小尾寒羊五个微卫星基因座遗传多态性研究

小尾寒羊是我国优良的地方绵羊品种,具有极高的繁殖力,平均每胎产羔2．6只。利用与绵羊高繁殖力主效基因Fec^B和FecX^1连锁的5个微卫星标记（OarAE101,BM1329,BMS2508,TGLA54t TGLA68)对244小尾寒羊母羊进行了遗传检测。用非变性（中性）聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测同卫星的PCR扩增产物,计算了5个同卫星基因座的等位基因频率,多态信息含量,基因纯合度和杂合度。在小尾寒羊中检测到BM1329有6个等位基因,片段大小为160－180bp,164bp等位基因频率最高（0．6320）;检测到OarAE101有9个等位基因,片段大小为97－135bp,97bp等位基因频率最高（0．7930）;检测到TGLA54有5个等位基因,片段大小为116－136bp,134bp等位基因频率最高（0．8500）;检测到TGLA68有2个等位基因,片段大小为98－100bp,2个等位基因频率相近,检测到BMS2508有6个等位基因,片段大小为93－115bp,99bp等位基因频率最高（0．4795）。BM1329,OarAE101,TGLA54,TGLA68,BMS2508的多态信息含量／基因纯合度／杂合度分别为0．4481／0．4840．0．5160,0．3516／0．6375／0．3625,0．2528／0．7326／0．2674,0．3733／0．5034／0．4966,0．5809／0．3581／0．6419。可见BMS2508的遗传变异最大,TGLA54的遗传变异最小。这些结果可为小尾寒羊种质特性研究提供分子基础数据。     

西门塔尔牛产奶性状的微卫星标记分析

通过对西门塔尔牛育种核心群6个父系组成的150头母牛产奶性状的测定,结合微卫星标记技术,于4条染色体上选择12个微卫星位点进行产奶性状的微卫星标记分析,研究各位点对乳脂、乳蛋白、乳糖、干物质和奶中体细胞数的遗传效应。结果表明： 12个位点都具有高度多态性,杂合度（H）在0.64～0.86之间,多态信息含量（PIC）也达到0.60以上,最高者ILST093的多态信息含量为0.85;位点ILST093对奶中体细胞数有显著性影响(P<0.05),位点BMS711对乳脂率有显著性影响(P<0.05),位点BM1905与奶中乳糖含量呈显著相关(P<0.05),位点BM6438与五个产奶性状均无相关性。     

西门塔尔牛产奶性状的微卫星标记遗传效应分析

在4条染色体上选择12个微卫星标记对西门塔尔牛育种核心群6个父系组成的150头母牛产奶性状(包括乳脂、乳蛋白、乳糖、干物质含量和奶中体细胞数)进行分子标记遗传效应分析.结果表明:12个微卫星位点都具有高度多态性,杂合度(H)均在0.64～0.86之间,多态信息含量(PIC)达0.60以上,最高为0.85(ILST093);位点ILST093对奶中体细胞数有显著性影响(P＜0.05);BMS711对乳脂率有显著性影响(P＜0.05);BM1905与奶中乳糖含量呈显著相关(P＜0.05);BM6438与5个产奶性状均无相关性.     

绵羊18号染色体微卫星多态性与后臀发育关系的研究

根据绵羊18号染色体遗传连锁图谱及相关报道, 选择了可能与Callipyge基因连锁和有关的10个高度多态微卫星基因座(ILSTS54、TGLA337、 HH47、TGLA122、BP33、OB2、BM3413、MCM38、MCMA26和CSSM18), 分别对Dorset和Suffolk两个肉羊群体的遗传特性进行了分析。研究发现, 同一微卫星基因座在Suffolk与Dorset群体间的群体遗传参数以及对同一性状的影响情况明显不同。Dorset群体中, 等位基因个数为8~16个, 杂合度为0.8370~0.9252, 多态信息含量为0.8221~0.9167; 而在Suffolk群体中相应参数分别为5~10, 0.7603~0.8913与0.7176~0.8809。对10个微卫星基因座进行臀宽的最小二乘分析, 结果表明: 在Dorset群体中, 微卫星基因座BM3413、MCMA26和CSSM18对臀宽有显著影响(P<0.05), 其余7个微卫星对后臀宽度的影响均未达到显著水平(P>0.05); Suffolk群体中微卫星基因座TGLA122、BM3413、MCM38和CSSM18对绵羊臀宽存在显著或极显著影响(P<0.05或0.01), 其余6个微卫星基因座对臀宽的影响均未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。研究表明, 导致新疆肉羊群体后臀肌过度发育可能是其他基因或QTL的作用。     

