新型冠状病毒S蛋白抗体制备及双抗体夹心ELISA抗原检测方法的建立

由SARS-CoV-2(Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2)引起的新型冠状病毒肺炎(Corona virus disease 2019,COVID-19)自2019年底暴发以来,已导致上亿人次感染和数百万人死亡,严重威胁着全人类的生命健康。为了建立一种能快速对新冠病毒疫苗中S蛋白抗原进行定量检测的方法,本研究通过免疫山羊制备多克隆抗体作为包被抗体,通过杂交瘤细胞技术制备了S蛋白特异性单克隆抗体并作为检测抗体,建立了双抗体夹心ELISA抗原检测方法,并验证其线性范围、敏感性、特异性、稳定性及符合率。结果显示,建立的双抗体夹心ELISA检测方法线性范围为1U~64U,相关系数R²大于0.99;特异性良好,敏感性为92.1%;批内和批间变异系数分别为2.5%~11.7%和1.3%~14.8%,检测已知背景样本符合率为96.7%。结果表明,该方法特异性好、敏感性高、且稳定性和准确性高,可用于新冠疫苗中S蛋白抗原含量测定。     

应用体积排阻色谱法测定口蹄疫灭活疫苗中的146S抗原含量

旨在应用体积排阻色谱法测定口蹄疫灭活疫苗中的146S抗原含量。使用TSKgel G4000SWXL(7.8 mm×30 cm)色谱柱,以pH 7.2的缓冲盐体系作为流动相,流速为0.6 mL/min,进样量为100μL,检测波长为259 nm。以口蹄疫病毒(O型)灭活146S抗原纯化样品建立标准曲线;使用灭活抗原液配制3份口蹄疫灭活疫苗,并进行精密度、重复性、特异性、耐受性验证;应用该方法快速测定16批疫苗的146S含量。结果表明,抗原浓度在0.56–67.42μg/mL范围内,其峰面积与浓度的线性关系良好(R~2=0.996,n=10),3份疫苗146S抗原测定回收率分别为93.6%(RSD=2.7%,n=3)、102.3%(RSD=2.6%,n=3)、95.5%(RSD=5.1%,n=3),方法重复性好、准确性强(RSD=0.5%,n=6),且操作简便、高效,对16批疫苗的测定结果较理想。应用该方法有望快速高效地检测口蹄疫灭活疫苗的146S抗原含量,为疫苗的质量控制提供有力支持。     

重组人睫状神经营养因子蛋白质定量检测方法的建立

采用ELISA双抗体夹心法,建立一种快速灵敏的定量检测rhCNTF成品蛋白含量的方法。结果显示,rhC-NTF抗原浓度在(0～25)ng范围内线性良好(r>0.99),灵敏度为0.3ng/ml,与其他重组细胞因子无交叉反应,样品的检测结果与理论含量相吻合,CV<15%,该方法检测速度快、重复性好、灵敏度高、特异性好。     

应用跨膜区置换的血凝素蛋白建立H7N9禽流感病毒抗体间接ELISA检测方法

【目的】由于H7N9禽流感病毒能够感染鸡,并且已经变异成了高致病性毒株,因此,鸡群中H7N9禽流感疫苗的免疫是一个趋势,而鸡群免疫后抗体检测方法的建立也十分必要。本研究旨在建立一种灵敏、高效、高通量的鸡群H7N9亚型禽流感病毒抗体间接酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测方法。【方法】通过昆虫杆状病毒表达系统分别表达属于W1、W2-A和W2-B分支H7N9流感病毒的3种野生型血凝素(HA)蛋白,以及跨膜区(TM)置换为H3 HA TM的W2-B分支HA蛋白(H7-53TM)。4种HA蛋白经过离子交换层析纯化后作为抗原,通过ELISA检测H7N9禽流感病毒抗体。【结果】ELISA特异性、敏感性和重复性试验结果显示,跨膜区置换主要影响HA蛋白ELISA检测的重复性,以H7-53TM为抗原的ELISA方法具有较好的重复性,其批内和批间变异系数小于10%,然而3种野生型HA蛋白与部分血清反应批内和批间变异系数大于10%,重复性较差,因此选择H7-53TM蛋白作为ELISA包被抗原。通过受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)分析,以H7-53TM为抗原的ELISA能够精准地区分H7N9亚型流感病毒抗体阳性和阴性血清。通过相关性分析,该ELISA方法与134份鸡血清HI试验结果具有显著强相关性(r=0.854 6,P0.000 1),并且与3个分支疫苗株免疫血清的HI试验结果也具有显著相关性(r0.5,P0.05)。【结论】跨膜区置换能够提高HA蛋白抗原检测H7N9禽流感病毒抗体的重复性,并应用跨膜区置换的HA蛋白建立了一种能够检测不同分支疫苗株免疫的H7N9亚型禽流感病毒抗体间接ELISA检测方法。     

