鼠脑突触体Mg^2＋—ATP酶质子泵活性的研究

位于突触体质膜的外向型（ｅｃｔｏ）Ｍｇ＾２－ＡＴＰ酶具有水解ＡＴＰ活性,能量偶联的ＡＣ－ＭＡ荧光淬灭实验表明Ｍｇ＾２＋－ＡＴＰ酶水解ＡＴＰ时向膜内转移质子,建立跨膜质子梯度,跨膜质子梯度可以被电中性Ｋ＾＋／Ｈ＾＋离子载体Ｎｉｇｅｒｉｃｉｎ消除,利用Ｈ＾＋敏感的ＢＣＥＣＦ荧光分子测定突触的ｐＨｉ变化,结果表明水解ＡＴＰ产生的质子转移突触体ｐＨｉ下降了光分子测定突触的ｐＨｉ变化,结果表示水解ＡＴＰ产生     

α1-肾上腺素受体亚型介导细胞内游离Ca2+增高的信号转导途径

本文探讨了α１ａ,α１ｂ,α１ｄ三种亚型肾上腺素受体激动时细胞内Ｃａ６２＋浓度升高的信号转导途径。在稳定表达三亚型α１－ＡＲ的ＨＥＫ２９３细胞２系中,用ｆｕｒａ－２方法细胞内Ｃａ＾２＋信号强弱的变化。结果显示,百日咳毒素对去甲肾上腺素激动三亚型α１－ＡＲ而引起的「Ｃａ＾２＋」ｉ升高无影响,Ｕ－７３１２２和ＰＭＡ明显抑制「Ｃａ＾２＋」ｉ升高．     

铝和铝＋钙对小麦幼苗根尖质膜,液泡膜微囊ATP酶和膜流动性？…

研究了铝和铝＋＿钙对小麦功苗根尖质膜、液泡膜微囊Ｈ＾＋－ＡＴＰ酶、Ｃａ＾２＋－ＡＴＰ酶、Ｍｇ＾２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性及共动力学参数和膜流动性的影响。在质膜和液泡膜微囊制剂中加入１．０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＡＩ＾３＋（ＡＩＣＩ３）时,Ｈ＾２＋－ＡＴＰ囊制剂中加入１．０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＡＩ＾３＋（ＡＩＣＩ３）时,Ｈ＾＋－ＡＴＰ酶、Ｃａ＾２＋－ＡＴＰ酶、Ｍｇ＾２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活笥和酶促反应的Ｖｍａｘ及膜流动性下降,而酶     

细锥香茶菜甲素的结构订正和丙素的化学结构

前已报道［１］从唇形科香茶菜属植物细锥香茶菜（Ｒａｂｄｏｓｉａｃｏｅｔｓａ（Ｂｕｃｈ．Ｈａｎ．ｅｘＤ．Ｄｏｎ）Ｈａｒａ）中分离到３个结晶单体,并测定了其中两个单体——细锥香茶菜甲素（１）和乙素的结构。本文通过１Ｈ－１ＨＣＯＳＹ、１３Ｃ－１ＨＣＯＳＹ和ＮＯＥＳＹ,修订细锥香茶菜甲素（１）的结构为（２）,并经理化常数测定和光谱分析,确定了另一结晶单体——微量新成分细锥香茶菜丙素（３）的结构。（２）Ｒ１＝Ｒ２＝Ｒ４＝Ｈ,Ｒ３＝ＯＡｃ,Ｒ５＝ＯＣＨ３（３）Ｒ１＝Ｒ３＝Ｒ４＝Ｈ,Ｒ２＝ＯＡｃ,Ｒ５＝ＯＣＨ…     

