耐辐射奇球菌dps突变株的构建和蛋白功能初步研究

Dps(DNAprotection during starvation)蛋白是原核生物中特有的一类具有铁离子结合和抗氧化损伤功能的重要蛋白。利用体外PCR扩增技术和体内同源重组方法,获得了耐辐射奇球菌(Deinococcus radiodurans)dps全基因(DRB0092)缺失突变株。对突变株和野生型分别进行不同浓度过氧化氢(H₂O₂)处理,结果表明:与野生型菌株R1相比,dps突变株在低浓度H₂O₂(≤10mmol/L)条件下存活率急剧下降,而高浓度(≥30mmol/L)下则完全致死。Native-PAGE活性染色结果显示,稳定生长期dps突变株体内两种过氧化氢酶(KatA和KatB)的活性较野生型R1分别上调2.3倍和2.6倍。通过质粒构建和大肠杆菌诱导表达,获得可溶性Dps蛋白。体外结合和DNA保护实验结果显示:Dps具有明显的DNA结合功能,并能保护质粒DNA免受羟自由基攻击。本研究证明,Dps蛋白在耐辐射奇球菌抗氧化体系中发挥重要作用,可能对该菌极端抗性机制有重要贡献。     

耐辐射奇球菌crtI基因缺失突变株的构建及其功能研究

利用PCR方法和体内同源重组技术,对耐辐射奇球菌(Deinococcus radiodurans)中控制色素合成的关键基因———crtI进行缺失突变,成功获得红色色素缺失突变株M61。对突变株分别进行不同剂量电离辐射(IR)和不同浓度过氧化氢(H2O2)处理,结果表明:与野生型菌株R1相比,突变株M61对电离辐射的抗性降低;对过氧化氢的敏感性明显上升,在高浓度H2O2条件下表现异常敏感。HPLC分析结果显示,crtI基因的完全缺失对色素合成途径产生重要影响,导致番茄红素和其他红色类胡萝卜素的合成被抑制。证明crtI基因是耐辐射奇球菌中控制红色类胡萝卜素合成的一个关键基因。为阐明耐辐射奇球菌中类胡萝卜素参与的抗辐射和抗氧化机制奠定了一定基础,为进一步研究类胡萝卜素在耐辐射奇球菌中的合成途径及功能提供了思路。     

耐辐射奇球菌crtⅠ基因缺失突变株的构建及其功能研究

利用PCR方法和体内同源重组技术,对耐辐射奇球菌(Deinococcus radiodurans)中控制色素合成的关键基因--crtⅠ进行缺失突变,成功获得红色色素缺失突变株M61.对突变株分别进行不同剂量电离辐射(IR)和不同浓度过氧化氢(H2O2)处理,结果表明与野生型菌株R1相比,突变株M61对电离辐射的抗性降低;对过氧化氢的敏感性明显上升,在高浓度H2O2条件下表现异常敏感.HPLC分析结果显示,crtⅠ基因的完全缺失对色素合成途径产生重要影响,导致番茄红素和其他红色类胡萝卜素的合成被抑制.证明crtⅠ基因是耐辐射奇球菌中控制红色类胡萝卜素合成的一个关键基因.为阐明耐辐射奇球菌中类胡萝卜素参与的抗辐射和抗氧化机制奠定了一定基础,为进一步研究类胡萝卜素在耐辐射奇球菌中的合成途径及功能提供了思路.     

耐辐射球菌基因DRB0099缺失突变株的构建及逆境分析

耐辐射球菌(Deinococcus radiodurans R1)有着极强的辐射抗性.研究其抗辐射的机理对于处理放射性废料有着潜在的应用价值.在耐辐射球菌的基因组中,许多序列的功能未知.其中DRB0099尤为引人注意.将DRB0099缺失突变构建该基因的突变株.对野生型和突变体进行比较后发现,在正常生长条件下的前期阶段(0～16 h),突变体生长速度比野生型慢.16 h以后,野生型逐渐进入稳定生长期.这时,突变株的生长速度高于野生型.但是,野生型的浓度一直高于突变株.表明在DRB0099被删除后,耐辐射球菌的生长可能受到了阻滞.在紫外线照射的条件下,尽管野生型随着照射剂量的增加,存活率越来越低,但是要比突变体高许多.野生型具有比突变体更强的修复DNA双链断裂的能力.DRB0099可能直接参与了对DNA的修复.突变体对H2O2的敏感程度高于野生型,表明野生型耐辐射球菌在对抗活性氧保护其蛋白质、DNA或者DNA修复方面具有比突变体更强的功能.在低浓度H2O2处理条件下,尽管野生型和突变体的存活率都出现下降趋势,但二者的差值并不大.随着H2O2剂量的增加,二者的差值越来越大.表明随着活性氧浓度的增加,蛋白质和DNA损伤的数量增加,失去DRB0099基因功能的突变体比野生型更容易受到损伤.在紫外线照射处理或者H2O2处理条件下,DRB0099能够保护蛋白质和DNA.     