EDTA络合滴定法测定脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗原液中的残留钙离子

目的建立EDTA络合滴定法,测定A群C群脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗中残留钙离子含量,为疫苗的质量控制提供依据。方法在p H12的条件下,用乙二胺四乙酸(ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid,EDTA)滴定液测定C群脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗原液中的残留钙离子,并对该方法的线性范围、准确性和重复性进行验证及初步应用。结果钙离子质量浓度在0.200 2~1.602 0 mg/m L范围内,钙离子含量与消耗滴定液的体积呈现良好的线性关系,r0.99;在对照实验碳酸钙和无水氯化钙中,钙离子的回收率分别为100.9%和100.3%,相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为0.35%和0.21%;C群多糖原液加标回收实验中钙离子的回收率为99.7%~101.2%,RSD≤0.77%;测定6批C群脑膜炎球菌多糖原液中的钙离子浓度,RSD均≤5.6%。结论建立的EDTA络合滴定法简便、快速、准确,适用于A群C群多糖疫苗原液中钙离子含量的快速测定。     

肠道病毒71型抗原ELISA定量检测方法的建立及应用

目的建立肠道病毒71型(EV71)抗原ELISA定量检测方法,用于EV71疫苗生产工艺中抗原定量检测。方法选取抗EV71单克隆抗体作为包被抗体,HRP标记抗EV71多克隆抗体作为酶标二抗,建立EV71抗原ELISA定量检测方法。该方法经系统验证后,应用于定量检测2BS及Vero细胞基质EV71疫苗生产工艺过程样品的抗原含量。结果验证结果显示,该方法的线性范围为3.125~50.000 U/m L,样品回收率为92.0%~110.0%,变异系数小于8.8%;孵育时间及温度在一定范围内偏差的样品回收率为100.8%~113.8%;检测其他肠道病毒中抗原其A值均小于cut-off值;试剂于37℃孵育3 d后的检测样品回收率为101.4%~112.4%;2BS及Vero细胞基质EV71疫苗生产工艺过程样品的适用性检测中,抗原回收率为92.1%~114.9%。结论建立并验证EV71抗原ELISA定量检测方法,其准确度、精密度、耐用性均优良,特异性强、稳定性好,适用于不同细胞基质的EV71疫苗及多价手足口病疫苗生产工艺过程的质量控制。     

牛流行热病毒LUX~(TM)荧光RT-PCR检测方法的建立

采用LUXTM荧光PCR技术原理,以牛流行热病毒(BEFV)糖蛋白抗原G基因保守序列为模板设计特异荧光PCR扩增引物,建立BEFV LUXTM实时荧光RT-PCR快速检测方法。试验结果显示,所建立的荧光RT-PCR可特异检测牛流行热病毒RNA,而对蓝舌病病毒、牛病毒性腹泻-粘膜病病毒、水泡性口炎病毒、口蹄疫病毒、牛白血病病毒以及与BEFV同种属的狂犬病病毒核酸检测呈阴性反应。敏感性试验表明LUXTM荧光RT-PCR对BEFV RNA的检测敏感性比常规RT-PCR方法提高达100倍以上。该LUXTM荧光RT-PCR的批内检测变异系数0.64%-1.17%,批间检测变异系数均小于2%,表明检测体系稳定、重复性好。通过人工添加灭活病毒液的方法制备30份模拟感染牛血清样品,采用上述所建立的BEFV LUXTM荧光RT-PCR方法检测均呈阳性。     

