坝上长尾鸡pmel基因核心启动子的鉴定

为探明坝上长尾鸡的前黑素小体蛋白(Pre-melanosomal protein,Pmel)基因核心启动子区,首先构建了双荧光素酶表达载体,通过脂质体瞬时转染鸡胚成纤维细胞DF1,并利用双荧光素酶检测试剂盒进行启动活性检测。成功克隆了坝上长尾鸡pmel基因5?侧翼区片段1268bp,预测启动子区(-1200–+68)含有2个CpG岛和多种转录因子结合位点,构建了9个含有不同长度pmel基因启动子片段的表达载体及1个核心启动子区突变载体,说明鸡pmel基因启动子的核心区域为-840–+68bp,其中-840–-590bp和-525–-266bp区域为正调控区,-590–-525bp区域为负调控区,多态位点(-456、-435、-410、-374和-341)对pmel基因启动子活性有较大影响。     

人TCF7L2基因启动子生物信息学分析

[目的]探讨人TCF7L2基因启动子特征。[方法]从UCSC数据库获得人TCF7L2基因5'调控区2 000 bp序列,利用多种在线软件对启动子、转录因子结合位点、Cp G岛、SNP等进行分析。[结果]5'调控区2 000 bp序列正义链上至少存在5个潜在的启动子,其中-242～-192 bp、-853～-803 bp之间可能包含核心启动子。查找到1个TATA盒,存在1个长度为499 bp的Cp G岛。Ali Baba2. 1、PROMO和JASPAR软件分别预测到241、944、1 035(正义链)个转录因子结合位点。利用conreal程序在人和小鼠TCF7L2基因启动子保守区域内预测到207个共同的转录因子结合位点,涉及到66种转录因子。启动子区发现2个SNP位点。[结论]对人TCF7L2基因启动子进行了生物信息学分析,获得了启动子特征。     

大白猪GABRR2基因SNP筛选及结构、功能的预测和分析

为了筛选大白猪GABRR2基因的SNP和对GABRR2基因进行结构、功能的预测和分析,本研究利用30头大白猪混池为模板,通过PCR扩增GABRR2基因外显子,测序后进行SNP筛选,并对测序结果进行拼接,利用多种生物信息学软件对大白猪GABRR2基因启动子区、编码区、3'UTR区进行了一系列的分析.结果显示,大白猪GABRR2基因在c615、c660、c798和c1134共有4个同义突变;RNGTT、SRSF12和ANKRD63个基因在GABRR2基因连锁区间内,且编码的蛋白具有相互作用;起始密码子上游2 000bp区域在385～435号碱基和759～806号碱基区域有2个核心启动子区域,在核心启动子386～395、769～778有Sp1转录因子结合位点,757～766有CREB-2转录因子结合位点,775～784有NF-1转录因子结合位点,在1 593～1 752号碱基区间内有一个 CpG 岛;3'UTR 区域有 14个 miRNA 结合位点,其中 miR-365-3p、miR-497-5p、miR-5195-3p 和miR-145-5p评分高于80.研究结果表明,大白猪GABRR2基因CDS区全长1 380 bp,存在4个同义突变,保守性高;编码一个具有4个跨膜结构、1个信号肽的亲水性蛋白,与RNGTT基因功能可能有密切联系;2个核心启动子区域内含有Sp1、CREB-2和NF-1三种共4个转录因子结合位点,且启动子区有一个特征的CpG岛;3'UTR 区域存在 miR-365-3p、miR-497-5p、miR-5195-3p 和 miR-145-5p 共4个 miRNA 结合区域.     