铁蛋白DrfE对耐辐射异常球菌抗氧化酶活性的影响

为研究耐辐射异常球菌(Deinococcus radiodurans)中drf E编码的铁蛋白Drf E的功能,通过基因回补试验构建drf E基因的回补菌株(pdrf E∷Δ),对野生型WT、突变株Δdrf E及回补菌株pdrf E∷Δ进行不同浓度H_2O_2和Na Cl胁迫,分别测定野生型WT、突变株Δdrf E和回补菌株pdrf E∷Δ体内Fe2+含量及抗氧化酶类活性。结果显示,drf E基因缺失导致菌株对氧化和盐胁迫敏感,该基因的回补能够恢复菌株对氧化和盐胁迫的抗性。drf E基因缺失导致耐辐射异常球菌体内Fe2+浓度由232μmol/L增加至293μmol/L;80 mmol/L H_2O_2处理30 min后,突变株Δdrf E的CAT活性下降32.74%,SOD下降41.3%。以上结果表明Drf E蛋白可能参与耐辐射异常球菌铁代谢途径,并且在细胞抗氧化体系中发挥重要作用。     

耐辐射奇球菌辐射损伤修复机制的研究进展

耐辐射奇球菌是迄今为止发现的对辐射抗性最强的原核生物,是研究DNA损伤与修复的模式生物.耐辐射奇球菌(Deinococcus radiodurans,DR)对于电离辐射、紫外线、干燥、H2O2以及其他一些DNA损伤剂均表现出极强的抵抗能力,对于这种超强抗性的具体机制,学界至今尚未形成定论.对DR DNA损伤修复机制的解释包括切除修复和重组修复.本文就耐辐射奇球菌DNA辐射损伤后修复机制的研究进展作一综述.     

耐辐射奇球菌pprM基因增强大肠杆菌氧化抗性的研究

目的:探讨耐辐射奇球菌ppr M基因对大肠杆菌氧化抗性的影响。方法:氯化钙法转化分别构建含pGEX-6p-1-pprM质粒的大肠杆菌DH5α。测定不同浓度过氧化氢对含pGEX-6p-1-pprM、pGEX-6p-1和野生型大肠杆菌DH5α活性的影响以及菌体内SOD/GSH/CAT水平的变化。结果:与空质粒组和野生型组相比,含pprM的大肠杆菌在同浓度过氧化性情况下,其抑菌圈明显缩小,差异有统计学意义。与空质粒组和野生型组相比,含pprM的大肠杆菌体内CAT活力、SOD活性明显提高,但GSH量并没有明显提高。结论:pprM基因能够提高大肠杆菌抗氧化能力,其机制可能与pprM基因增强细菌体内抗氧化酶的活性有关。     

耐辐射球菌pprI在大肠杆菌中表达增强细胞抗氧化能力的研究

将耐辐射球菌(Deinococcus radiodurans)与DNA修复有关的开关基因—pprI通过穿梭质粒pRADZ3导入大肠杆菌TG1中,使其在正常培养条件下(不需诱导剂)表达PprI蛋白,并通过Western blot证实该基因在TG1中可稳定表达。与转化了空白质粒pRADZ3 TG1对照,观察了改造后的两种大肠杆菌在有H2O2氧化压力下的存活率和大肠杆菌中两种过氧化氢酶（KatE, KatG）的活性表达差异。结果表明,无论在指数生长期还是稳定生长期,能表达PprI蛋白的大肠杆菌比对照的存活率要高出10％左右;非变性电泳结果表明,耐辐射球菌pprI 在大肠杆菌中的表达使得KatE活性在指数生长期与稳定生长期分别增加1.5～2倍和2.5～3倍。证明耐辐射球菌pprI 在大肠杆菌中的表达能够增强细胞抗氧化能力。     

耐辐射球菌recQ双突变株的构建及逆境分析

RecQ解螺旋酶是生物有机体在进化中高度保守的SF1超级家族解螺旋酶的一个亚族,它对维持基因组的稳定性有重要的作用。耐辐射球菌野生型菌株R1有两个具有特殊结构的解螺旋酶DR1289和DR2444,运用PCR突变法克隆具有自身groEL启动子、KAT启动子与卡那霉素抗性基因、氯霉素抗性基因融合的DNA片段反向重组到基因组中,首次构建并鉴定了卡那霉素抗性完全突变株ΔDR1289,氯霉素抗性完全突变株ΔDR2444,双突变株ΔrecQ。辐射条件下和H2O2氧化压力下突变株生存率结果表明:ΔDR2444与R1存活率趋势线基本一致,而ΔDR1289和ΔrecQ双突变株较为敏感。根据上述结果推测,DR1289是一个对R1保持极端抗性的必须基因,而DR2444则是极端抗性的非必须基因。     

PprⅠ和RecⅩ蛋白对耐辐射奇球菌抗氧化作用的影响

利用基因突变、化学发光法和酶活性分析研究了耐辐射奇球菌中与辐射抗性密切相关的基因pprⅠ(Dr0167)和recⅩ(Dr1310)突变对菌体活性氧清除作用的影响,分析了其对抗氧化酶活性的调控功能.实验结果表明,缺失pprⅠ的突变株对活性氧自由基氧化异常敏感,过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性显著降低.与之相反,RecⅩ对菌体活性氧清除作用表现为一种"负"的影响,即缺失recⅩ的突变株对活性氧自由基的清除能力反而增强了,过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶的酶活性明显增加.表明这两个基因与抗氧化系统的调控有关.为进一步研究该菌的抗氧化机制提供了一些思路.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细