类球红菌自诱导物合成酶基因cerI的克隆及其原核表达

根据类球红菌(Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1)自诱导物合成酶基因cerI的序列,设计并合成了1对特异性引物,在引物的5′和3′分别加入含有HindIII和XhoI限制性酶切位点的序列,以类球红细菌Rhodobacter sphaeroides基因组为模板扩增了cerI基因序列.将PCR产物与pMD18-T载体连接,转化大肠杆菌DH5α.鉴定成功获得目的片段,经HindIII和XhoI双酶切后与载体pET-28a(+)连接,构建原核表达质粒pET-28a(+)-cerI,并将其转化宿主菌BL21(DE3),用IPTG诱导其表达.SDS-PAGE分析表明,重组载体pET-28a(+)-cerI可成功地在大肠杆菌中表达cerI蛋白.     

轮状病毒VP7基因的克隆与表达

应用聚合酶链式反应技术(PCR)扩增轮状病毒VP7基因,并将其克隆到pMD18-T simple载体上,对重组子进行PCR检测和限制性内切酶分析,并测定DNA全序列。结果显示,克隆片段全长为981 bp。将轮状病毒VP7基因定向的克隆到原核表达载体pET-32a启动子下游,构建原核表达载体pET-32aVP7。将质粒pET-32aVP7转化Transetta表达菌株进行诱导表达,裂解菌体细胞抽提蛋白质进行SDS-PAGE。结果表明,轮状病毒壳蛋白VP7基因在Transetta表达菌株内得到成功表达。     

类球红菌自诱导物合成酶基因cerⅠ的克隆及其原核表达

根据类球红菌（Rhodobacter sphaeroides2.4.1）自诱导物合成酶基因cerⅠ的序列,设计并合成了1对特异性引物,在引物的5′和3′分别加入含有HindⅢ和XhoⅠ限制性酶切位点的序列,以类球红细菌Rhodobactersphaeroides基因组为模板扩增了cerⅠ基因序列。将PCR产物与pMD18-T载体连接,转化大肠杆菌DH5α。鉴定成功获得目的片段,经HindⅢ和XhoⅠ双酶切后与载体pET-28a（＋）连接,构建原核表达质粒pET-28a（＋）-cerⅠ,并将其转化宿主菌BL21（DE3）,用IPTG诱导其表达。SDS-PAGE分析表明,重组载体pET-28a（＋）-cerⅠ可成功地在大肠杆菌中表达cerⅠ蛋白。     

人角质细胞生长因子2基因的克隆及其在大肠杆菌中的表达

目的:构建人角质细胞生长因子2(hKGF2)基因的高效原核表达载体pET-30a( )-hKGF2,并在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中获得表达。方法:从培养的人胚胎肺成纤维细胞中提取总RNA,采用RT-PCR技术扩增出去除了信号肽部分的hKGF2基因,克隆到pMD18-T载体,经DNA序列分析后与pET-30a( )表达载体连接,在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)诱导表达6×His-hKGF2,用SDS-PAGE及Western印迹鉴定表达蛋白。结果:构建了表达载体pET-30a( )-hKGF2,经IPTG诱导后,表达的重组蛋白理论相对分子质量约为23000,约占菌体总蛋白的20%。结论:6×His-hKGF2蛋白在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中为可溶性高效表达,为获得高纯度、高活性的产物,以及进一步的大规模生产和应用研究奠定了基础。     

牛SRY同源基因的PCR扩增和克隆

本文采用人SRY基因的一对引物,通过PCR扩增获得了雄性牛(Bos taurus)SRY同源基因片段。进一步证实牛存在与人SRY基因同源的相应基因。将PCR产物与载体pUC—Eco—T连接后,用以转化JM109菌,经过与人SRY基因探针菌落杂交,筛选获得了牛SRY同源基因克隆pBosY O.6后者的插入片段为相应于人SRY基因保守区在内的一段约609bp DNA。此外还比较分析了人和牛SRY同源基因片段限制酶图谱。     