奶牛和肉牛6个STR基因座遗传多态性研究The Polymorphism Distributions of Six STR Loci in Dairy Cattle and Beef Cattle

利用PCR技术和复合电泳银染技术检测奶牛和肉牛BM2113、BM1862、BMc701、BM2934、TGLA122、BM720等6个STR基因座的多态性分布，并计算该6个基因座的基因频率（Pi）、个体鉴别力（DP）、杂合度（H）、多态信息含量（PIC）、和非父排除概率（PE）。结果显示：6个STR基因座的基因型分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡，奶牛中6个STR基因座中BM2113 基因座的DP、H和PIC最高，TGLA122基因座的PE最高。 6个STR基因座的累积个体鉴别力 （CDP）为 0.99997 ，累积非父排除能力（CPE）为 0.98827 。肉牛中6个STR基因座中BM1862 基因座的DP、H、PIC、PE都是最高，6个STR基因座的累积个体鉴别力（CDP）为 0.99999，累积非父排除能力（CPE）为 0.99578 。结果表明，6个STR基因座可用于牛的遗传连锁分析、个体识别和亲子鉴定等研究领域。Abstract：The polymorphism distributions of six STR loci，BM2113，BM1862，BMc701，BM2934，TGLA122，and BM720 were detected in cattle by Polymerase Chain Reaction and multiplex gel electrophoresis followed by silver staining. Gene frequency (Pi)，power of discrimination (DP), heterozygosity (H), polymorphism information content (PIC) and probability of paternity exclusion (PE) were calculated．All loci obey Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. DP, H and PIC of BM2113 locus, and PE of TGLA122 locus are the biggest among six STR loci in Holstein Friesian. Cumulate DP of six STR loci is 0.99997, Cumulate PE of six STR loci is 0.98827. DP, H, PIC and PE of BM1862 loci are the biggest among six STR loci in beef. Cumulate DP of six STR loci is 0.99999, Cumulate PE of six STR loci is 0.99578. These results showed that the six STR loci could be used as linkage analysis, individual identification and paternity test in cattle.     

中国美利奴(新疆军垦型)绵羊9个微卫星基因座多态性研究

利用PCR技术和复合电泳银染技术检测中国美利奴(新疆军垦型)绵羊第1号染色体上BM6506,BM1824,BM6438, ILSTS004和OarDB6 等5个基因座和第6号染色体上 BM4621,OarHH55,BM143和OarJMP8 等4个基因座,共9个基因座的基因频率（Pi）、个体鉴别力（DP）、杂合度（H）、多态信息含量（PIC）、和非父排除概率（PE）。结果显示：9个微卫星基因座的基因型分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡,绵羊中9个微卫星基因座中BM4621 基因座的DP、H、PIC和PE都为最高。9个微卫星基因座的累积个体鉴别力(CDP)为0.99999,累积非父排除能力(CPE)为0.99915。结果显示9个微卫星基因座适用于中国美利奴(新疆军垦型)绵羊的遗传连锁分析、个体识别和亲权鉴定等研究领域。     

小尾寒羊4个微卫星座位的克隆及序列分析

小尾寒羊是我国优良的地方绵羊品种 ,具有极高的繁殖力 ,平均每胎产羔 2 6只。利用与Booroola绵羊高繁殖力主效基因 FecB连锁的 4个微卫星座位 OarAE10 1、OarHH35、BM14 3和BMS2 5 0 8对小尾寒羊、多赛特羊、多赛特公羊×小尾寒羊母羊杂一代羔羊 3个绵羊群体 15 9只绵羊进行了遗传检测 ,证实了微卫星DNA的共显性遗传特性。用非变性 (中性 )聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测微卫星的PCR扩增产物。对小尾寒羊 4个微卫星座位 6个克隆的PCR扩增片段测序获得的序列已被GenBank接受 ,登录号分别为AF394 4 4 5、AF394 4 4 6、AF394 4 4 7、AF394 4 4 8、AF394 4 4 9、AF394 4 5 0。本研究中小尾寒羊微卫星OarAE10 1的测序结果与GenBank登录的绵羊OarAE10 1序列的同源性为 98% ,小尾寒羊微卫星OarHH35的测序结果与GenBank登录的绵羊OarHH35序列的同源性为 99% ,小尾寒羊微卫星BM14 3的测序结果与GenBank登录的牛BM14 3序列的同源性为 95 % ,小尾寒羊微卫星BMS2 5 0 8的测序结果与GenBank登录的牛BMS2 5 0 8序列的同源性为 95 %。测得的小尾寒羊微卫星OarAE10 1、OarHH35、BM14 3和BMS2 5 0 8均为完全的微卫星 (TG) n。这些结果可为小尾寒羊种质特性研究提供分子基础数据     

