重组靶向核糖体失活蛋白luffin-α-NGR的制备及抗肿瘤活性评价

将丝瓜籽核糖体失活蛋白luffin-α与肿瘤靶向肽NGR融合,制备luffin-α-NGR重组蛋白,并检测其对肿瘤细胞与血管生成的抑制活性.通过引物设计及PCR扩增获得luffin-α-NGR融合基因,与pGEX-6p-1载体连接后获得pGEX-6p-1/luffin-α-NGR重组质粒,质粒转入大肠杆菌(Escher...     

结核分枝杆菌Rv1884c基因的克隆及其原核表达

目的:构建结核分枝杆菌Rv1884c基因的原核表达质粒,获得结核分枝杆菌Rv1884c基因的表达蛋白。方法:制备结核分枝杆菌基因组DNA,采用聚合酶链反应技术扩增目的基因片段;通过pGEX-4T-1构建质粒载体pGEX-4T-1-Rv1884c,经序列测定证实正确后转化大肠杆菌DH5α,再经IPTG诱导表达GST-1884融合蛋白;用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析重组蛋白的相对分子质量及表达形式。结果:扩增出了结核分枝杆菌Rv1884c基因,构建了具有正确基因序列的质粒载体pGEX-4T-1-Rv1884c,转化大肠杆菌DH5α后经诱导产生了高水平的表达产物。结论:构建了pGEX-4T-1-Rv1884c质粒载体,并诱导表达了GST-1884融合蛋白,为进一步研究Rv1884c蛋白的活性及其功能,探讨结核分枝杆菌快速促生长作用奠定了基础。     

耐辐射奇球菌dps突变株的构建和蛋白功能初步研究

Dps(DNAprotection during starvation)蛋白是原核生物中特有的一类具有铁离子结合和抗氧化损伤功能的重要蛋白。利用体外PCR扩增技术和体内同源重组方法,获得了耐辐射奇球菌(Deinococcus radiodurans)dps全基因(DRB0092)缺失突变株。对突变株和野生型分别进行不同浓度过氧化氢(H₂O₂)处理,结果表明:与野生型菌株R1相比,dps突变株在低浓度H₂O₂(≤10mmol/L)条件下存活率急剧下降,而高浓度(≥30mmol/L)下则完全致死。Native-PAGE活性染色结果显示,稳定生长期dps突变株体内两种过氧化氢酶(KatA和KatB)的活性较野生型R1分别上调2.3倍和2.6倍。通过质粒构建和大肠杆菌诱导表达,获得可溶性Dps蛋白。体外结合和DNA保护实验结果显示:Dps具有明显的DNA结合功能,并能保护质粒DNA免受羟自由基攻击。本研究证明,Dps蛋白在耐辐射奇球菌抗氧化体系中发挥重要作用,可能对该菌极端抗性机制有重要贡献。     

盐胁迫过程中抗坏血酸对植物的保护功能

以拟南芥抗坏血酸突变体 vtc- 1 和野生型 wt 为材料 ,研究了抗氧化系统对盐胁迫的响应机制 ,以揭示抗坏血酸 ASA 的抗氧化机理及对植物的保护功能 .结果显示 :10 0 mm ol/ L Na Cl处理 12、2 4、4 8、72 h,vtc- 1和 wt体内 MDA 丙二醛 及 H2 O2 过氧化氢 的含量均明显增加 ,但 vtc- 1增加的程度明显高于 wt,说明盐胁迫可能对vtc- 1造成了更严重的氧化伤害 .胁迫过程中 ,wt体内的几种抗氧化酶 [超氧化物歧化酶 SOD 、过氧化氢酶 CAT 、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶 APX ]活性均升高 ,而 vtc- 1体内 SOD、CAT活性降低 ,APX活性在胁迫 2 4 h之前增加 ,2 4 h之后降低 ;同时 ,vtc- 1中总的抗坏血酸含量和还原型谷胱甘肽 /氧化型谷胱甘肽 GSH/ GSSG 的比值下降 ,而 wt与此相反 .本研究表明 :抗坏血酸参与活性氧 AOS 的代谢 ,减轻 AOS对植物的伤害 ;并可能对植物细胞内的抗氧化酶具有调节作用 ,增强逆境胁迫下植物的抗逆能力 ,对植物有重要的生物学保护功能     