肠道病毒71型灭活疫苗(Vero细胞)抗原含量检测方法的建立及应用

目的 建立肠道病毒71型(enterovirus type 71,EV-A71)灭活疫苗(Vero细胞)抗原含量检测方法并对其进行方法学验证及初步应用。方法 以抗EV-A71兔多克隆抗体为包被抗体，辣根过氧化物酶(horseradish peroxidase, HRP)标记的抗EV-A71鼠单克隆抗体为检测抗体，建立双抗体夹心ELISA并验证其线性范围、专属性、准确度、精密度及耐用性等。通过检测EV-A71疫苗原液及研发生产工艺各中间制品的EV-A71抗原含量评价该方法的适用性。结果 包被抗体与酶标抗体最佳稀释度分别为1∶5 000和1∶10 000。抗原为5～80 U/mL时，线性良好；与同为肠道病毒的其他抗原不存在交叉反应，专属性良好；对不同浓度抗原进行6次测定，其回收率在90%～100%,准确度良好；不同实验员对不同浓度抗原样品检测3次，CV均<11%,精密度良好；针对不同影响因素设计耐用性试验，回收率均在80%～120%,耐用性良好。该方法检测EV-A71疫苗原液和制备过程中的中间制品均具有良好的线性和平行性，表明该方法具有良好的适用性。结论 建立了EV-A71疫苗(Ve...     

牛血清蛋白酶联免疫检测试剂盒的研制及验证

为研制酶联免疫试剂盒以检测病毒性疫苗中残余牛血清蛋白(BSP)含量,制备高效价高纯度的兔抗BSP多克隆抗体作为包被抗体和酶标抗体,建立了ELISA双抗体夹心法并组建试剂盒,通过标准剂量曲线可对样品中所含BSP、BSA及B-IgG进行定量,经验证该方法标准曲线线性范围内r≥0.98,对BSP的检测限量为3ng/ml;分别检测5、10、20ng/ml含量的BSP时,试验内(n=12)和试验间(n=3)测定的变异系数在3.71%到7.29%之间,回收率在93.4%~106.3%,未见该方法与人血清白蛋白、卵清蛋白以及疫苗复合保护剂之间有交叉反应。该法敏感度高,准确性、重复性和稳定性好,可用于疫苗牛血清残余蛋白的质量控制。     

9V型肺炎球菌疫苗中多糖含量微孔板蒽酮-硫酸检测方法的建立及验证

目的建立微孔板蒽酮-硫酸法检测9V型肺炎球菌疫苗中多糖含量的检测方法,并对其进行验证和初步应用。方法通过对蒽酮-硫酸方法的改进,建立检测9V型肺炎球菌疫苗中多糖含量稳定可靠的微孔板蒽酮-硫酸法。分别对蒽酮-硫酸法中硫酸溶液浓度、加热时间进行优化,并对建立的方法进行特异性、线性、精密度及准确度的验证。结果最佳硫酸溶液比例为6∶1(浓硫酸∶水),最佳加热时间为10 min。在检测9V型肺炎球菌多糖、多糖衍生物及多糖蛋白结合物中多糖含量时,此方法特异性强;在20~120μg/m L范围内,标准曲线线性良好(r20.995);实验内及实验间均具有良好的精密度(CV值分别为2.92%~3.32%和3.10%~4.06%);准确度试验中3个质量浓度的回收率均在96.17%~106.63%之间。结论微孔板蒽酮-硫酸法可被用来有效、准确、稳定地检测9V型肺炎球菌多糖、多糖衍生物及多糖蛋白结合物中多糖的含量,该方法较传统蒽酮-硫酸法操作简便快捷,节约样品、试剂等材料,非常适用于相关的疫苗生产过程中的质量控制。     