秦川母牛群体遗传特性的微卫星标记研究

为了从DNA分子水平揭示秦川牛群体遗传多态性和群体遗传结构,寻找可用于秦川牛的微卫星标记,本研究选择了12个普通牛（Bos taurus）微卫星标记检测了90头秦川母牛各微卫星位点的遗传变异及多态性。结果表明,在秦川母牛群体中,12个微卫星位点共检测到了247个等位基因,各位点的等位基因数在13（INRA005）～33个（HEL13）之间,平均每个微卫星位点的等位基因数为21个;总有效等位基因数和平均每个位点平均有效等位基因数（Ne）分别分为142．6229和11．8852。各位点平均基因频率取样方差（V（pij））为2．6036×10^-4。12个微卫星位点平均观察杂合度（Ho）和平均期望杂合度（He）在0．7842（INRA005）～0．9775（BM315）和0．7952（BM315）～0．9446（HEL13）之间。12个位点平均多态信息含量（PIC）在0．7653（INRA005）～0．9420（HEL13）之间,平均为0．8965．12个微卫星位点均属于高度多态位点,这表明秦川母牛群体中所检测各微卫星位点具有丰富的遗传多态性,具备较大的选择潜力。12个微卫星位点的平均固定指数（F）为-0．0076,即各位点杂合子的缺陷度不高,即偏离Hardy—Weinberg平衡的程度不大。     

可可西里自然保护区藏羚羊的微卫星多态性研究

藏羚羊是我国特有的珍稀濒危动物,对其开展遗传多样性的研究具有非常重要的科学价值。为了获取足够的遗传信息并进一步研究藏羚羊在核基因水平上的遗传多样性,对来自可可西里地区的75个藏羚羊干皮张样本进行了微卫星遗传多样性研究。研究从来自牛和绵羊的25个微卫星基因座中筛选到9个具有高度多态性的微卫星基因座(MCM38,MNS64,IOBT395,MCMAI,TGLA68,BM1329,BMS1341,BM3501和MB066)。用非变性聚丙烯凝胶电泳检测微卫星的PCR扩增产物,计算了这9个微卫星基因座的等位基因频率、多态信息含量、基因杂合度等指标并估算了种群数量。结果在75只藏羚羊中共检测到85个等位基因,9个微卫星基因座的等位基因数为7~12个,平均每个基因座检测到9.4个等位基因,有效等位基因数为处于4.676~9.169之间,平均为6.519;基因频率分布在0.007~0.313之间,多态信息含量在0.753~0.881之间,平均为0.818;观察杂合度为0.791~0.897,平均为0.844,期望杂合度为0.786~0.891之间,平均为0.838±0.0132,各基因座观察杂合度与期望杂合度比较接近。固定指数为-0.269~-0.097,平均为-0.163。Shannon’s指数为1.660~2.315,平均为1.990。种群数量的估算结果显示这75个体均来自同一种群。结果表明该种群在核基因水平仍具有丰富的遗传多样性。     

奶牛HSP70基因表达及其连锁微卫星标记与耐热性状的相关性

为了研究奶牛HSP70基因的mRNA表达规律和其紧密连锁的3个微卫星标记与耐热性状的相关性,文中在日平均温湿度指数(THI)为86.2(高温期)、70.9(临界高温期)和56.8(适温期)时分别采集10头处于同一泌乳阶段的同龄健康奶牛的尾静脉血,采用实时荧光定量RT-PCR技术分析不同条件下奶牛HSP70基因在外周血淋巴细胞的mRNA表达水平。结果表明:随THI升高,HSP70mRNA表达量呈上升趋势,高温期奶牛的外周血淋巴细胞HSP70mRNA表达丰度极显著高于临界高温期和适温期(P0.01),且与奶牛的耐热指标具有一定的遗传相关,表明HSP70基因可以作为奶牛热应激反应的候选基因。选取23号染色体上与HSP70紧密连锁的3个微卫星标记BMS468、BM1258和BM1815,用非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析其在160头荷斯坦奶牛的遗传变异情况,利用最小二乘法拟合线性模型初步探索了这3个微卫星座位与奶牛耐热指标的关系。相关分析表明:耐热系数、红细胞钾含量及高温期日产奶量下降率的最有利基因型在BMS468基因座和BM1815基因座上,分别为134bp/128bp(P0.05)和186bp/148bp(P0.05);BM1258基因座上,最有利基因型101bp/99bp的高温期日产奶量下降率最低(P0.05)。     