乳酸菌素Gassericin T基因的合成及其在大肠杆菌中的融合表达

目的:在大肠杆菌系统中表达有抗菌活性的乳酸菌素Gassericin T。方法:根据乳酸菌素Gassericin T的基因序列,把Gassericin T的结构基因gatA编码的氨基酸的密码子转换成大肠杆菌偏爱的形式;用人工合成的寡核苷酸片段,通过重叠PCR法扩增得到gatA片段(gat基因);将合成的gat基因插入pGEX-4T-1,构建pGEX-4T-1-gat融合表达载体,转化大肠杆菌DH5α株,IPTG诱导表达,经超声裂解后获得包涵体蛋白,经溶解、变性、复性处理后获得GST-Gassericin T融合蛋白;用琼脂扩散法测定其对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、李斯特菌、枯草杆菌等的抗菌活性。结果与结论:采用pGEX-4T-1融合表达系统在大肠杆菌中表达了有活性的Gassericin T,融合蛋白以包涵体形式存在。复性的融合蛋白对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌有明显的抑制作用,对李斯特菌的抑制作用不明显。     

天山雪莲SiICE2基因克隆及抗寒性分析

该研究以天山雪莲(Saussurea involucrata)的转录组数据为基础,利用Premier 5.0设计1对特异性引物SiICE2-Up和SiICE2-Down,以天山雪莲cDNA为模板克隆得到天山雪莲SiICE2基因的开放阅读框(ORF),对其进行生物信息学分析;构建植物表达载体pCAMBIA2300-35S-SiICE2-Nos,利用农杆菌介导法导入番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum),通过PCR和RT-PCR对转化植株进行验证,qRT-PCR分析转SiICE2基因番茄株系SiICE2基因的相对表达量;将转SiICE2基因型和野生型番茄在0℃处理后,进行抗寒性分析。结果表明:(1)成功克隆得到天山雪莲SiICE2基因,其大小为462bp,共编码153个氨基酸,系统进化分析发现SiICE2蛋白与菜蓟(Cynara scolymus L)亲缘关系最近。(2)成功构建了植物表达载体pCAMBIA2300-35S-SiICE2-Nos,经农杆菌介导法侵染番茄,PCR鉴定表明共有9株为转SiICE2基因番茄植株。(3)膜生理指标测定结果显示,随着低温处理时间的增加,转SiICE2基因型番茄的相对电导率、丙二醛含量均显著低于野生型,在处理时间为24h时,转SiICE2基因型番茄相对电导率比野生型低31.7%,丙二醛含量比野生型低4.2μmol/g。(4)抗氧化酶活性测定结果显示,随着低温处理时间的增加,转SiICE2基因番茄植株的POD、CAT和SOD活性均呈现持续递增趋势,野生型呈先逐渐升高后降低的趋势,且各处理时间内转SiICE2基因番茄的POD、CAT和SOD活性均显著高于野生型。研究发现,天山雪莲SiICE2基因可以显著增强非低温驯化番茄的抗寒性。     

氧化苦参碱预处理对急性心肌梗死大鼠的保护作用与机制

目的:探讨氧化苦参碱(OMT)对冠脉结扎诱导的急性心肌梗死大鼠的保护作用与机制。方法:将SD大鼠随机分为4组:假手术组、假手术+OMT组、心梗模型组,OMT预处理组(ig给予OMT 100 mg/kg)。给药12小时后,结扎冠状动脉左前降支(LAD)复制大鼠急性心肌梗死模型。8小时后,取大鼠心肌组织,通过TUNEL染色观察大鼠心肌细胞损伤及凋亡情况;收集大鼠血清,检测LDH与CK水平,过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH)的活力,丙二醛(MDA)含量,ELISA法分析血清中IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的水平。结果:与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠的凋亡心肌细胞数明显增加(P0.05),血清CK、LDH水平显著升高(P0.05);同时,血清CAT、SOD与GSH的活性明显降低(P0.001),MDA的含量、IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α水平显著增加(P0.001)。OMT预处理明显减轻了心肌梗死大鼠心肌细胞的损伤和凋亡,降低了其血清MDA含量,IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α水平,增加了其CAT、SOD与GSH的活性。结论:氧化苦参碱预处理能够显著减轻心肌梗死大鼠的心肌损伤,这可能与其抗炎、抗凋亡与抗氧化损伤作用有关。     