大豆液泡膜H^＋—ATPase功能与构象关系的初步研究

大豆液泡膜Ｖ型Ｈ＾＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ是ＡＴＰａｓｅｓ中的一种,它在植物细胞的生长发育中有重要的作用。利用竹红菌乙素（ＨＢ）和ＫＩ这两种分别猝灭蛋白质疏水区域内源荧光和亲水区域内源荧光的荧光猝灭剂,在不同ｐＨ值、温度条件下对纯化的大豆液泡膜Ｖ型ＡＴＰａｓｅ进行荧光猝灭实验,初步探讨了Ｖ型Ｈ＾＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ的水解活性同其蛋白质折叠状态间的关系。研究表明,通过比较不同ｐＨ值、温度条件下蛋白质疏水区域和亲     

He—Ne激光照射对成纤维细胞内[Ca^2＋]i浓度影响的流式细胞计测定

目的：Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光照射治疗的机理不明,激光照射引起细胞内Ｃａ＾２＋水平变化,为治疗机理提供理论依据。方法：Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光照射引起鼠成纤维细胞Ｌ９２９内［Ｃａ＾２＋］ｉ的变化,用ＨＯ３４２对细胞ＤＮＡ活性染色,Ｆｌｕｏ－３ＡＭ对细胞内Ｃａ＾２＋染色,利用ＦＣＭ同时定量分析细胞ＤＮＡ和细胞内Ｃａ＾２＋的变化。结果：激光照射１５ｍｉｎ（光剂量１１．８１Ｊ／ｃｍ＾２后,ＦＣＭ分析可见ＤＮＡ分布直方图右移     

氧化HDL2在大肠肝窦状隙细胞内代谢

大鼠肝窦状隙细胞培养结果显示：氧化高密度脂蛋白２对异硫氰酸荧光素荧光标记ｏｘ－ＨＤＬ２的细胞结合有竞争抑制作用,而ＨＤＬ２则无。细胞内ＦＩＴＣ－ｏｘ－ＨＤＬ２的荧光强度和「＾３Ｈ『ＣＥ－ｏｘ－ＨＤＬ２的的４５．５％和ｒＨＤＬ２的６１．４％。内吞ＦＳ主要存在于三氯醋酸沉淀部分,而放射强度主要存在于ＴＣＡ上清液部分。     

离体小鼠胃切片高亲和性GABA摄取及其特性的研究

本文应用同位素示踪法,研究了在３７℃Ｋｒｅｂｓ－ｈｅｎｓｅｌｅｉｔｂｉｃａｒｂｏｎａｔｅｂｕｆｆｅｒ中培育的小鼠胃切片的＾３Ｈ－ＧＡＢＡ摄取及其特性,表明小鼠胃中存在一种高亲和性的（Ｋｒｎ＝４μＭ）,最大摄取速度Ｖｍａｘ为２．７８Ｐｍｏｌ／ｍｇ组织／ｎ的,可饱和的,Ｎａ＾＋依赖的ＧＡＢＡ摄取系统,摄取的最佳条件为ｐＨ７．４,温度３７℃,Ｋ＾＋,Ｃａ＾２＋浓度５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,Ｍｇ＾２＋浓度２．５ｍｍ     

氧化HDL_2在大鼠肝窦状隙细胞内代谢

大鼠肝窦状隙细胞培养结果显示：氧化高密度脂蛋白２（ｏｘ－ＨＤＬ２）对异硫氰酸荧光素（ＦＩＴＣ）荧光标记ｏｘ－ＨＤＬ２的细胞结合有竞争抑制作用,而ＨＤＬ２则无。细胞内吞ＦＩＴＣ－ｏｘ－ＨＤＬ２的荧光强度（ＦＳ）和［３Ｈ］ＣＥ－ｏｘ－ＨＤＬ２（ｒ－ｏｘ－ＨＤＬ２）的放射强度分别是内吞ＦＩＴＣ－ＨＤＬ２的４５．５％和ｒＨＤＬ２的６１．４％。内吞ＦＳ主要存在于三氯醋酸（ＴＣＡ）沉淀部分,而放射强度主要存在于ＴＣＡ上清液部分。细胞释放的ＦＳ和放射活性分别是内吞量的６７．７％和１０．９％,且主要存在于ＴＣＡ可沉淀部分。结果提示：（１）大鼠肝窦状隙细胞可能存在着ｏｘ－ＨＤＬ受体,该受体不同于ＨＤＬ受体。（２）ｏｘ－ＨＤＬ２在细胞内代谢方式与ＨＤＬ２相似,均没有经历溶酶体分解途径。在细胞内载脂蛋白与胆固醇酯（ＣＥ）组分经历一个解离过程。细胞截留大部分ＣＥ后,将载脂蛋白（Ａｐｏ）与剩余ＣＥ重组成脂蛋白并以逆向胞饮方式释放到胞外。（３）氧化修饰减弱ＨＤＬ２逆向转运胆固醇能力     

