妊娠期糖尿病与妊娠结局的临床分析

目的:探讨妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)对孕妇妊娠结局和胎儿健康的影响。方法:回顾性分析2009年8月~2012年12月在我院分娩的184例GDM患者及200例健康孕妇的临床资料,并对两组孕妇的妊娠结局进行比较。结果:GDM组妊高症35例(19.0%)、羊水过多17例(9.2%)、早产21例(11.4%)、产后出血14例(7.6%)、产褥感染12例(6.5%),发生率均显著高于对照组(P0.05);GDM组中发生巨大儿48例(26.1%)、新生儿低血糖31例(16.8%),与对照组比较均显著增高(P0.05),而胎儿宫内窘迫的发生率(3.3%)也较对照组升高,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05);GDM组剖宫产141例(76.6%),阴道产43例(23.4%),剖宫产比例较对照组显著升高(P0.05)。结论:GDM对孕妇的妊娠结局有不利影响,孕妇应加强孕期保健,规范治疗妊娠期糖尿病,减少各种并发症的发生。     

妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症合并妊娠期糖尿病的母儿结局分析

目的:探讨妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症(ICP)合并妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)对母儿结局的影响。方法:选取2012年1月至2013年2月在我院住院分娩的13例ICP合并GDM孕妇为ICP+GDM组,将同期住院分娩的69例单纯ICP孕妇归为ICP组,对两组孕妇的母儿结局进行回顾性比较分析。结果:两组孕妇的子痫前期、胎膜早破、剖宫产、产后出血发生率比较,无明显差异(P0.05);ICP+GDM组孕妇围产儿Apgar小于7分、新生儿肺炎、早产发生率明显高于ICP组,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05);ICP+GDM组孕妇围产儿平均出生体重低于ICP组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症合并妊娠期糖尿病将进一步加重围产儿不良结局,对于此类孕妇,应加强监护和管理,适时终止妊娠,以改善围产儿结局。     

200例妊娠期糖尿病临床分析

目的:回顾性研究妊娠期糖尿病产妇孕中晚期及新生儿并发症情况,以加深对妊娠期糖尿病的认识,完善孕期管理,避免或减少并发症的发生,保证母婴安全。方法:随机抽取2011年1月至2012年12月在我院住院生产的200名妊娠期糖尿病产妇,其中在我院产检并接受管理的产妇138例为观察组,没有经过我院糖尿病管理的62例产妇为对照组,分析两组并发症发生情况。结果:观察组中51例产妇发生并发症(37.0%),新生儿21例(占15.2%);对照组中产妇发生并发症50例(占80.6%),新生儿23例(占37.1%),经糖尿病管理和治疗的观察组孕产妇出现的并发症明显比没有经过管理的对照组孕产妇出现的并发症少(如妊娠期高血压疾病、产后感染、酮症酸中毒、羊水过多、早产、巨大儿、低出生体重儿、死胎、畸形、呼吸窘迫综合征等),结果具有统计学意义。结论:需要重视妊娠期糖尿病,加强妊娠期糖尿病孕期管理是减少妊娠期糖尿病并发症的有效措施。     

妊娠期糖尿病及时诊治对妊娠结局的影响分析

目的评价分析妊娠期糖尿病及时诊治对妊娠结局的影响。方法将2015年4月~2016年3月我院收治的75例妊娠期糖尿病患者作为研究对象,根据确诊治疗时间不同分为两组,实验组37例在妊娠24周以前确诊并治疗,对照组38例在妊娠24周以后确诊并治疗,比较不同诊治时间对妊娠结局的影响。结果与对照组患者比较,实验组患者的血糖控制效果较佳,经阴道分娩率高,妊娠结局改善良好,组间数据比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论早期及时进行妊娠期糖尿病的诊断、治疗,对改善妊娠结局有积极意义,临床需引以重视。     