一种快速、精确构建大肠杆菌组氨酸营养缺陷型的方法*

将表达Red体内重组蛋白的质粒pKD46转化大肠杆菌DH5α,用 5′端与组氨酸基因同源 ,3′端与卡那霉素抗性基因同源的引物获得具有卡那霉素抗性基因的PCR产物 ,然后电击转化DH5α,在λRed重组系统的帮助下 ,通过卡那霉素抗性基因两侧的组氨酸基因序列在体内与大肠杆菌染色体上的组氨酸基因发生同源重组 ,置换了DH5α组氨酸操纵元中的hisDCB基因 ,最后利用卡那霉素抗性基因两端的FRT位点 ,通过FTP位点专一性重组将卡那霉素抗性基因去除 ,最终获得了不具抗性的大肠杆菌组氨酸营养缺陷型菌株。为在大     

胶质瘤细胞中miR-223对PAX6基因3'非翻译区的调控作用

目的:明确miR-223在胶质瘤细胞中对PAX6基因3'-UTR的靶向调控作用。方法:生物信息学软件预测PAX6基因3'-UTR的靶向miRNAs;分别构建野生型和突变型PAX6基因3'-UTR双荧光素酶报告基因质粒;共转染miR-223 mimics与野生型和突变型双荧光素酶报告基因质粒于U251细胞中,双荧光素酶检测系统测定荧光素酶活性。结果:生物信息学软件预测显示PAX6可能是miR-223的靶基因;与转染野生型PAX6 3'-UTRpsiCHECKTM-2质粒组和转染突变型PAX6 Mut 3'-UTR-psiCHECKTM-2质粒组相比,miR-223 mimics能明显降低野生型荧光素酶质粒活性。结论:miR-223能够靶向负性调控PAX6基因3'-UTR的活性。     

融合基因gfp-lacZ在克隆载体pGEM3Z-f(+)中高效表达

目的:将gfp基因克隆到pGEM3Z-f( )载体。方法:将PCR扩增得到的gfp基因插入到pGEM3Z-f( )质粒的SmaⅠ位点,构建重组质粒转化大肠杆菌DH5α。结果:含重组质粒的大肠杆菌在自然光下呈现黄绿色,而在涂X-gal的培养基上它不仅发出黄绿色荧光,而且还出现蓝色。结论:gfp基因的插入没有引起载体上lacZ基因的失活,而且形成的gfp-lacZ融合基因在大肠杆菌得到了表达。表达产物不仅具有GFP活性,而且保持了β-半乳糖苷酶的生物学活性。     

Foreign exploration for Scirtothrips perseae Nakahara (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and associated natural enemies on avocado (Persea americana Miller)

Scirtothrips perseae Nakahara was discovered attacking avocados in California, USA, in 1996. Host plant surveys in California indicated that S. perseae has a highly restricted host range with larvae being found only on avocados, while adults were collected from 11 different plant species. As part of a management program for this pest, a “classical” biological control program was initiated and foreign exploration was conducted to delineate the home range of S. perseae, to survey for associated natural enemies and inventory other species of phytophagous thrips on avocados grown in Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Trinidad, and Brazil. Foreign exploration efforts indicate that S. perseae occurs on avocados grown at high altitudes (>1500 m) from Uruapan in Mexico south to areas around Guatemala City in Guatemala. In Costa Rica, S. perseae is replaced by an undescribed congener as the dominant phytophagous thrips on avocados grown at high altitudes (>1300 m). No species of Scirtothrips were found on avocados in the Dominican Republic, Trinidad, or Brazil. In total, 2136 phytophagous thrips were collected and identified, representing over 47 identified species from at least 19 genera. The significance of these species records is discussed. Of collected material 4% were potential thrips biological control agents. Natural enemies were dominated by six genera of predatory thrips (Aeolothrips, Aleurodothrips, Franklinothrips, Leptothrips, Scolothrips, and Karnyothrips). One genus each of parasitoid (Ceranisus) and predatory mite (Balaustium) were found. Based on the results of our sampling techniques, prospects for the importation of thrips natural enemies for use in a “classical” biological control program in California against S. perseae are not promising.     