Genetic variability among Polish Red, Hereford and Holstein-Friesian cattle raised in Poland based on analysis of microsatellite DNA sequences

Polymorphism of 11 microsatellite DNA loci was analysed in Polish Red (PR), Hereford and Holstein-Friesian (HF) cattle raised in Poland and genetic distance among these breeds was determined. At the 11 loci (TGLA227, BM2113, TGLA53, ETH10, SPS115, TGLA126, TGLA122, INRA23, ETH3, ETH225 and BM1824) analysed with automated DNA sizing technology, a total of 213 alleles were identified: 76 in PR, 76 in HF, and 61 in Hereford. All the microsatellite DNA markers showed high polymorphism. Polymorphism information content (PIC) calculated for each marker exceeded 0.5, except for the ETH3 locus in Hereford cattle (PIC=0.475), and heterozygosity (H) ranged from 54.1% to as much as 85.2%. The coefficient of genetic distance was 0.354 between PR and Hereford, 0.414 between HF and Hereford, and 0.416 between PR and HF cattle.     

Application of bovine microsatellite markers for genetic diversity analysis of Swiss yak (Poephagus grunniens)

In order to assess the applicability of bovine microsatellite markers for population genetic studies in Swiss yak, 131 bovine microsatellite markers were tested on a panel of 10 animals. Efficient amplification was observed for 124 markers (94.6%) with a total of 476 alleles, of which 117 markers (94.3%) were polymorphic. The number of alleles per locus among the polymorphic markers ranged from two to nine. Seven loci (ILSTS005, BMS424B, BMS1825, BMS672, BM1314, ETH123 and BM6017) failed to amplify yak genomic DNA. Two cattle Y-chromosome specific microsatellite markers (INRA126 and BM861) amplified genomic DNA from both male and female yaks. However, two additional markers on cattle Y-chromosome (INRA124 and INRA189) amplified DNA from only males. Of the polymorphic markers, 24 microsatellites proposed by CaDBase for within- and cross-species comparisons and two additional highly polymorphic markers (MHCII and TGLA73) were used to investigate the genetic variability and the population structure of a Swiss yak herd that included 51 additional animals. The polymorphic information content ranged from 0.355 to 0.752, while observed heterozygosity (HO) ranged from 0.348 to 0.823. Furthermore, a set of 13 markers, organized into three multiplex polymerase chain reactions, was evaluated for routine parentage testing. This set provided an exclusion probability in a family of four yaks (both parents and two offspring) of 0.995. These microsatellites serve as useful tools for genetic characterization of the yak, which continues to be an important domestic livestock species.     

Progeny testing of heterozygote carriers of the Robertsonian translocation 1/29 in Bovidae

In our recent population study, 220 daughters of a heterozygote carrier of the Robertsonian translocation 1/29 were analysed by screening of metaphase spreads and typing of microsatellite markers. The segregation between markers near the centromere of chromosomes 1 and 29 and the fusion were analysed. The microsatellite markers were selected from the USDA, MARC cattle genome map. Analyses were done on AGLA17, BM6438, TGLA49, BMS 1928, BM8139, INRA117, BMS574, BMS711 and BMS4015 of chromosome 1, and on BM4602, BMC2228 and BMS1857 of chromosome 29. The two markers BMC2228 and BMS4018 in the linkage group originating from the fusion were able to either recognise or exclude 167 daughters out of 220 as carriers of the Robertsonian translocation 1/29. Fifty-three daughters showed double heterozygote markers like their father, and were therefore not informative. The use of conventional cytogenetics in combination with molecular studies has allowed a more precise evaluation of the Robertsonian translocations than either approach alone might have done.     