ACTH4-9类似物对小鼠海马突触体Ca2+水平的调节作用

本工作观察了Ｏｒｇ２７６６（ＡＣＴＨ４－９的类似物）对海马突触体内游离Ｃａ＾２＋水平及对＾４５Ｃａ＾２＋摄取的影响。采用细胞内钙离子荧光探针Ｆｕｒａ－２,通过Ｓｐｅｘ－阳离子测定系统检测突触体内［Ｃａ＾２＋］ｉ的动态变化,并用液闪光谱仪测定突触体对＾４５Ｃａ＾２＋的摄取。结果表明：较低剂量的ＯＲＧ２７６６对突触体内［Ｃａ＾２＋］ｉ的影响不明显,却显著降低突触体对＾４５Ｃａ＾２＋的摄取;高剂量的Ｏｒ     

Reduced lateral mobility of a fluorescent lipid probe in cholesterol-depleted erythrocyte membrane

The effect of cholesterol depletion of the human erythrocyte membrane on the lateral diffusion rate of a fluorescent lipid probe is reported. At low temperatures (?5 to 5°C), the diffusion of the probe is 50% slower in the cholesterol-depleted membrane than in non-depleted membrane. At high temperatures (30 to 40° C), probe mobility is not affected by cholesterol depletion. These results suggest that cholesterol suppresses aspects of phospholipid phase changes in animal cells in a manner consistent with its behavior in artificial bilayers and multilayers.Whole erythrocytes were depleted of 30–50% of their cholesterol by incubation with a sonicated dispersion of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine. Cells were then labeled with 3,3′-dioctadecylindocarbocyanine (diI), a phospholipid-like fluorescent dye, and hemolyzed into spherical ghosts. The rate of lateral motion of diI was measured by observing the fluorescence recovery after local photobleaching with a focused laser spot.The diffusion rate of the lipid probe in both control and cholesterol-depleted erythrocyte membrane is substantially smaller than in any cell or model membrane previously measured.     

两种人胃癌细胞M期与间期时相质膜表面Con A受体复合物分布及侧向运动

利用荧光标记和荧光漂白恢复方法研究了两种人胃腺癌细胞M期与间期时梠中,细胞膜表面ConA受体复合物分子的分布与侧向运动.结果表明:MGC80-3细胞M期时相与SGC7901细胞间期时相膜表面ConA受体复合物分布近似,其侧向运动方式呈扩散型;SGC 7901 M期时相细胞膜表面ConA受体复合物的分布与MGC80-3细胞间期时和相基本类似,其侧向运动主要是流动型.凡是受体复合物是流动型运动的细胞.其膜上可动分子的百分比都寓于扩散型运为的细胞,P值小于0.01.     

用稳态荧光探针研究竹红菌乙素光敏损伤对人红细胞膜流动性的影响

本文以红细胞膜为材料,用了三种稳态荧光探针研究了HB光敏作用引起人红细胞膜流动性的改变.实验结果表明在HB光敏作用下,膜的旋转扩散速度和侧向扩散速度均发生明显变化,ANS和DPH探针测得HB引起膜流动性降低,也就是膜粘度增加,用芘探针结果则表明膜的侧向扩散变慢.本文还对HB光敏作用的机理进行了探讨,我们观察了数种单重态氧猝灭剂,羟自山基猝灭剂和抗氧化剂对于光敏作用的影响,分别测定了膜流动性和膜的内源荧光的变化,发现在HB光敏作用中,除了~1O_2的作用之外,还存在其它自由基的作用.在HB与HA光敏能力的比较中发现,在比较高一些浓度条件下,存在着HB大于HA的趋向.     