个体化营养干预对妊娠期糖尿病患者血糖水平和妊娠结局的影响

目的：探讨个体化营养干预对妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）患者血糖水平和妊娠结局的影响。方法：选取四川省广安市人民医院2016年7月—2017年12月收治的妊娠期糖尿病患者108例,根据营养干预方案随机分为观察组和对照组各54例,观察组患者给予个体化营养干预,对照组给予常规营养干预。观察两组患者营养干预后血糖水平变化和妊娠结局情况。结果：营养干预后,观察组空腹血糖（FPG）、餐后2h血糖（2hPG）和血脂水平均明显低于对照组（P<0.05）,患者围产期产后出血、剖宫产、胎膜早破、妊娠期高血压等并发症的发生率明显低于对照组（χ2=7.15,P<0.05）,观察组新生儿低血糖、新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征、早产儿、巨大胎儿的发生率明显低于对照组（χ2=8.22,P<0.01）。结论：给予GDM患者个体化营养干预能有效控制血糖,降低孕妇和新生儿并发症的发生率,改善妊娠结局,值得在临床推广和深入研究。     

妊娠期糖尿病患者血清氨基酸水平和肠道菌群变化对妊娠结局的影响

目的探讨妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）患者血清氨基酸水平和肠道菌群变化对妊娠结局的影响。方法选取2015年1月至2022年12月在我院接受产前检查并分娩的256例GDM患者作为GDM组,另选同期253例健康妊娠妇女作为对照组。检测两组对象血清氨基酸水平和肠道菌群数量,统计两组对象不良妊娠结局。依照GDM患者妊娠结局分为正常妊娠结局组和不良妊娠结局组,比较两组患者血清氨基酸水平和肠道菌群分布情况,分析血清氨基酸水平、肠道菌群对妊娠结局的影响。结果GDM组和对照组对象血清丙氨酸、甘氨酸、蛋氨酸、精氨酸水平以及肠道拟杆菌、双歧杆菌、肠球菌、乳杆菌、肠杆菌分布情况差异均有统计学意义（t=7.090、7.789、20.762、10.124、17.995、21.134、14.989、18.189、4.428,均P＜0.05）。与对照组相比,GDM组患者不良妊娠结局总发生率显著升高（χ²=14.047,P＜0.05）。不良妊娠结局组患者血清丙氨酸、蛋氨酸水平显著高于正常妊娠结局组,甘氨酸、精氨酸水平显著低于正常妊娠结局组;同时肠道乳杆菌、双歧杆菌数量显著低于正常妊娠结局组,肠道拟杆菌、肠球菌、肠杆菌数量显著高于正常妊娠结局组（t=3.541、3.790、2.596、4.605、3.434、14.049、7.165、3.839、4.612,均P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,丙氨酸、蛋氨酸是不良妊娠结局的独立危险因素,甘氨酸、精氨酸、乳杆菌、双歧杆菌是不良妊娠结局的独立保护因素（均P＜0.05）。结论GDM患者血清氨基酸水平升高,肠道致病菌增加、益生菌减少。血清氨基酸水平及肠道菌群变化会对妊娠结局造成较大影响,临床应加强重视并采取有关干预对策。     

孕期规范化综合营养干预对妊娠期糖尿病孕妇妊娠结局的改善作用

目的：观察妊娠期糖尿病孕妇的妊娠结局,探讨规范化综合营养干预对改善妊娠期糖尿病孕妇妊娠结局的临床意义。方法：选取326例确诊为妊娠期糖尿病的患者,按就诊先后顺序,将其分为观察组和干预组,每组163例。观察组患者定期门诊产检,干预组患者孕期给予规范化综合营养干预,比较两组产妇营养干预前后体重指数,观察两组产妇剖宫产率、早产率、巨大儿发生率、胎儿窘迫发生率、产后出血发生率及产褥感染发生率。结果：观察组产妇的体重指数（BMI）明显高于干预组,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。观察组产妇剖宫产率、早产率、巨大胎儿发生率明显高于干预组,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。两组产妇胎儿窘迫发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。观察组产妇产后出血、产褥感染发生率高于干预组,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：规范化综合营养干预能够指导产妇在孕期合理饮食,保持良好的体重指数,并能够降低产妇剖宫产、早产率,降低巨大儿、胎儿窘迫发生率,并能够减少产后出血的发生率,减少产褥感染,对促进孕期母婴健康具有重要意义。     