三重表达肺结核DNA疫苗在细胞水平的检测

目的 检测共表达siRNA、抗原基因与hIL-12的新型肺结核DNA疫苗在人胚肾293细胞中表达。方法 在已构建含有靶向抗调亡基因Mcl-1L的siRNA、结核分枝杆菌抗原基因Ag85B-ESAT6 (PVAE)、hIL-12的新型肺结核DNA疫苗pVAX-siRNA-PVAE-IL-12基础之上,将抗原基因与增强型绿色荧光蛋白（EGFP）基因融合,得到真核表达重组质粒pVAX1-siRNA-PVAE-EGFP-hIL12。并将siRNA单元用靶向EGFP基因的siEGFP代替,得到pVAX1-siEGFP-PVAE-EGFP-hIL12重组表达载体。用重组质粒转染人胚肾细胞293,分别观察融合抗原基因与siEGFP的表达。以ELISA测定培养细胞上清中hIL-12的表达。结果 经酶切鉴定和测序证实肺结核DNA疫苗改造成功。转染细胞中检测到绿色荧光,证实抗原表达。对照组检测到siEGFP的表达。转染48 h后检测出细胞上清中hIL-12的量为1571.63 pg/mL;72 h后检测出细胞上清中hIL-12的量为2392.25pg/mL。结论 已构建的肺结核质粒DNA疫苗能在真核细胞中有效表达siRNA、抗原基因与hIL-12。为进一步研究该DNA疫苗抗肺结核的免疫治疗和基因治疗效果打下基础。     

Fluorimetric determination of monobromobimane and o-phthalaldehyde adducts of γ-glutamylcysteine and glutathione: application to assay of γ-glutamylcysteinyl synthetase activity and glutathione concentration in liver

The reversed-phase HPLC separation of fluorescent o-phthalaldehyde (OPA) derivatives has been applied to the assay of hepatic γ-glutamylcysteine and glutathione (GSH) levels and the enzymes producing these peptides. The method has been compared to the assay using monobromobimane (MB) as the derivatizing agent. The OPA method has the advantage of faster derivitization, the lack of need to adjust the pH, isocratic separation and selectivity for GSH and γ-glutamylcysteine. The MB method requires pH adjustment following derivatization and gradient elution chromatography. MB is also non-selective, yielding fluorescent derivatives of all biological thiols and more interfering peaks on the chromatogram. MB-based analyses are also approximately sixty times more expensive per sample. MB yields fluorescent degradation products on exposure to light. OPA adducts are stable for up to ten days when stored at −20°C. OPA detection is sensitive to 12.5 pmol in the sample, at a signal-to-noise ratio of 2.5. The two methods correlate well. Hepatic γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase in the same liver preparation was found to be 4.85±0.47 nmol min⁻¹ mg⁻¹ protein by the OPA method and 4.42±0.52 nmol min⁻¹ mg⁻¹ protein by the MB method. GSH concentrations were found to be 90.4±6.5 nmol/mg protein for the OPA method and 92.5±3.4 for the MB method.     

Assessment of a DNA vaccine encoding an anchored-glycosylphosphatidylinositol tegumental antigen complexed to protamine sulphate on immunoprotection against murine schistosomiasis

Protamine sulphate/DNA complexes have been shown to protect DNA from DNase digestion in a lipid system for gene transfer. A DNA-based vaccine complexed to protamine sulphate was used to induce an immune response against Schistosoma mansoni anchored-glycosylphosphatidylinositol tegumental antigen in BALB/c mice. The protection elicited ranged from 33 to 44%. The spectrum of the elicited immune response induced by the vaccine formulation without protamine was characterized by a high level of IgG (IgG1> IgG2a). Protamine sulphate added to the DNA vaccine formulation retained the green fluorescent protein encoding-plasmid longer in muscle and spleen. The experiments in vivo showed that under protamine sulphate effect, the scope of protection remained unchanged, but a modulation in antibody production (IgG1= IgG2a) was observed.     