人PRL-3基因启动子的克隆及转录因子Snail结合位点的初步鉴定

促肝细胞再生磷酸酶-3(PRL-3)是重要的肿瘤转移相关基因,其转录调控机制一直未被阐明.应用TRED在线分析系统共获得3种可能的人PRL-3基因启动子区域.通过与人基因组序列进行比对,发现其中3号启动子序列距离人PRL-3基因距离最近,位于该基因上游约1 kb的DNA区域,与5′端非翻译区域邻接.在线Consite分析系统发现,-500 bp至-451bp之间存在Snail结合的核心寡核苷酸序列CACCTG.运用分子克隆的方法获得PRL-3基因启动子2段区域-699 bp至299bp及-642 bp至-383 bp区域,后者具有Snail结合位点核心寡核苷酸序列CACCTG.构建具有荧光素酶报告基因的pGL3载体并检测其启动子活性.-699～299 bp区域与-642～-383 bp区域的DNA片段在SW480、SW620、CNE2、293A细胞中均具有启动子活性,其中含有Snail结合位点核心寡核苷酸序列CACCTG的短片段活性强于较完整的序列.染色质免疫沉淀结合PCR扩增技术及凝胶迁移阻滞实验确定PRL-3基因启动子区域具有Snail结合位点.研究确定,PRL-3基因的启动子位于转录起始位点上游700 bp与下游300 bp的DNA区域,PRL-3基因启动子存在转录因子Snail结合元件.     

人NPCEDRG基因启动子的克隆及CCAAT/NFY结合位点初步分析

NPCEDRG基因是采用基因定位候选克隆策略获得的一个鼻咽癌候选抑瘤基因.NPCEDRG在鼻咽癌细胞和组织中表达下调,重新恢复NPCEDRG基因在CNE2细胞系的表达,可部分逆转CNE2的恶性表型.为揭示NPCEDRG基因在鼻咽癌细胞和组织中表达下调的分子机制,联合应用生物信息学和报告基因载体系统分析方法对NPCEDRG基因启动子区进行克隆及功能分析,系统发育进化足迹分析结果表明,NPCEDRG基因5′端调控区-180～+235 bp区间在脊椎动物中高度保守,该保守区域中存在包括CCAAT/NFY、STAT1和SP1等转录因子结合位点.构建Luc和/或EGFP报告基因表达载体并检测其启动子活性,-146～-8 bp区域有较强的启动子活性,电泳迁移阻滞分析实验(EMSA)提示,CCAAT/NFY转录因子结合位点是NPCEDRG基因的转录调控元件.因此,研究确定-146～-8 bp区域是NPCEDRG基因核心启动子区域且启动子核心元件CCAAT/NFY可能参与NPCEDRG基因的转录调控.     

儿童孤独症相关基因NRXN1β启动子功能分析

Neurexins是神经特异性突触蛋白,Neurexin1β结构的异常与孤独症密切相关。为分析孤独症相关基因NRXN1β最小启动子和调节基因转录的功能元件,本文构建了含NRXN1β基因上游调控区不同区域的荧光素酶报告基因质粒,转染HEK293细胞后,利用检测双荧光素酶报告基因的转录活性以确定NRXN1β基因最小启动子区,进而筛选出相应的显著增强或抑制报告基因活性的功能区;同时,为鉴定顺式作用元件,利用基因定点突变技术对基因功能区内和临近DNA序列进行连续的碱基突变;最后,采用转录因子预测工具对启动子功能区内的转录调控元件进行分析。结果首次发现NRXN1β最小启动子区位于-88~+156 bp,-88~-73 bp和+156~+149 bp可增强启动子活性,+229~+419 bp可抑制启动子活性,且-84~-63 bp为能够显著性增强启动子活性的顺式作用元件,该区域可能存在DBP(Albumin D-site-binding protein,DBP)和ABF1(Autonomously replicating sequence-binding factor 1,ABF1)两个转录因子结合位点。     

猪早期胚胎发育中SOX2基因启动子活性分析

转录因子SOX2 (sex determining region Y-box2)在早期胚胎发育第一次谱系分化以及内细胞团多能性维持等方面具有重要的作用。但是目前有关SOX2基因启动子的系统研究较少,尤其是在猪(Sus scrofa)中尚无相关报道。为系统分析猪SOX2基因启动子在早期胚胎中的活性,本研究通过优化显微注射体系中绿色荧光蛋白表达载体种类和注射时间,构建了适合猪SOX2基因启动子活性分析的参照体系和显微注射体系;对猪SOX2基因翻译起始位点上游5000 bp区域进行转录因子结合位点的预测,发现该区域存在4个转录因子结合位点簇;针对上述区域设计并构建相应的缺失型SOX2基因启动子报告载体,利用建立的显微注射体系将其导入胚胎,通过mCherry荧光强度以及qRT-PCR定量分析SOX2基因启动子中不同转录因子结合位点簇对启动子活性的影响。结果表明,与全长SOX2基因启动子相比,SOX2基因翻译起始位点上游2254～2442 bp区域缺失后,猪4-细胞和8-细胞胚胎中SOX2基因启动子活性下降至17.8%,该缺失区域中仅包含两个NF-AT(nuclear factor of activated T cells)转录因子结合位点。因此,本研究结果推测猪SOX2基因启动子中NF-AT转录因子结合位点是影响猪早期胚胎SOX2基因启动子活性的关键位点。本研究为揭示猪早期胚胎发育中SOX2基因表达调控机制提供了数据支持。     