δ-睡眠肽与GFP融合蛋白的表达和纯化

构建δ-睡眠肽(DSIP)蛋白与GFP的融合基因表达载体,高效表达和纯化GFP-DSIP融合蛋白。通过SOE-PCR拼接DSIP全长编码基因,并使得DSIP上游具有肠激酶识别位点,经双酶切定向克隆至表达载体pET-28a,构建重组载体pET-28a-DSIP,通过PCR扩增GFP全长编码基因,经双酶切定向克隆至pET-28a-DSIP,构建原核重组表达载体pET-28a-GFP-DSIP,通过双酶切和测序鉴定后,导入E.coli BL21宿主菌中,IPTG诱导表达融合蛋白,采用镍亲和层析和分子筛凝胶层析获得高纯度蛋白,SDS-PAGE分析鉴定。经测序鉴定成功构建了原核重组表达载体pET-28a-GFP-DSIP,在IPTG诱导下获得可溶性的绿色荧光蛋白与睡眠肽的融合蛋白,经Ni-NTA亲和层析纯化成功获得高纯度的融合蛋白。成功构建了DSIP与GFP融合基因的重组表达载体,确定了GFP-DSIP融合蛋白诱导表达的最佳条件,获得了较高纯度的融合蛋白,为进一步研究DSIP蛋白的生物学功能奠定了基础。     

植原体免疫主导膜蛋白Imp基因原核表达载体构建及表达

旨在构建植原体免疫主导膜蛋白Imp基因原核表达载体,并进行初步表达。以重组克隆质粒pMD18-T-Imp为模板,PCR扩增Imp基因片段。构建表达载体pET-28a(+)-Imp,转化宿主菌E.coliBL21(DE3)。筛选阳性克隆,提取重组质粒作PCR鉴定、酶切鉴定及IPTG诱导表达鉴定。PCR及双酶切结果显示,重组质粒pET-28a(+)-Imp构建成功。经IPTG诱导BL21(pET-28a(+)-Imp)表达约20 kD的蛋白,与预期的携带6×His-Tag的目的蛋白(19.5 kD)大小相符,主要以包涵体形式存在。结果显示,构建的表达载体pET-28a(+)-Imp在E.coliBL21(DE3)中能够达一定量表达,为进一步纯化Imp蛋白奠定基础。     

人膜联蛋白Ⅴ在大肠杆菌中的表达、纯化与鉴定

目的:构建人膜联蛋白Ⅴ的原核载体并诱导其表达.方法:以IPTG诱导His融合人膜联蛋白Ⅴ的表达,并应用Ni-NTASuperflow纯化.结果:PCR扩增产物碱基数量与目的片段大小一致,插入片段的序列与发表的人膜联蛋白Ⅴ基因编码序列一致.在IPTG诱导下,重组大肠杆菌DH5α高效表达分子量约36 kDa的目的产物.结论:人膜联蛋白Ⅴ编码序列已被克隆至His融合表达载体pET-28a( )上,并在大肠杆菌DH5α中表达.     

小鼠Lin28基因的克隆及原核表达

目的探讨获取小鼠Lin28蛋白的方法。方法 提取8.5 d ICR小鼠胚胎mRNA后反转录为cDNA序列,用一对两端引入特定酶切位点（NcoⅠ及XhoⅠ）引物,从该cDNA中扩增出Lin28基因编码区序列;将获得的Lin28基因编码区序列克隆到pMD18-T载体上。对质粒双酶切回收其中Lin28基因片段,与pET-30a（+）载体相连接并转化Rosetta（DE3）型大肠杆菌,用IPTG诱导表达,最后采用SDS-PAGE对表达结果进行分析。结果对所克隆的Lin28蛋白编码区的DNA序列分析表明,Lin28 CDS区包括终止密码子在内为630 bp,与参照DNA（NM₁45833）相比同源性为99.37%,与参照氨基酸序列相比同源性为100%;在IPTG诱导下pET-30a（+）-Lin28重组质粒可表达与预期相符的约为27.5×103的蛋白质。结论利用克隆的小鼠Lin28基因,采用原核表达方法,成功获得小鼠Lin28蛋白,为进一步开展以重组蛋白诱导体细胞重编程研究奠定基础。     