奶牛和肉牛6个STR基因座遗传多态性研究

利用PCR技术和复合电泳银染技术检测奶牛和肉牛BM2113、BM1862、BMc701、BM2934、TGLA122、BM720等6个STR基因座的多态性分布,并计算该6个基因座的基因频率(P_i)、个体鉴别力(DP)、杂合度(H)、多态信息含量(PIC)、和非父排除概率(PE)。结果显示:6个STR基因座的基因型分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡,奶牛中6个STR基因座中BM2113基因座的DP、H和PIC最高,TGLA122基因座的PE最高。6个STR基因座的累积个体鉴别力(CDP)为0.99997,累积非父排除能力(CPE)为0.98827。肉牛中6个STR基因座中BM1862基因座的DP、H、PIC、PE都是最高,6个STR基因座的累积个体鉴别力(CDP)为0.99999,累积非父排除能力(CPE)为0.99578。结果表明,6个STR基因座可用于牛的遗传连锁分析、个体识别和亲子鉴定等研究领域。     

波尔山羊9个微卫星标记与产羔性状的关联研究

选择与绵羊高繁殖力主效基因FecB和FecX紧密连锁的5个微卫星标记BM1329, BM143, OarHH55, TGLA68和LSCV043, 和其他4个微卫星标记ETH225, INRA063, BM1225和MAF0214, 分析研究其与波尔山羊产羔数的关联。结果表明: 所研究的9个波尔山羊微卫星基因座均为高度多态性基因座(PIC > 0.5)。找到与波尔山羊产羔性状显著相关的等位基因计12个。其中与波尔山羊第一胎产羔数有显著正效应的等位基因3个: BM143的120 bp和108 bp, ETH225的183 bp; 与波尔山羊第一胎产羔数有显著负效应的等位基因8个: BM1329的216 bp、BM143的110 bp、BM1225的255 bp和239 bp、INRA063的175 bp、177 bp和189 bp, ETH225的163 bp。与波尔山羊第二胎产羔数有显著正效应的等位基因1个: TGLA68的115 bp。     

A proposal for standardization in forensic bovine DNA typing: allele nomenclature of 16 cattle-specific short tandem repeat loci

In this study, a proposal is presented for the allele nomenclature of 16 polymorphic short tandem repeat (STR) loci ( BM1824 , BM2113 , ETH10 , ETH225 , INRA023 , SPS115 , TGLA122 , TGLA126 , TGLA227 , ETH3 , TGLA53 , BM1818 , CSRM60 , CSSM66 , HAUT27 and ILSTS006 ) for bovine genotyping ( Bos taurus ). The nomenclature is based on sequence data of the polymorphic region(s) of the STR loci as recommended by the DNA commission of the International Society of Forensic Genetics for human DNA typing. To cover commonly and rarely occurring alleles, a selection of animals homozygous for the alleles at these STR loci were analysed and subjected to sequence studies. The alleles of the STR loci consisted either of simple or compound dinucleotide repeat patterns. Only a limited number of alleles with the same fragment size showed different repeat structures. The allele designation described here was based on the number of repeats including all variable regions within the amplified fragment. The set of 16 STR markers should be propagated for the use in all bovine applications including forensic analysis.     

Establishment of paternity testing system using microsatellite markers in Chinese Holstein

To estimate the efficiency of microsatellite markers in paternity testing among Chinese Holstein, 30 microsatellite loci were used to differentiate 330 Chinese Holstein genotypes, according to the calculation of the allele frequency, number of alleles, effective number of alleles, genetic heterozygosity, polymorphic information content (PIC), and the exclusion probability in this cattle population. The results demonstrated that the exclusion probability ranged from 0.620 in locus BM1818 to 0.265 in locus INRA005 with the average of 0.472 and 11 microsatellite markers exceeding 0.5. The combined exclusion probability of nine microsatellite markers was over 0.99. The result showed that paternity testing of Chinese Holstein was basically resolved using the nine microsatellite markers selected.     

Individual identification of Chinese Holstein Bull by 10 STR loci

With the premium bull plays a growing important role in cattle industry, semen detection technology based on individual identification and phylogenetic relationship is paid more and more attention. In order to lay the foundation for the establishment of the China Holstein bull identification method, this research takes 20 Chinese Holstein dairy bull’s blood and their corresponding semen, and then extracts the DNA both from the blood and semen, analysis the genetic polymorphisms of 10 microsatellite loci (TGLA227, INRA23, TGLA122, BM2113, SPS115, ETH3, ETH225, MCM158, MAF45 and UMN0108) by microsatellite marker, discuss the feasibility of this method used to individual identification. The results showed that Chinese Holstein dairy bull genetic diversity in the ten microsatellite loci were both high, and the average polymorphic information content of TGLA227, which highest, is 0.8162, ETH225 has the lowest, which is 0.6224. Use STR loci to identify the bull’s semen, the cumulative individual identification capacity is 99.99 %, which indication that 10 STR loci can be used to the frozen semen quality test and cows individual identification.