PC-1增强受体酪氨酸激酶家族成员EphA3在前列腺癌细胞中的转录

为了研究前列腺癌相关基因(prostate and colon gene 1, PC-1）对受体酪氨酸激酶家族分子EphA3表达的影响,用RT-PCR、实时PCR和Western印迹检测表达不同水平PC-1的前列腺癌细胞系LNCaP和C4-2中EphA3的表达情况. 发现PC-1可诱导EphA3基因表达上调. 采用荧光素酶实验检测PC-1对于EphA3启动子转录活性的影响,结果显示,PC-1对转录起始位点上游916 bp的启动子活性没有影响,而可增强转录起始位点上游2011 bp启动子的活性.对EphA3启动子－916 bp～－2　011 bp区域进行生物信息学分析,结果显示,此区域包含HSF、NF-1、Nkx-2、SP1和GATA-1等多种转录因子结合位点.实验结果表明,PC-1可通过影响EphA3启动子诱导EphA3基因高表达,其调控区域位于转录起始位点上游－2　011　bp至－916 bp之间,提示PC-1可能通过影响一些结合于此区域的转录因子来影响EphA3启动子的转录活性.     

人A4GNT基因5'调控区的结构和功能分析

为探索人α1,4-N-乙酰葡糖胺转移酶(α1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase,A4GNT)基因表达的调控机制,应用5'cDNA末端快速扩增法和引物延伸法确定了A4GNT基因的转录起始位点.在生物信息学分析的基础上,构建了系列5'缺失荧光素酶报告基因载体和定点突变载体.瞬时转染胃癌细胞MKN45和AGS.荧光素酶活性分析表明,A4GNT基因转录的核心启动子在-141bp～+116bp区域,该区域缺乏典型的TATA盒,但含有CCAAT盒、Sp1和ETS-1等转录因子潜在结合位点.突变分析显示,-136bp～-131bp的Sp1结合位点及-93bp～-89bp正向CCAAT序列对A4GNT启动子转录激活至关重要.电泳迁移率变动分析表明,这两个顺式作用元件能够与转录因子Sp1和NF-Y结合.另外,在-1464bp～-771bp区域可能含有与基因的特异性表达相关的调控元件.     

Effects of MULTIFOLIATE-PINNA, AFILA, TENDRIL-LESS and UNIFOLIATA genes on leafblade architecture in Pisum sativum

In order to dissect the genetic regulation of leafblade morphogenesis, 16 genotypes of pea, constructed by combining the wild-type and mutant alleles of MFP, AF, TL and UNI genes, were quantitatively phenotyped. The morphological features of the three domains of leafblades of four genotypes, unknown earlier, were described. All the genotypes were found to differ in leafblade morphology. It was evident that MFP and TL functions acted as repressor of pinna ramification, in the distal domain. These functions, with and without interaction with UNI, also repressed the ramification of proximal pinnae in the absence of AF function. The expression of MFP and TL required UNI function. AF function was found to control leafblade architecture multifariously. The earlier identified role of AF as a repressor of UNI in the proximal domain was confirmed. Negative control of AF on the UNI-dependent pinna ramification in the distal domain was revealed. It was found that AF establishes a boundary between proximal and distal domains and activates formation of leaflet pinnae in the proximal domain.     

Presence of Rhizobium Etli bv . Phaseoli and Rhizobium Gallicum bv . Gallicum in Egyptian Soils

Seven bean rhizobial strains EBRI 2, 3, 21, 24, 26, 27 and 29 identified as Rhizobium etli, and EBRI 32 identified as Rhizobium gallicum, isolated from Egyptian soils and which nodulated Phaseolus vulgaris efficiently, were subjected to hybridization with a nifH probe in order to estimate the copy number of this gene. Seven strains (EBRI 2, 3, 21, 24, 26, 27 and 29) which were only able to nodulate Phaseolus vulgaris, contained three copies of the nifH gene, consistent with their identification as Rhizobium etli bv. phaseoli. Only one strain (EBRI 32) which nodulated both Phaseolus vulgaris and Leucaena leucocephala, had one copy of nifH gene. This confirmed the classification of this strain as Rhizobium gallicum bv. gallicum.     

