甘草内生细菌多样性研究

以分离培养的方法对内蒙古鄂尔多斯市甘草基地野生及栽培甘草内生细菌的多样性进行了初步研究。结果表明, 野生及栽培甘草植株内存在大量种群丰富的内生细菌。经ERIC-PCR指纹图谱分析, 共分离到120株内生细菌, 野生及栽培甘草均表现出根和叶部位的内生细菌数量多于茎部。对其中82株进行16S rDNA片段测序分析, 结果表明这些内生细菌分别与GenBank中α、β、γ-Proteobacteria、Firmicutes、Actinobacteria五类细菌中的19个已知属相似性达到97％～100%。内生细菌的主要优势种群为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus sp.)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.)、泛菌属( Pantoea sp.)和沙雷氏菌属(Serratia sp.)。     

天目山野生春兰根中可培养内生细菌多样性研究

为了解春兰植物内生细菌的多样性,采用稀释涂布法对表面灭菌的天目山野生春兰根内生细菌进行分离培养。通过R2A和TSA两种培养基共分离获得63株内生细菌。对16S rDNA序列测定结果进行系统发育分析可知,63株细菌分属于β-变形菌纲(31.74%)、γ-变形菌纲(7.94%)及厚壁菌门(60.32%)。其中厚壁菌门为最优势类群,芽孢杆菌属为最优势菌属,占分离总菌数的50.79%。天目山野生春兰根内生细菌多样性指数为1.56。结果表明,初春季节天目山野生春兰根内生细菌多样性较低。     

黄瓜初花期与结瓜期叶片可培养内生细菌多样性研究

【目的】研究黄瓜初花和结瓜两个生长期叶片可培养内生细菌的多样性。【方法】采用叶片表面消毒、菌种分离、16S rDNA序列扩增和系统发育分析进行了系统研究。【结果】两时期黄瓜内生细菌的种类、数量及优势菌的种类都有明显差异。初花期叶片含菌量为(2.6±0.18)106CFU/g鲜重,分离出的38株内生细菌分别属于短小杆菌属(Curtobacterium sp.)、节杆菌属(Arthrobacter sp.)、微杆菌属(Microbacterium sp.)等14个已知属,其中优势种类为短小杆菌属菌株;结瓜期叶片含菌量为(5.2±0.42)105CFU/g鲜重,分离出的43株内生菌分别属于泛菌属(Pantoea sp.)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus sp.)等11个已知属,其中优势种类为泛菌属菌株。【结论】初花期内生菌含量是结瓜期的5倍,两时期内生菌的种类表现出很强的差异,体现出黄瓜不同生育期可培养内生菌数量和种类的多样性,相关研究为黄瓜促生内生细菌的理论探索和生产应用提供一定的研究基础。     

新疆胀果甘草内生菌的分离和鉴定

对采自新疆的健康野生胀果甘草不同组织中的内生菌进行分离,确立了分离的条件为5%NaClO4浸5min,分离纯化得到149株细菌和2种真菌。通过形态学观察和革兰氏染色,细菌中芽孢杆菌为93株,杆状菌56株,使用法国梅里埃细菌自动鉴定仪对其进行鉴定,得到鉴定结果的细菌属于13个属,真菌显微形态鉴定属于Penicillium青霉菌属和Fusarium镰刀菌属。     

亚洲韧皮杆菌兼性厌氧型伴生细菌鉴定及优势菌群分析

以定向分离培养和基于16S rDNA的PCR-DGGE (Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, DGGE)方法, 分析感黄龙病柑橘与健康柑橘植株不同部位的内生细菌多样性, 分离柑橘组织共获得19株可培养的兼性厌氧型内生细菌, 经形态、生理生化结合16S rDNA分子方法鉴定其隶属于12个属, 其中短小杆菌属Curtobacterium sp. (IF: 29.07%)、芽孢杆菌属Bacillus sp. (IF: 23.12%)和微杆菌属Microbacterium sp. (IF: 21.09%)为罹病植株的优势菌群, 芽孢杆菌属Bacillus sp. (IF: 21.03%)、动性球菌属Planococcus sp. (IF: 20.69%)和假单胞菌属Pseudomonas sp. (IF: 17.44%)为无症健株的优势菌群。对DGGE方法得到的50条16S rDNA目标条带进行序列比对, 共鉴定出9个属的细菌, 结果表明沙雷氏菌属Serrations sp. (IF: 28%)是优势菌属, 泛菌属Pantoea sp. (IF: 14%)是次优势菌属; 病果桔络中黄龙病菌含量最高(>1%), 而罹病植株其他部位的黄龙病菌丰度较低。PCR-DGGE 图谱也显示感病和健康柑橘组织的内生细菌存在差异。     

青藏高原药用植物内生细菌多样性研究

采用传统的分离方法和分子生物学的技术,对我国青藏高原药用植物党参、黄芪、连翘的内生细菌进行遗传多样性的研究,共分离到42株内生细菌,分属于9个属,其中微球菌属(Micrococcus sp.)为此类群的优势菌群。所分离到的所有菌株均属于兼性嗜碱菌和耐盐菌,这也反映了青藏高原高盐碱性的土壤性质。所分离到的3种药用植物内生细菌均对抗生素有一定的抗性,也证明了药用植物内生细菌与药用植物本身一样,具有某些抗药活性。     