妊娠期糖尿病患者糖化血红蛋白水平与甲状腺激素水平及不良妊娠结局的关系分析

目的:分析妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)患者糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)水平与甲状腺激素水平及不良妊娠结局的关系。方法:选取2017年2月～2018年5月期间延安大学附属医院接收的GDM患者118例作为观察组,其中血清HbAlc水平≤6.5%55例,6.5%63例。另外选取同期来我院接受孕检的110例非GDM孕妇作为对照组,比较对照组、观察组血清HbAlc、甲状腺激素水平以及不良妊娠结局,比较观察组中不同HbAlc水平患者不良妊娠结局情况,采用Pearson相关性分析HbAlc水平与甲状腺激素水平的关系。结果:观察组初次测量、二次测量时的血清HbAlc水平均高于对照组(P0.05)。观察组血清三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T_3)、游离甲状腺原氨酸(FT_3)、总甲状腺素(T_4)、游离甲状腺素(FT_4)水平均低于对照组(P0.05)。观察组羊水过多、胎儿窘迫、新生儿低血糖、早产、巨大儿的发生率均高于对照组(P0.05)。HbAlc水平6.5%的患者羊水过多、胎儿窘迫、新生儿低血糖、早产、巨大儿的发生率均高于HbAlc水平≤6.5%的患者(P0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果可知,HbAlc与T_3、T_4、FT_4、促甲状腺素(TSH)无相关性(P0.05),而与FT_3呈负相关(P0.05)。结论:血清HbAlc水平可较好地预测GDM患者不良妊娠结局,GDM患者多处于甲状腺激素水平较低状态,且HbAlc与甲状腺功能指标FT_3密切相关。     

肠道菌群变化对初产妇妊娠期糖尿病和妊娠结局及远期心血管事件的影响

目的 分析妊娠早期肠道菌群变化对初产妇妊娠期糖尿病、妊娠结局及远期心血管事件的影响。 方法 选择2010年3月至2014年12月我院收治的2 634例初产妇,按照是否为妊娠期糖尿病分为正常妊娠组(NC组)和妊娠期糖尿病组(GDM组),分析两组对象肠道菌群的变化。观察不同妊娠结局GDM患者肠道菌群变化情况以及随访心血管事件发生情况。 结果 GDM组对象BMI、FPG、HbA1c、TG、HDL C、HOMA IR、Fins、BUN、hs CRP、PLGF和肠道总细菌、拟杆菌属、双歧杆菌属、乳杆菌属、肠球菌属数量与NC组比较差异均有统计学意义(均P结论 妊娠早期肠道益生菌下降与GDM的发生具有显著相关性,GDM患者肠道部分益生菌及肠球菌与GDM患者不良妊娠结局和心血管事件存在一定关系,值得进一步研究。     

胰岛素对不同孕期妊娠糖尿病患者血糖水平及妊娠结局的影响

目的:探讨胰岛素对不同孕期妊娠合并糖尿病孕产妇血糖水平及妊娠结局的影响。方法:选择2011年7月-2015年4月在我院接受治疗的妊娠期糖尿病患者200例,均采用胰岛素治疗。检测患者血糖变化、妊娠期并发症的发生情况,并分析孕期对胰岛素治疗效果的影响。结果:治疗后产妇空腹血糖及餐后2 h血糖均低于治疗前,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);孕期32周的产妇治疗后空腹血糖及餐后2 h血糖均低于孕期≥32周的产妇,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。孕期32周的产妇妊娠高血压及产后出血的发生率均低于孕期≥32周的产妇,但早产及剖宫产的发生率高于孕期≥32周的产妇,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:胰岛素治疗能够有效控制妊娠期糖尿病产妇的血糖水平,改善妊娠结局,早期干预效果较好。     