Characterisation of cell wall polysaccharides, arabinogalactans-proteins (AGPs) and phenolics of Cola nitida, Cola acuminata and Garcinia kola seeds

Many Cola plant species are endemic to West and Central Africa. Cola acuminata and Cola nitida are used as masticatory when fresh, while the dried nuts are used for beverages and pharmaceutical purposes in Europe and North America. Garcinia kola seeds, that serve as a substitute for the true kola nuts, are used in African traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases, including colic, headache and liver cirrhosis. Seeds extracts of G. kola are also known for their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antiviral properties. To gain information on the chemical properties of the kolas, we have isolated and analyzed cell wall polysaccharides, arabinogalactan-proteins and phenolic substances from the seeds of the three kola species. The sugar composition of cell wall material of C. acuminata, C. nitida and G. kola revealed that Gal (up to 30%), Ara, GalA and Glc as the predominant monosaccharides, representing approximately 90% by mol of the total hydrolysable sugar present in this material. In Ammonium oxalate cell wall fraction, GalA was found to be the major sugar present in all kola species. In the alkali-soluble fraction, there were significant differences in the level of Glc and Gal. The level of Glc was high in C. acuminata and C. nitida while the level of Gal and Xyl were high in C. nitida and G. cola. Isolation and quantification of arabinogalactan-proteins demonstrate that G. kola seeds contained four to eight times more of these proteoglycans than the seeds of the other two species. Finally, analysis of soluble phenolic substances shows that caffeine and catechin were largely represented in C. acumina and C. nitida seeds, with caffeine accounting for 50% of all soluble phenolics. These findings indicate that the three Kola seeds are highly enriched in pectins and proteoglycans and that C. acuminata and C. nitida can be used as a possible source of caffeine and catechin.     

Prosthecium species with Stegonsporium anamorphs on Acer

Data from microscopic morphology, single-spore cultures, and DNA analyses of teleomorphs and anamorphs support the recognition of five species of Prosthecium with Stegonsporium anamorphs on Acer: P. acerinum sp. nov., the teleomorph of S. acerinum; P. acerophilum comb. nov., formerly known as Dictyoporthe acerophila; P. galeatum comb. nov., originally described as Massaria galeata; P. opalus sp. nov.; and P. pyriforme sp. nov., the teleomorph of S. pyriforme s. str. The morphology of both type specimens and freshly collected material was investigated. The teleomorphs have brown ellipsoidal ascospores with five distosepta and often a longitudinal distoseptum. The anamorphs of all species described here belong to Stegonsporium; their connection to the Prosthecium teleomorphs was demonstrated by morphology and DNA sequences of single spore cultures derived from both ascospores and conidia. The anamorphs and teleomorphs of all five Prosthecium species are described and illustrated by LM images, and a key to these species is provided. As perceived from this work, S. pyriforme is restricted to Europe and does not occur in North America, whereas S. acerinum is restricted to North America, not found in Europe. The host associations given in the literature are revised and evidence is provided that only A. opalus, A. pseudoplatanus, and A. saccharum are confirmed hosts of Prosthecium with Stegonsporium anamorphs. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of tef1, ITS rDNA, and partial nuLSU rDNA sequences confirm that the species with Stegonsporium anamorphs are closely related to P. ellipsosporum, the generic type species. Stilbospora macrosperma is confirmed as the anamorph of P. ellipsosporum by DNA data of single spore isolates obtained from both ascospores and conidia.     