Development and validation of HPLC method for the determination of tobramycin in urine samples post-inhalation using pre-column derivatisation with fluorescein isothiocyanate

A reversed-phase liquid chromatography method involving pre-column derivatisation with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC, isomer I) for determination of tobramycin in urine samples after inhalation has been developed. FITC reacts with the primary amino groups of tobramycin and other aminoglycosides under mild conditions to form a highly fluorescent and stable derivative. The chromatographic separation was carried out on a Phenomenex Luna C(18) column at ambient temperature using a constant flow rate of 1 ml/min and mobile phase of acetonitrile-methanol-glacial acetic acid-water (420:60:5:515, v/v/v/v). The tobramycin-FITC derivative was monitored by fluorescent detection at an excitation wavelength 490 nm and emission wavelength 518 nm. The linearity of response for tobramycin was demonstrated at 11 different concentrations of tobramycin extracted from spiked urine, ranging from 0.25 to 20 microg/ml. Tobramycin and neomycin were extracted from spiked urine by a solid phase extraction clean-up procedure on a carboxypropyl-bonded phase (CBA) weak cation-exchange cartridge, and the relative recovery was >99% (n=5). The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) in urine were 70 and 250 ng/ml, respectively. The method had an accuracy of <0.2%, and intra-day and inter-day precision (in term of %coefficient of variation) were <4.89% and 8.25%, respectively. This assay was used for urinary pharmacokinetic studies to identify the relative lung deposition of tobramycin post-inhalation of tobramycin inhaled solution 300 mg/5 ml (TOBI) by different nebuliser systems.     

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for determination of tetramethylpyrazine and its metabolite in dog plasma

A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method is described for the determination of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) and its active metabolite, 2-hydroxymethyl-3,5,6-trimethylpyrazine (HTMP) in dog plasma. This method involves a plasma clean-up step using protein precipitation procedure followed by LC separation and positive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry detection (ESI-MS). Chromatographic separation of the analytes was achieved on a C18 column using a mobile phase of methanol, water and acetic acid (50:50:0.6, v/v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. Selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode was used for analyte quantitation at m/z 137.2 for TMP, m/z 153.2 for HTMP and m/z 195.2 for caffeine. The linearity was obtained over the concentration ranges of 20-6000 ng/ml for TMP and 20-4000 ng/ml for HTMP and the lower limit of quantitation was 20 ng/ml for both analytes. For each level of QC samples, both inter- and intra-day precisions (R.S.D.) were 相似文献   

Production and purification of recombinant protective antigen and protective efficacy against Bacillusanthracis

Recombinant protective antigen (rPA), expressed by Bacillus subtilis WB600 (pPA101), has been purified to homogeneity and the protective efficacy against a Bacillus anthracis challenge has been investigated. rPA was fractionated from culture supernatant fluid by ammonium sulphate, followed by anion exchange chromatography using DEAE Streamline™, anion-exchange chromatography on FPLC MonoQ HR 10/10 and finally, gel filtration chromatography on FPLC Superose 12 HR 10/30, to yield 7 mg rPA per litre of culture. The protective efficacy of rPA against an airborne challenge with the AMES strain of B. anthracis was determined in the presence of the adjuvants, alhydrogel and Ribi, and compared to that achieved by the current UK human vaccine in guinea pigs. rPA combined with the Ribi adjuvant was found to provide 100% protection against challenge.     

Measurement of homocysteine thiolactone hydrolase activity using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and polymorphisms of paraoxonase in normal human serum

We developed a non-radioactive and sensitive assay method for measurement of the HTL hydrolase (HTLase) activity in biological samples, using OPA as a fluorescent post-labeling agent, l-homocysteine thiolactone (L-HTL) as the substrate, and HPLC to achieve rapid and selective separation of the substrate and product. The method was applied to measure the activity of HTLase in human, rabbit, rat and mouse serum samples. In addition, the correlation between the serum HTLase activity and PON1 polymorphisms in Japanese subjects was also investigated. The serum HTLase activity in humans, as determined by measurement of the enzyme activity in 22 subjects, was found to be in the range of 0.89-2.06 nmol/min mg protein, with a mean activity of 1.44 nmol/min mg protein.     