Free Thyroxine During Early Pregnancy and Risk for Gestational Diabetes

Several studies have now reported associations between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and low free thyroxine (fT4) during the second and third trimesters, but not in the first trimester. The present study further examines relationships between low fT4, maternal weight, and GDM among women in the FaSTER (First and Second Trimester Evaluation of Risk) trial, in an effort to determine the extent to which thyroid hormones might contribute to causality. The FaSTER cohort includes 9351 singleton, euthyroid women; 272 of these women were subsequently classified as having GDM. Thyrotropin (TSH), fT4, and thyroid antibodies were measured at 11–14 weeks’ gestation (first trimester) and 15–18.9 weeks’ gestation (second trimester). An earlier report of this cohort documented an inverse relationship between fT4 in the second trimester and maternal weight. In the current analysis, women with GDM were significantly older (32 vs. 28 years) and weighed more (75 vs. 64.5 kg). Maternal weight and age (but not TSH) were significantly associated univariately with fT4 (dependent variable), in the order listed. Second trimester fT4 odds ratios (OR) for GDM were 2.06 [95% CI 1.37–3.09] (unadjusted); and 1.89 [95% CI 1.26–2.84] (adjusted). First trimester odds ratios were not significant: OR 1.45 [95%CI 0.97–2.16] (unadjusted) and 1.11 [95% CI 0.74–1.62] (adjusted). The second trimester fT4/GDM relationship thus appeared to strengthen as gestation progressed. In FaSTER, high maternal weight was associated with both low fT4 and a higher GDM rate in the second trimester. Peripheral deiodinase activity is known to increase with high caloric intake (represented by high weight). We speculate that weight-related low fT4 (the metabolically inactive prohormone) is a marker for deiodinase activity, serving as a substrate for conversion of fT4 to free triiodothyronine (fT3), the active hormone responsible for glucose-related metabolic activity.     

妊娠合并尖锐湿疣临床诊治分析及对妊娠结局的影响

目的:探讨妊娠合并尖锐湿疣的临床特点、治疗效果、复发情况及对妊娠结局的影响.方法:对71例妊娠合并尖锐湿疣(观察组)及86例非妊娠合并尖锐湿疣患者(对照组)采用二氧化碳激光进行治疗并对临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果:观察组疣体直径≥0.5 cm、疣体≥10个、合并念珠菌感染及合并2种及以上病原体感染的比例明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).观察组复发率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).观察组无不良妊娠结局发生,新生儿预后情况好.结论:二氧化碳激光治疗妊娠期尖锐湿疣安全有效,尖锐湿疣对妊娠结局及新生儿无明显影响.     

Associations of Spexin and cardiometabolic parameters among women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus

Spexin (SPX) is a novel biomarker abundantly expressed in several animal and human tissues implicated in food intake and glucose control, respectively. As new roles for SPX are emerging, the present study explored for the first time, the associations of SPX to several cardiometabolic indices and inflammatory markers in pregnant women, a demographic not yet investigated with respect to SPX. A total of 117 Saudi women subdivided to those with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (N?=?63) and those without (N?=?54) were included in this cross-sectional study. Anthropometry, glycemic, lipid, vitamin D, adipocytokines and inflammatory markers were measured consecutively at baseline and after the 2nd and 3rd trimesters. Age- and BMI adjusted comparisons revealed that levels of SPX were not significantly different in pregnant women with and without GDM. In all subjects, circulating levels of SPX showed modest associations with glucose (R?=?0.18; p?=?.08) and HOMA β (R?=??0.19; p?=?.09) as well as significant positive associations with total cholesterol (R?=?0.25; p?=?.02), LDL-cholesterol (R?=?0.25; p?=?.02), 25(OH)D (R?=?0.22; p?=?.04), albumin (R?=?0.30; p?<?.01) and IL1β (R?=?0.41; p?<?.01). Stepwise regression analysis also suggested that IL1β, leptin and albumin were the significant predictors of SPX. In summary, SPX levels modestly affect glucose and insulin sensitivity in pregnant women but is not associated with GDM and obesity. The significant association of SPX to ILβ warrants further investigation as to the role of SPX in immune modulation.     