棉铃虫病毒gp41基因的克隆表达及抗体制备

根据棉铃虫单核衣壳核多角体病毒(Helicoverpa armigerasingle nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus,HaSNPV)gp41基因的序列,设计引物,引入适当的酶切位点,通过PCR的方法扩增目的片段。将扩增出的基因片段克隆至原核表达载体pET-28a,构建重组质粒并转化至大肠杆菌中,经IPTG诱导表达。纯化蛋白产物并免疫家兔产生抗血清。该抗血清可与原核表达的His-GP41融合蛋白及在感染的昆虫细胞中表达的GP41蛋白发生特异性免疫反应。该抗体的获得为深入研究GP41的功能提供了基础。     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。     

New amino-dithiaphospholanes and phosphoramidodithioites and their rhodium and iridium complexes

New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn₂NPSCH₂CH₂S^a(P-S^a) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn₂NPSCHCHS^a(CH₂)₃C^aH₂(P-S^a)(C^a-S^a) (6) and Bn₂NP(4-XC₆H₄OMe)₂ (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)₂] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl₂Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the ν_CO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The ¹J_PRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the ¹J_PSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh₃. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh₃.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.     

Rapporteur report: Basics and technology and metrology and standards

The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

Chemokines and cytokines: axis and allies in asthma and allergy

Allergic asthma can be precipitated by many factors. For the atopic person, fungus, pollen, dust mites, cockroach antigens, and diesel exhaust are all agents that may trigger an allergic attack. Cytokines and chemokines are integral mediators of fungal asthma. From the earliest time points, they recruit and activate the cells required for the clearance of fungus as well as being critical factors involved in the immunopathology of this disease. In the final analysis, it is clear that these mediators can act to the benefit or the detriment of the host.     

人血管能抑素基因的克隆、表达及其表达产物的纯化和生物活性测定

以人胎盘脐带组织为材料,提取组织总RNA,用netRTPCR方法合成人血管能抑素cDNA基因,将该cDNA克隆进pSP72载体获得重组质粒pSP72C, DNA序列分析结果与预期序列一致。用BamHⅠ和NdeⅠ双酶切,切下pSP72C上的血管能抑素cDNA,插入pET3c载体的相应位点获得重组表达质粒pETC, 转化E. coli BL21(DE3), SDSPAGE分析显示：在IPTG诱导下,血管能抑素基因获得了高效表达,表达量约占菌体总蛋白的 27.9 %,主要以包涵体形式存在。包涵体经过洗涤、裂解、蛋白复性以及Sephadex G75凝胶过滤层析等步骤后,获得了纯度达91.4 %的人血管能抑素。CAM实验证明10 μg纯化蛋白就能显著抑制鸡胚新生血管生成。     

Oxidation and nitration of ribonuclease and lysozyme by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase

In spite of the many studies on protein modifications by reactive species, knowledge about the products resulting from the oxidation of protein-aromatic residues, including protein-derived radicals and their stable products, remains limited. Here, we compared the oxidative modifications promoted by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide/nitrite in two model proteins, ribonuclease (6Tyr) and lysozyme (3Tyr/6Trp). The formation of protein-derived radicals and products was higher at pH 5.4 and 7.4 for myeloperoxidase and peroxynitrite, respectively. The main product was 3-nitro-Tyr for both proteins and oxidants. Lysozyme rendered similar yields of nitro-Trp, particularly when oxidized by peroxynitrite. Hydroxylated and dimerized products of Trp and Tyr were also produced, but in lower yields. Localization of the main modified residues indicates that peroxynitrite decomposes to radicals within the proteins behaving less specifically than myeloperoxidase. Nitrogen dioxide is emphasized as an important protein modifier.