锁阳ISSR-PCR反应体系的优化研究

通过单因素试验、正交试验的方法,对影响锁阳ISSR-PCR反应体系的7种主要因素在3个水平上进行优化筛选,得到锁阳ISSR-PCR反应的最佳体系:25μL反应体系中含有0.2 mmol/L dNTP、1.5 mmol/L Mg2+、10μmol/L引物、50 ng模板DNA、2.0 UTaq酶、1%去离子甲酰胺和2.5μg/μL牛血清白蛋白。相应引物的最佳退火温度为48.9℃。这一体系的建立为今后利用ISSR-PCR标记技术研究锁阳的遗传多样性奠定了基础。同时对ISSR-PCR体系中添加剂的作用进行了探讨,为添加剂在其他植物ISSR-PCR反应中的应用提供借鉴。     

栝楼ISSR-PCR体系的正交优化

目的：建立栝楼最佳ISSR-PCR正交优化体系,为开展栝楼ISSR分子标记奠定技术基础。方法：采用正交试验设计对影响栝楼ISSR-PCR扩增的重要参数（DNA模板、MgCl2、dNTPs、引物、TaqDNA聚合酶）进行优化试验,同时进行不同温度梯度试验和ISSR体系筛选。结果：最佳的栝楼ISSR-PCR的反应体系（20μl）为：30ng模板DNA,2.0mmol/L MgCl2,0.3mmol/L dNTPs,0.5μmol/L引物,0.5U Taq DNA聚合酶;退火温度为52℃-55℃;扩增反应程序为：94℃预变性5min;94℃变性30s,52℃退火1min,72℃延伸2min,35个循环;72℃延伸7min;4℃保存。结论：建立了栝楼的最佳ISSR反应体系,为栝楼种质鉴定提供了更客观可靠     

薰衣草高质量DNA提取及ISSR-PCR多重化体系的建立

以伊犁薰衣草‘701’新鲜叶片为材料,对4种基因组DNA提取方法进行比较,并通过单因子梯度比较试验结合L9(34)正交优化设计,对ISSR-PCR扩增体系中退火温度、DNA、Mg2+、dNTP和引物浓度进行最佳条件及配比筛选。结果表明,改良3×CTAB法是薰衣草高质量DNA少量提取的最佳方法 ;建立薰衣草ISSR-PCR扩增优化体系为,20μL反应体系中包括模板DNA 50 ng,Mg2+3 mmol/L,dNTP 0.3 mmol/L,引物0.3 mmol/L,Taq酶1 U;扩增程序退火温度为56℃。运用本试验建立的ISSR-PCR优化体系,对5份薰衣草种质进行了初步验证,获得了良好的多样性扩增条带。     

益智ISSR-PCR反应体系建立与优化

目的：获得适合的益智ISSR-PCR扩增反应体系。方法：利用正交设计L46（4^5）和单因素试验对益智ISSR-PCR反应体系的5因素（Taq酶,Mg^2＋,模板DNA．dNTPs,引物）在4个水平上进行优化试验,将二者所得结果进行综合比较分析。结果：最终扶得益智ISSR-PCR反应的最优体系（20μl）为：模板DNA 100ng,Mg^2＋ 3．0mmol／L,引物0．8μmol／L,dNTPs0．25mmol／L,Taq DNA聚合酶1．0U。最后,对益智ISSR-PCR最佳反应体系进行梯度退火,得到最佳退火温度为50℃。结论：这一优化系统的建立为今后利用ISSR标记技术研究分析益智遗传多样性奠定基础。     

大薯ISSR-PCR反应体系的优化

以大薯为材料,通过试验优化了ISSR-PCR反应体系中的主要成分用量及浓度、退火温度对大薯ISSR扩增结果的影响。试验表明:在20μL的反应体系中,Mg2+的浓度为1.875 mmol/L,dNTPs浓度为0.500 mmol/L,引物的浓度为1.0μmol/L,TaqDNA聚合酶的用量为1U,模板DNA的用量为60 ng,在48℃的退火温度下45个循环,能得到清晰、多态性高的ISSR带谱。     