Comparative study of Bifidobacteriumanimalis, Escherichiacoli, Lactobacilluscasei and Saccharomycesboulardii probiotic properties

The present work investigates some probiotic properties of four different microorganisms (Bifidobacterium animalis var. lactis BB-12, Escherichia coli EMO, Lactobacillus casei and Saccharomyces boulardii). In vitro and in vivo tests were carried out to compare cell wall hydrophobicity, production of antagonistic substances, survival capacity in the gastrointestinal tract of germ-free mice without pathological consequence, and immune modulation by stimulation of Küpffer cells, intestinal sIgA and IL-10 levels. In vitro antagonism against pathogenic bacteria and yeast was only observed for the probiotic bacteria B. animalis and L. casei. The hydrophobic property of the cell wall was higher for B. animalis and E. coli EMO, and this property could be responsible for a better ability to colonize the gastrointestinal tract of germ-free mice. Higher levels of sIgA were observed mainly for S. boulardii, followed by E. coli EMO and B. animalis, and only S. boulardii induced a significant higher level of IL-10. In conclusion, for a probiotic use, S. boulardii presented better characteristics in terms of immunomodulation, and B. animalis and L. casei for antagonistic substance production. The knowledge of the different probiotic properties could be used to choice the better microorganism depending on the therapeutic or prophylactic application.     

铜绿假单胞菌对青霉素类抗生素异质性耐药研究

【背景】铜绿假单胞菌是临床上常见的条件致病菌,其异质性耐药的发生常导致临床治疗失败。【目的】研究铜绿假单胞菌对青霉素类抗生素的异质性耐药情况,为相关临床感染治疗提供一定的依据。【方法】收集临床分离的50株铜绿假单胞菌,采用纸片扩散法(diskdiffusion method)即Kirby-Bauer (K-B)法、菌落谱型分析(population analysis profile,PAP)法、生长实验以及传代稳定性实验探究铜绿假单胞菌的异质性耐药特征。【结果】K-B法初筛得到铜绿假单胞菌对哌拉西林(piperacillin,PIP)、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦(piperacillin/tazobactam,TZP)和替卡西林/克拉维酸(ticarcillin/clavulanic acid,TIM)的异质性耐药率分别为52%、52%和54%。PAP实验确认后有13株异质性耐药菌,其检出率占总实验菌株的26%。随机选取8株异质性耐药菌株,其耐药亚群的发生频率为7.3×10-7-1.2×10-5。通过无抗生素压力的生长实验发现,异质性耐药菌株PAS92、PAS57与其各自的3株最高PIP浓度平...     

Probing the Drosophila retinal determination gene network in Tribolium (II): The Pax6 genes eyeless and twin of eyeless

The Pax6 genes eyeless (ey) and twin of eyeless (toy) are upstream regulators in the retinal determination gene network (RDGN), which instructs the formation of the adult eye primordium in Drosophila. Most animals possess a singleton Pax6 ortholog, but the dependence of eye development on Pax6 is widely conserved. A rare exception is given by the larval eyes of Drosophila, which develop independently of ey and toy. To obtain insight into the origin of differential larval and adult eye regulation, we studied the function of toy and ey in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum. We find that single and combinatorial knockdown of toy and ey affect larval eye development strongly but adult eye development only mildly in this primitive hemimetabolous species. Compound eye-loss, however, was provoked when ey and toy were RNAi-silenced in combination with the early retinal gene dachshund (dac). We propose that these data reflect a role of Pax6 during regional specification in the developing head and that the subsequent maintenance and growth of the adult eye primordium is regulated partly by redundant and partly by specific functions of toy, ey and dac in Tribolium. The results from embryonic knockdown and comparative protein sequence analysis lead us further to conclude that Tribolium represents an ancestral state of redundant control by ey and toy.     

转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花对异色瓢虫生长发育及其捕食功能的影响

【目的】为探究转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花对异色瓢虫生长发育及其捕食功能的影响。【方法】以转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉与其亲本常规棉为实验材料,利用取食不同棉花品种叶片的棉铃虫饲喂异色瓢虫幼虫。【结果】与常规亲本棉相比,取食饲喂转基因棉花叶片的初孵棉铃虫幼虫的异色瓢虫幼虫从1龄发育至化蛹期时间延长0.77 d,但差异不显著;除1龄幼虫体重增加(0.0773 mg)外,其余各龄期幼虫体重均有所下降,但差异均不显著;异色瓢虫1、2、3、4龄幼虫对初孵棉铃虫捕食量均随棉铃虫密度的增加而增加,捕食功能反应均符合HollingⅡ圆盘方程。【结论】转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花对异色瓢虫生长发育无显著影响,饲喂取食转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花的棉铃虫对异色瓢虫捕食功能无显著差异。