Circulating Betatrophin Is Strongly Increased in Pregnancy and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Aims/hypothesis

Betatrophin has recently been introduced as a novel hormone and promotor of beta cell proliferation and improved glucose tolerance in mouse models of insulin resistance. In obese and diabetic humans altered levels were reported and a role in pathophysiology of metabolic diseases was therefore hypothesized. However its release and regulation in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), as well as its associations with markers of obesity, glucose and lipid metabolism during pregnancy still remain unclear.

Methods

Circulating betatrophin was quantified in 21 women with GDM and 19 pregnant body mass index-matched women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) as well as 10 healthy age-matched non-pregnant women by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Additionally we performed radioimmunassay (RIA) to confirm the results.

Results

Betatrophin concentrations measured by ELISA were significantly higher in GDM than in NGT (29.3±4.4 ng/ml vs. 18.1±8.7 ng/ml, p<0.001) which was confirmed by RIA. Betatrophin did not correlate with BMI or insulin resistance but showed a weak association with leptin levels in pregnancy and negative relationship with fasting C-peptide levels in all women. Moreover it correlated significantly with lipid parameters including triglycerides and total cholesterol in pregnancy, as well as estrogen, progesteron and birth weight.

Conclusions/interpretation

Circulating betatrophin concentrations are dramatically increased in pregnancy and are significantly higher in GDM versus pregnant NGT. In the light of the previously reported role in lipid metabolism, betatrophin may represent a novel endocrine regulator of lipid alterations in pregnancy. However additional studies are needed to elucidate whether hormonal factors, such as estrogen, control the production of betatrophin and if targeting betatrophin could hold promise in the fight against metabolic disease.     

妊娠晚期孕妇血常规检查结果的临床分析

目的:探讨妊娠晚期妇女全血细胞指标的变化及其正常参考区间,并分析其临床意义.方法:采用日本Sysmex XE-2100血细胞分析仪检测314例妊娠晚期妇女和234例健康未孕妇女进行全血细胞参数,包括红细胞、血小板、血红蛋白、白细胞和中性粒细胞百分比,并比较两组之间各参数的差异.结果:正常妊娠晚期妇女中性粒细胞百分比和血红蛋白含量符合正态分布,白细胞、血小板、红细胞计数均不符合正态分布.其白细胞数、中性粒细胞百分比显著高于健康对照组;而血小板数、红细胞数、血红蛋白含量显著低于健康对照组,两组差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论:妊娠晚期妇女血常规各项指标与正常人的参考值相比均发生了显著变化,需要临床医生引起重视.     

The Effects of Synbiotic Supplementation on Pregnancy Outcomes in Gestational Diabetes