铅螯合物人工抗原的制备与鉴定

以双功能螯合剂异硫氰酸苄基乙二胺四乙酸(ITCBE)螯合铅离子,制备得半抗原Pb-ITCBE,然后再分别与载体蛋白KLH或BSA偶联制备得免疫原Pb-ITCBE-KLH与包被抗原Pb-ITCBE-BSA,ITCBE-BSA.用二喹啉甲酸法测3种抗原的浓度,分析半抗原、抗原与载体蛋白的紫外吸收光谱,利用SDS-PAGE对3种抗原的分子量进行鉴定,用三硝基苯磺酸法检测3种抗原中的赖氨酸残基的ε-NH2被半抗原替换的程度,用石墨炉原子分光吸收法检测抗原中铅的含量.研究结果表明,免疫原与包被抗原制备成功,Pb-ITCBE-KLH、Pb-ITCBE-BSA、ITCBE-BSA的浓度依次为6.47± 0.08 mg/ml,6.68± 0.06 mg/ml,5.57± 0.05 mg/ml;抗原与载体蛋白的紫外吸收光谱的特征各不相同;SDS-PAGE的结果显示3种抗原的分子量均不同于各自的载体蛋白;抗原中载体蛋白ε-氨基的替换程度依次为1.86± 0.74 %、55.53± 1.13%、54.19± 1.34%;铅的含量依次为15.64± 0.11 μg/ml,17.33± 0.15 μg/ml,0 μg/ml.     

共表达siRNA和hIL-12的新型乙肝多表位DNA疫苗的研究

目的 构建含有靶向乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)基因的siRNA、乙肝复合多表位抗原基因和hIL-12共质粒表达的新型DNA疫苗,并在HepG2细胞中检测siRNA的效果以及各基因的表达。方法 设计并合成复合多表位HBV抗原基因,将其与增强型绿色荧光蛋白（EGFP）基因融合克隆进真核表达载体pVAX1的多克隆位点中,同时将带CMV启动子的完整hIL-12表达单元克隆进载体的BspH I位点之间,再设计并合成乙肝siRNA表达单元,将其克隆进载体的Mlu I位点之间,得到真核三元共表达重组质粒pVAX1-siHB-HB-EGFP-hIL12。以该重组质粒瞬时转染人肝癌细胞系HepG2,通过EGFP的荧光标记观察多表位抗原的表达,以ELISA测定培养细胞上清中hIL-12的表达,以rtPCR检测siRNA对HBsAg基因的沉默效果。结果 经酶切鉴定和测序证实共表达siRNA、hIL-12的HBV 多表位DNA疫苗构建成功。转染细胞中检测到绿色荧光,证实抗原表达;转染后48 h hIL-12的检出量为1 289 pg/mL细胞上清,72 h检出量为1 712 pg/mL细胞上清;转染后HBsAg表达量明显降低,证实siRNA效果良好。结论 成功构建乙肝复合多表位抗原基因与siRNA、hIL-12共质粒表达的DNA疫苗,并能在真核细胞中有效表达抗原与hIL-12基因,而且siRNA对HBsAg显示出明显的沉默效果。我们的工作为进一步研究该复合型DNA疫苗抗HBV的治疗效果打下基础。     

Quantitation of dextran 70 in peritoneal dialysate from patients administered 7.5% polyglucose

A method using gel permeation chromatography was evaluated for the quantitation of dextran 70 in dialysate samples containing polyglucose. Dialysate samples containing dextran 70 and polyglucose were pretreated using the enzyme α-amylase to selectively hydrolyze the α(1–4)-linked polyglucose, while leaving the α(1–6)-linked dextran 70 intact. Following sample deproteinization with trichloroacetic acid, dextran 70 was quantitated using gel permeation chromatography with refractive index detection. This method was evaluated for accuracy, precision, specificity, linearity, range, and analyte stability. Adequate method linearity with a correlation of >0.999 was established over the range of dextran 70 concentration from 1 to 0.025 mg/ml. Method precision was approximately 2% R.S.D. and accuracy (% recovery) was approximately 98–100% in the typical sample concentration range (1–0.5 mg/ml). This method was applied to the determination of intraperitoneal fluid kinetics in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients administered daily night-time intraperitoneal exchanges with either 7.5% polyglucose or 4.25% dextrose. Dextran 70 was added to the dialysis solutions to yield an initial concentration of 1 mg/ml. Dialysate samples were collected at various times over a 10-h dwell-time and assayed for dextran 70. Intraperitoneal volume profiles based on dextran 70 concentrations and drain volumes were then calculated for each dialysis solution.