花椒ISSR-PCR反应体系的建立与优化

采用单因子试验和正交设计2种方法对影响花椒ISSR-PCR反应体系的4个因素（TaqDNA聚合酶、Mg2＋、dNTP、引物）在3个水平上进行优化试验。选用L9（34）正交设计方案,从电泳结果中直观获得影响因素的最佳组合。单因子试验分别研究各影响因素不同含量对ISSR-PCR反应的影响情况,找出最佳反应水平。结果表明,适宜花椒ISSR-PCR反应的最佳体系为：20μL的反应体系中,Taq酶1.0U,Mg2＋2.0 mmol/L,dNTP 0.2mmol/L,引物1.0μmol/L,10×PCR buffer2.5μL,50 ng模板DNA,53℃退火,35个循环。     

番茄叶霉病菌ISSR-PCR体系的建立

以番茄叶霉病菌(Passalora fulva)基因组DNA为模板,采用单因素试验和正交设计试验对该菌ISSR-PCR体系中的一些重要参数(Mg2+、dNTPs、引物、模板DNA、TaqDNA聚合酶、缓冲液、循环次数)和引物进行筛选和优化,并对退火温度进行了梯度优化,建立了番茄叶霉病菌ISSR-PCR的最佳反应体系(20μL):Mg2+1.5 mmol/L,dNTPs 0.4 mmol/L,引物1.5μmol/L,模板DNA45 ng,TaqDNA聚合酶1.0 U,1倍的PCR缓冲液,循环40次,退火温度50℃。     

丹参ISSR-PCR反应体系的建立与正交优化

利用正交试验设计的方法,从引物浓度、Taq DNA聚合酶浓度、Mg2+浓度、dNTP浓度4种因素3个水平,对丹参ISSR-PCR反应体系进行优化分析,并在此基础上对模板DNA浓度、PCR反应过程中的退火温度进行梯度检测。结果表明:20μL ISSR-PCR反应体系中各因素的最佳浓度为1×PCR buffer、200μmol/L dNTP、1.0μmol/L引物、1.5mmol/L Mg2+和1 U Taq DNA聚合酶,最佳模板DNA浓度为20～60ng,引物UBC 835的最佳退火温度为51.7℃。     

葡萄ISSR-PCR反应体系的建立与优化

采用正交设计L9(34)对影响葡萄ISSR-PCR反应体系的4个因素(dNTP、TaqDNA聚合酶、引物、模板DNA)在3个浓度水平上进行试验,并通过直观分析初步确定其反应体系;在此基础上,通过单因素试验探讨了dNTP、TaqDNA聚合酶、引物、模板DNA、退火温度及循环次数等因素或条件对葡萄ISSR-PCR扩增结果的影响,确定最佳反应水平。最终建立了葡萄ISSR-PCR扩增的最佳反应体系:在25μL的反应体系中,dNTP浓度0.2 mmol/L,TaqDNA聚合酶的用量0.5 U,引物浓度0.4mmol/L,DNA模板用量40 ng。反应程序:94℃预变性5 min;94℃变性1 min,52℃退火1 min,72℃延伸1 min 30 s,40次循环;最后72℃延伸10 min,10℃保存。     

唐古特大黄ISSR-PCR反应条件的优化

利用单因素试验对影响唐古特大黄ISSR-PCR扩增的重要参数进行优化,以期建立其最佳反应条件。结果如下:20μL反应体系包括1.5×PCR buffer(15mmol/LTris-HCl,75mmol/LKCl),1.00mmol/LMgCl2,0.6UTaq DNA聚合酶,0.125mmol/LdNTP,0.5μmol/L引物和30ng模板DNA;引物UBC888适宜的退火温度为57.4℃。ISSR反应条件的建立为利用分子标记技术研究唐古特大黄居群遗传多样性奠定了良好基础。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细