竹红菌乙素修饰物（－乙醇胺）对于腹水肝癌细胞光敏损伤的研究

通过竹红菌乙素修饰物（－乙醇胺,简称ＨＢ－Ｅ）对小鼠腹水肝癌细胞光敏损伤以及ＨＢＥ被ＡＨ细胞摄取过程的研究,结果表明,ＨＢ－Ｅ在６４０ｎｍ光照的条件下对ＡＨ细胞产生很强的光动力作用,细胞对ＨＢ－Ｅ的摄取速度快（室温下２ｍｉｎ,达到平衡）在饱和时每个细胞可摄取ＨＢ－Ｅ分子５×１０＾９个;经多种竹红菌素修饰物光敏能力的比较中ＨＢ－Ｅ光敏作用明显要大于其它的光敏剂,光敏机理的研究中确定了活性氧的作用是存     

Lateral diffusion of membrane lipids and proteins is increased specifically in neurites of differentiating neuroblastoma cells

Lateral diffusion of membrane lipids and proteins was determined in differentiating C1300 mouse neuroblastoma cells by fluorescence photo-bleaching recovery measurements. It is demonstrated that upon differentiation the lateral diffusion of membrane lipids and proteins is increased specifically in the extending neurites. This indicates the appearance of a topographical heterogeneity in the cell membrane, whereby more fluid domains become located in the membrane of the neurites.     

Quenching of fluorescence in membrane protein by hypocrellin B

The hypocrellin B (HB) was used as a fluorescence quencher to study the basic physical characteris-tics of HB in membrane systems, including the diffusion speed of quencher from aqueous phase into membrane phase, the partition coefficient (P) of quencher between membrane and water, and the fluorescence quenching constant of protein (Ksv; Kq). The experimental results show that the quenching of fluorescence in membrane protein by HB can be determined by the principle of dynamic quenching. The experimental process of fluorescence quenching was ob-served in detail by using the ESR technique. The signal of HB" was found to arise from an electron transfer from ex-cited trytophan to HB.     

The lack of relationship between fluorescence polarization and lateral diffusion in biological membranes

An investigation has been carried out of the relationship between changes in the fluorescence polarization of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) and concomittant changes in the lateral diffusion of proteins and lipid probes in membranes. Plasma membranes from lymphocytes and a CH1 mouse lymphoma line were treated with up to 70 mol% (relative to the total membrane phospholipid) of oleic or linoleic fatty acids. Under these conditions the fluorescence polarization of DPH decreased by between 8 and 15% which, in the framework of the microviscosity approach, suggests a membrane fluidity change of between 20 and 50%. The lateral diffusion coefficients of surface immunoglobin and the lipid probes 3,3′-dioctadecylindocarbocyanine and pyrene were also measured in these membranes using the fluorescence photobleaching recovery technique and the rate of pyrene excimer formation. The diffusion rates were found to be unaffected by the presence of free fatty acids. Hence despite large ‘microviscosity’ changes as reported by depolarization of DPH fluorescence, lateral diffusion coefficients are essentially unchanged. This finding is consistent with the idea that perturbing agents such as free fatty acids do not cause a general fluidization of the membrane but act locally to alter, for example, protein function. It is also consistent with the suggestion that lateral mobility of membrane proteins is not modulated by the lipid viscosity.     

Analysis of lateral diffusion from a spherical cell surface to a tubular projection.