新疆胀果甘草内生菌的分离及产甘草酸菌株的筛选

目的：从甘草植株中分离其内生菌,并从中筛选出1株可以产甘草酸的菌株。方法：用PDA和LB等培养基,通过组织分离法和研磨分离法从甘草的根、茎、叶中分离甘草内生菌,将分离的内生菌发酵培养,其发酵液经薄层层析初筛及高效液相色谱定性及定量检测来获得产甘草酸的内生菌。结果：分离到237株甘草内生菌,其中129株为细菌,经鉴定属于13个属;108株为真菌,根据其形态特征,确定属于6个属。获得1株产甘草酸的内生菌,产量可达0.22mg/L。结论：甘草内生菌具有丰富的生物多样性,并能产生与宿主相同或相似生理活性代谢产物。     

甘草内生细菌的分离及拮抗菌株鉴定

从乌拉尔甘草健康植株的根茎叶中共分离到内生细菌98株,经初步鉴定芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus sp.)为优势种群,约占30%;从不同生长年份甘草的根、茎、叶组织中分离内生细菌种群密度从5.0×104cfu/g~2.9×107cfu/g鲜重不等。采用平板对峙方法筛选出6株对植物病原菌有明显体外拮抗活性的菌株,通过菌落、菌体形态观察、生理生化反应及16S rDNA序列分析,同时结合Biolog细菌自动鉴定系统验证,鉴定这6株拮抗菌分属萎缩芽孢杆菌(Bacillus atrophaeus)、多粘类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus polymyxa)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、Paenibacillus ehimensis。     

新疆野生胀果甘草内生细菌多样性的非培养初步分析

摘要：【目的】了解新疆野生甘草内生细菌多样性,为开发新的微生物资源奠定基础。【方法】采用改进的CTAB (十六烷基三甲基溴化铵)法提取新疆野生胀果甘草根部总DNA,利用细菌16S rDNA 基因通用引物对甘草总DNA 进行16S rDNA 基因扩增,构建甘草内生细菌16S rDNA基因文库;挑选具有不同酶切图谱的克隆进行测序、比对并构建16S rDNA 基因系统发育树。【结果】构建的甘草内生细菌16S rDNA基因文库中, 150个克隆分属于32个不同的分类单元,Blast结果表明大部分克隆与已知细菌的16S rDNA基因序列相似性较高,分别归属于变形杆菌门(Proteobacteria)的alpha、gamma亚群,厚壁菌门(Firmicutes),放线菌门(Actinobacteria),拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)中的鞘脂菌属(Sphingobium),叶杆菌属(Phyllobacterium),生丝单胞菌属(Hyphomonas),土壤杆菌属(Agrobacterium)等14个属, 其中26%的克隆与已知细菌16S rDNA 基因相似性小于96%,可能代表新的分类单元.【结论】甘草内生细菌多样性丰富且存在尚未被认识的新物种。     

柑橘黄龙病寄主长春花内生细菌的分离及功能鉴定

【目的】感柑橘黄龙病长春花植株与健康长春花植株不同部位内生细菌菌群结构及功能对柑橘黄龙病菌与长春花内生细菌的相关性研究提供理论基础。【方法】利用兼性厌氧可培养技术以及植物内生菌功能特性分析相结合的方法。【结果】分别从感病和健康长春花叶、茎、根的组织中分离获得67株内生细菌,与GenBank中29种细菌的相似性达到97%-100%。其中短小杆菌属(Curtobacterium sp.)、欧文氏菌属(Erwinia sp.)、蜡样芽胞杆菌(Bacillus cereus)为感病长春花内生细菌的优势菌群,鞘胺醇单胞菌属(Brevundimonas sp.)、芽胞杆菌属(Bacillus sp.)为健康长春花内生细菌的优势菌群;马胃葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus equorum)为两者的共同优势菌群。29种内生细菌进行功能分析,其中6株内生细菌至少具有4种功能特性,分属于马胃葡萄球菌、苏云金芽孢杆菌、巨大芽孢杆菌、短小杆菌属、摩氏摩根菌(Morganella morganii)及溶杆菌属(Lysobacter sp.)5个属。【结论】感病与健康长春花植株中均含有丰富的内生细菌且差异较大,黄龙病菌的存在改变了长春花原有内生细菌的菌群结构。通过分析菌群的差异,有望找到与柑橘黄龙病菌生长相关的菌种。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Synthesis and antimicrobial studies of hydrazone derivatives of 4-[3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid and 4-[3-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid

Microbial resistance to antibiotics is an unresolved global concern, which needs urgent and coordinated action. One of the guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions (CDC) to combat antibiotic resistance is the development of new antibiotics to treat drug-resistant bacteria. In our effort to find new antibiotics, we report the synthesis and antimicrobial studies of 30 new pyrazole derivatives. These novel molecules have been synthesized by using readily available starting materials and benign reaction conditions. Some of these molecules have shown activity with MIC values as low as 0.78?µg/mL against four bacterial strains; Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Furthermore, active molecules are non-toxic to mammalian cell line.

     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.