Genome Analysis inNeurospora crassa;Cloning of Four Lociarginine-1(arg-1),methionine-6(met-6),unknown-7(un-7), andribosome production-1(rip-1) and Associated Chromosome Walking

We have cloned fourNeurospora crassagenes by complementation analysis. Cloned genes include thearginine-1(arg-1),methionine-6(met-6),unknown-7(un-7), andribosome production-1(rip-1) loci. Chromosome walks were initiated in ordered cosmid libraries from the cloned loci. A total of about 700 kb of theNeurosporagenome is covered in these walks.     

Evolutionary relationships among aquatic anamorphs and teleomorphs: Lemonniera, Margaritispora, and Goniopila

The hypothesis that similar conidial morphologies in aquatic hyphomycetes are a result of convergent evolution was tested using molecular sequence data. Cladistic analyses were performed on partial sequences of 28S rDNA of seven species of Lemonniera, one species of Margaritispora and one species of Goniopila. Lemonniera has tetraradiate conidia with long arms, whereas Margaritispora and Goniopila have typically globose (isodiametric) conidia, with short conical protuberances in a stellate or quadrangular arrangement. Lemonniera and Margaritispora have phialidic conidiogenesis and both produce dark, minute sclerotia in culture whereas Goniopila has holoblastic conidiogenesis and does not produce sclerotia in culture. Goniopila produces a microconidial phialidic synanamorph in culture. All three genera have schizolytic conidial secession. Molecular analyses demonstrate that Lemonniera species are placed in two distinct clades: one within Leotiomycetes; the other within Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes. Margaritispora is placed with Lemonniera species within Leotiomycetes. Goniopila and Lemonniera pseudofloscula are placed within Dothideomycetes. No morphological character was entirely congruent with the molecular derived phylogeny. This suggests that for the group of species studied, conidial shape is not a reliable indicator of phylogeny but more likely the result of convergent evolution in response to the aquatic environment.     

The phylogenetic placement of Ostropales within Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota) revisited

Results of molecular studies regarding the phylogenetic placement of the order Ostropales and related taxa within Lecanoromycetes were thus far inconclusive. Some analyses placed the order as sister to the rest of Lecanoromycetes, while others inferred a position nested within Lecanoromycetes. We assembled a data set of 101 species including sequences from nuLSU rDNA, mtSSU rDNA, and the nuclear protein-coding RPB1 for each species to examine the cause of incongruencies in previously published phylogenies. MP, minimum evolution, and Bayesian analyses were performed using the combined three-region data set and the single-gene data sets. The position of Ostropales nested in Lecanoromycetes is confirmed in all single-gene and concatenated analyses, and a placement as sister to the rest of Lecanoromycetes is significantly rejected using two independent methods of alternative topology testing. Acarosporales and related taxa (Acarosporaceae group) are basal in Lecanoromycetes. However, if the these basal taxa are excluded from the analyses, Ostropales appear to be sister to the rest of Lecanoromycetes, suggesting different ingroup rooting as the cause for deviating topologies in previously published phylogenies.     

The phylogenetic placement of the Leucogastrales, including Mycolevis siccigleba (Cribbeaceae), in the Albatrellaceae using morphological and molecular data

The morphology of many hypogeous fungi converges on a homogeneous reduced form, suggesting that disparate lineages are subject to a uniform selection pressure. The primary goal of this study was to evaluate the morphology and infer the phylogeny of the Leucogastrales with Mycolevis siccigleba using a Bayesian methodology. A comprehensive morphological assessment was used for an a priori phylogenetic inference to guide the sequencing effort. All structures except spore ornamentation pointed to the Albatrellaceae as the most likely sister taxon. Polyporoletus sublividus, a close relative of Albatrellus, produces ornamented basidiospores with a similar structure to M. siccigleba basidiospores. The ITS from 30 taxa was used for the molecular phylogenetic analysis. P. sublividus was found sister to Mycolevis. Leucophleps spinispora and L. magnata formed a group sister to the Polyporoletus/Mycolevis group, whereas Leucogaster was polyphyletic with respect to the core of the Leucogastrales and sister to A. caeruleoporus. This relationship was expected as previously undescribed chlamydospores produced by members of Albatrellus had a similar morphology to the basidiospores of L. rubescens.     