Cell surfaces are often heterogeneous with respect to the lateral distribution and mobility of membrane components. Because lateral mobility is related to membrane structure, measurement of a particular component's local diffusion coefficient within a distinct surface region provides useful information about the formation and maintenance of that region. Many structurally interesting cell surface features can be described as narrow tubular projections from the body of the cell. In a companion paper, we consider the thin "tethers" that can be mechanically drawn from the red blood cell membrane, and we measure the transport of fluorescent integral proteins from the surface of the cell body onto the tether. In this paper we present an analysis to describe the surface diffusion of membrane particles from a spherical shell onto a thin cylindrical process. Provision is made for different rates of diffusion within the two morphologically distinct regions. The relative role of each region in controlling the diffusive flux between regions is determined primarily by a single dimensionless parameter. This parameter incorporates the ratio of the two diffusion coefficients as well as the dimensions of each region. The analysis can be applied to a fluorescence photobleaching experiment in which the extended process is bleached. If the dimensions of the spherical cell body and the cylindrical extension are known, then the diffusion coefficients of both regions can be determined from the experimental fluorescence recovery curve.     

Application of fluorescence photobleaching recovery to assess complex formation between the two envelope proteins of Sendai virus in membranes of fused human erythrocytes

Fusion of human erythrocytes by Sendai virions is accompanied by lateral mobilization of the viral envelope proteins (F, the fusion protein, and HN, the hemagglutinin/neuraminidase protein) in the target cell membrane; the dynamic parameters characterizing the lateral diffusion of F and HN in the fused cell membrane are identical [Henis, Y. I., & Gutman, O. (1987) Biochemistry 26, 812-819; Aroeti, B., & Henis, Y. I. (1988) Biochemistry 27, 5654-5661]. This identity raised the possibility that F and HN diffuse together in the cell membrane in mutual heterocomplexes. In order to investigate the possible formation of F-HN complexes in the target cell membrane, which could be important for the fusion process mediated by the viral envelope proteins, we combined fluorescence photobleaching recovery (FPR) measurements of the lateral mobility of the viral glycoproteins with antibody-mediated cross-linking of F or HN. After fusion, one viral glycoprotein type was immobilized by cross-linking with highly specific bivalent polyclonal IgG. The other glycoprotein type was labeled with fluorescence monovalent Fab' fragments that do not induce cross-linking, and its mobility was measured by FPR. Neither the mobile fraction nor the lateral diffusion coefficient of the Fab'-labeled viral glycoproteins was affected by immobilization of the second viral envelope protein, demonstrating that F and HN diffuse independently in the target cell membrane and are not associated in mutual complexes.     

Lateral mobility of integral proteins in red blood cell tethers.

The red blood cell membrane is a complex material that exhibits both solid- and liquidlike behavior. It is distinguished from a simple lipid bilayer capsule by its mechanical properties, particularly its shear viscoelastic behavior and by the long-range mobility of integral proteins on the membrane surface. Subject to sufficiently large extension, the membrane loses its shear rigidity and flows as a two-dimensional fluid. These experiments examine the change in integral protein mobility that accompanies the mechanical phenomenon of extensional failure and liquidlike flow. A flow channel apparatus is used to create red cell tethers, hollow cylinders of greatly deformed membrane, up to 36-microns long. The diffusion of proteins within the surface of the membrane is measured by the technique of fluorescence redistribution after photobleaching (FRAP). Integral membrane proteins are labeled directly with a fluorescein dye (DTAF). Mobility in normal membrane is measured by photobleaching half of the cell and measuring the rate of fluorescence recovery. Protein mobility in tether membrane is calculated from the fluorescence recovery rate after the entire tether has been bleached. Fluorescence recovery rates for normal membrane indicate that more than half the labeled proteins are mobile with a diffusion coefficient of approximately 4 x 10(-11) cm2/s, in agreement with results from other studies. The diffusion coefficient for proteins in tether membrane is greater than 1.5 x 10(-9) cm2/s. This dramatic increase in diffusion coefficient indicates that extensional failure involves the uncoupling of the lipid bilayer from the membrane skeleton.