Synbiotics are known to exert multiple beneficial effects, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidative actions. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of synbiotic administration on biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and pregnancy outcomes among gestational diabetic (GDM) women. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was carried out among 60 subjects with GDM who were not on oral hypoglycemic agents. Patients were randomly assigned to consume either one synbiotic capsule containing Lactobacillus acidophilus strain T16 (IBRC-M10785), L. casei strain T2 (IBRC-M10783), and Bifidobacterium bifidum strain T1 (IBRC-M10771) (2 × 10⁹ CFU/g each) plus 800 mg inulin (HPX) (n = 30) or placebo (n = 30) for 6 weeks. Compared with the placebo, synbiotic supplementation significantly decreased serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (? 1.9 ± 4.2 vs. +1.1 ± 3.5 mg/L, P = 0.004), plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) (? 0.1 ± 0.6 vs. + 0.3 ± 0.7 μmol/L, P = 0.02), and significantly increased total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (+ 70.1 ± 130.9 vs. ? 19.7 ± 124.6 mmol/L, P = 0.009) and total glutathione (GSH) levels (+ 28.7 ± 61.5 vs. ? 14.9 ± 85.3 μmol/L, P = 0.02). Supplementation with synbiotic had a significant decrease in cesarean section rate (16.7 vs. 40.0%, P = 0.04), lower incidence of hyperbilirubinemic newborns (3.3 vs. 30.0%, P = 0.006), and newborns’ hospitalization (3.3 vs. 30.0%, P = 0.006) compared with the placebo. Synbiotic supplementation did not affect plasma nitric oxide (NO) levels and other pregnancy outcomes. Overall, synbiotic supplementation among GDM women for 6 weeks had beneficial effects on serum hs-CRP, plasma TAC, GSH, and MDA; cesarean section; incidence of newborn’s hyperbilirubinemia; and newborns’ hospitalization but did not affect plasma NO levels and other pregnancy outcomes. http://www.irct.ir: www.irct.ir: IRCT201704205623N108     

孕期妇女钙含量与妊娠期高血压的相关性分析

目的：探讨孕期妇女钙含量与妊娠期高血压的相关性。方法：选取235例妊娠期高血压孕妇为观察组研究对象,抽取母体血清样本检测血清中微量元素钙的含量。另外选取200例正常妊娠孕妇为对照组,同样检测母血中钙的含量。比较两组孕妇的血钙含量,且对观察组孕妇进行补钙治疗后,检测其血压值的变化,探讨孕期妇女钙含量与妊娠期高血压的相关性。结果：观察组中轻度妊娠期高血压孕妇钙离子的平均浓度为（2．11±0．24）mmol／L,中度妊娠期高血压孕妇钙离子的平均浓度为（2．03±0．21）mmol／L,重度妊娠期高血压孕妇钙离子的平均浓度为（1．98±0．25）mmol／L。观察组中孕妇平均钙离子浓度为（2．05±0．22）mmol／L,而对照组中孕妇钙离子的平均浓度为（2．40±0．28）mmol／L。对照组孕妇钙离子浓度明显高于观察组孕妇（P〈0．05）。在观察组孕妇随着血压值的上升,血清钙离子浓度呈下降趋势（P〈0．05）。补钙治疗后的原轻度妊娠期高血压孕妇收缩压与舒张压较治疗前有所下降（P〈0．05）。中度及重度妊娠期高血压孕妇治疗后收缩压与舒张压较治疗前有明显下降（P〈0．01）。结论：妊娠期高血压的发生,可能与孕妇血钙含量有关,加强孕期微量元素钙的摄取,为控制妊娠期高血压的发生和发展提供了新的思路。     

妊娠高血压疾病对妊娠结局的影响及防治对策探讨

目的：研究妊娠高血压疾病对妊娠结局的影响及防治对策讨论。方法：选择回顾性研究方法,选择2010年9月到2012年8月到我院的妊娠高血压患者60名作为观察组,并且同期选择60名正常妊娠妇女作为对照组,比较妊娠高血压患者的母体并发症（早产、胎盘早剥、产后出血）等及胎儿妊娠结局等情况与对照组的比较。结果：妊娠高血压患者不同程度对妊娠结局的影响不同P〈0．05,并且妊娠高血压患者的母体并发症与对新生儿的影响与对照组比较有差异P〈0．05,异常情况均较正常妊娠妇女要高。结论：妊娠高血压患者对妊娠结局的影响较为严重,对母婴危害严重,需积极预防。