中国石蕊科地衣研究之四石蕊属地衣新种及中国新记录

摘要:本文报道了中国横断山地区石蕊属地衣12种,其中新种1个:贡嘎石蕊(Cladonia ngganensis S.Y. Guo & Wei),中国新记录11种:类黄粉石蕊(Cl. bacilliformis),比蒙氏石(Cl. beaumontii),小棍棒石蕊(Cl. clavulifera),圆筒石蕊(Cl. cylindrica),具粉石蕊(Cl. farinacea),北海道石蕊(Cl. hokkaidensis),厚叶石蕊(Cl. incrassata),大叶石蕊(Cl. macrophylla),丛杯石蕊( Cl. mateocyatha),多孔石蕊(Cl. multiformis)和亚石蕊(Cl. subrangiformis)。对于每一种的化学成分及地理分布进行了测定和分析。     

甘菊ClHSP70与ClHSP90基因的克隆及表达分析

该研究以甘菊(Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium)为实验材料,通过RT-PCR方法从甘菊转录组数据中分离出热激蛋白合成相关基因,命名为ClHSP70和ClHSP90。序列分析表明,ClHSP70基因ORF全长为2 559bp,编码852个氨基酸,蛋白功能区预测表明含有典型的HSP70蛋白NBD和SBD保守结构域;ClHSP90基因ORF全长为2 094bp,编码697个氨基酸,含有HATPase结构域和HSP90保守结构域。生物信息学分析表明,甘菊ClHSP70与大豆(Glycine max)和烟草(Nicotiana tomentosiformis)HSP70蛋白有较高的一致性,ClHSP90基因编码的氨基酸序列与紫茎泽兰(Ageratina adenophora)HSP90高度相似;实时荧光定量表达分析表明,在42℃处理不同时间,甘菊叶片中ClHSP70和ClHSP90基因表达均在0.5h时显著增加,1h达到最大值,2h后缓慢下降;不同组织表达分析表明,甘菊在42℃处理1h后,ClHSP70在成熟叶中的表达量显著高于嫩叶和根等其他组织;ClHSP90在成熟茎中的表达量最高。研究说明,ClHSP70和ClHSP90基因具有热激蛋白特征,参与了甘菊热胁迫应答过程,该研究结果为以后深入研究其基因功能奠定了基础。     

A new fungal genus, Teracosphaeria, with a phialophora-like anamorph (Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota)

The new genus and species Teracosphaeria petroica is described for a perithecial ascomycete and its anamorph occurring on decayed wood collected in New Zealand. The fungus produces immersed, non-stromatic ceratosphaeria-like perithecia in nature, with hyaline, septate ascospores produced in unitunicate, non-amyloid asci. The anamorph produced in vitro is phialophora-like with lightly pigmented phialides terminating in flaring, deep collarettes that are often noticeably brown with conspicuous periclinal thickening. Phylogenetic analysis of LSU rDNA sequence data indicates that this fungus is distinct from morphologically similar fungi classified in the Chaetosphaeriales, the Trichosphaeriales or the Magnaporthaceae. It forms a monophyletic group with recently described, chaetosphaeria-like ascomycetes, such as the pyrenomycete genus Mirannulata, and shows affinity with the anamorphic species Dictyochaeta cylindrospora. The usefulness of describing anamorph genera for morphologically reduced anamorphs, when anamorph characteristics are actually part of the holomorph diagnosis, is discussed. An apparently contradictory example of the so-called Cordana and Pseudobotrytis anamorphs of Porosphaerella spp. is also discussed.