表明：红光下番茄、莴苣幼苗的可溶性糖、淀粉和碳水化合物含量均显著高于对照,叶片叶绿体中淀粉粒膨大显著;蓝光极显著抑制了番茄下胚轴伸长,显著提高了莴苣和番茄幼苗叶片叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素含量;红蓝光下莴苣幼苗叶片的可溶性糖、淀粉、碳水化合物、蔗糖含量和C/N均达到最大值且显著高于红光处理,番茄和莴苣幼苗的主根显著伸长,幼苗叶片中叶绿体形态正常,基粒增多,基质片层清晰,淀粉粒体积明显小于红光处理.光质对植物幼苗的光形态建成、生长、碳氮代谢及叶绿体发育有显著影响;红光下光合产物积累显著但运输受阻严重,在红光中添加适量蓝光更有利于莴苣幼苗的碳水化合物积累,并可促进幼苗根系生长,有利于同化产物输出.     

激光光谱技术在医学中的应用

本文介绍了激光荧光光谱,拉曼光谱、反射、透射光谱、光声光谱,热透镜光谱、电离光谱、皮秒光谱等光谱技术,以及它们在医学诊断、病理研究等方面的应用,并就其发展与应用提出几点看法。     

光感应化合物在光控治疗中的应用

综述了光感应化合物在以光为手段治疗疾病方面的研究和应用.介绍了光动力治疗及卟啉类和酞菁类化合物在光动力治疗中的应用现状,讨论了光动力作用中活性氧的产生机理,着重介绍了含偶氮苯基团的光感应化合物和含其它光感应材料的脂质体在光控治疗中的应用和发展,阐述了光化学内化的研究进展,并展望了光感应脂质体在光控治疗中潜在的应用价值.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.