Isolation and characterization of an avian myogenic cell line

Myogenic cell lines have proven extremely valuable for studying myogenesis in vitro. Although a number of mammalian muscle cell lines have been isolated, attempts to produce cell lines from other classes of animals have met with only limited success. We report here the isolation and characterization of seven avian myogenic cell lines (QM1-4 and QM6-8), derived from the quail fibrosarcoma cell line QT6. A differentiation incompetent QM cell derivative was also isolated (QM5DI). The major features of QM cell differentiation in vitro closely resemble those of their mammalian counterparts. Mononucleated QM cells replicate in medium containing high concentrations of serum components. Upon switching to medium containing low serum components, cells withdraw from the cell cycle and fuse to form elongated multinucleated myotubes. Cultures typically obtain fusion indices of 43-49%. Northern blot and immunoblot analyses demonstrate that each differentiated QM cell line expresses a wide variety of genes encoding muscle specific proteins: desmin, cardiac troponin T, skeletal troponin T, cardiac troponin C, skeletal troponin I, alpha-tropomyosin, muscle creatine kinase, myosin light chain 2, and a ventricular isoform of myosin heavy chain. While all QM lines analyzed to date express at least some myosin light chain 2, only one line, QM7, expresses this gene at high levels. Surprisingly, none of the QM lines reported here express any known form of alpha-actin. The absence of sarcomeric actin expression may explain the absence of myofibrils in QM myotubes. These novel features of muscle gene expression in QM cells may prove useful for studying the role of specific muscle proteins during myogenesis. More importantly, however, the isolation of QM cell lines indicates that it may be feasible to isolate other avian myogenic cell lines with general utility for the study of muscle development.     

Transgene expression in the QM myogenic cell line

We have isolated an avian muscle cell line (QM) which has the essential features of established mammalian muscle cell lines. The experiments reported here were undertaken to determine the suitability of QM cells for the introduction and analysis of cloned transgenes. The promoter of the cardiac troponin T (cTNT) gene has been previously shown to contain sequence elements which govern muscle-specific expression of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene in transiently transfected primary cell cultures. We show here that QM cells stably harboring cTNT promoter-CAT fusion genes up-regulate CAT expression in concert with myogenic differentiation, and that as few as 110 upstream nucleotides are sufficient for such differentiation-dependent regulation. In addition, both transient and stable transfection experiments demonstrate that differentiated QM cells possess trans-acting factors necessary for the expression of the skeletal alpha-actin promoter, despite the absence of mRNA or protein product from the endogenous sarcomeric actin genes in these cells. Finally, to follow the developmental potential of QM cells in vivo, we created a clone, QM2ADH, which constitutively expresses the histochemical marker transgene encoding Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase. When surgically inserted into the limb buds of developing chick embryos, QM2ADH cells are incorporated into endogenous developing muscles, indicating that QM cells are capable of recognizing and responding to host cues governing muscle morphogenesis. Thus, QM cells are versatile as recipients of transgenes for the in vitro and in vivo analysis of molecular events in muscle development.     

A high-level expression vector containing selectable marker for continuous production of recombinant protein in insect cells

Insect cell expression systems are widely used to produce active recombinant proteins. Here, we have developed a high-level expression vector containing a selectable marker for continuous production of recombinant proteins in insect cells. The plasmid, pXIHAbla, developed in this study, established a polyclonal cell line 8 days shorter than pXINSECT-DEST38 and pBmAneo. In addition, pXIHAbla exhibited an approximately fivefold higher average enhanced GFP expression level and approximately a twofold higher bionanocapsule secretion level than pXINSECT-DEST38. Using this plasmid, insect cells that highly express active proteins have been easily established.     

Prelamin A相互作用蛋白Narf的鉴定和表达分析

目的:探讨A型核纤层蛋白前体( prelamin A)在细胞内堆积造成细胞早老的机理,筛选了prelamin A相互作用蛋白并研究其在早老细胞中的表达情况.方法:以prelamin A的C末端区域为诱饵蛋白,采用酵母双杂交方法从人骨骼肌cDNA文库中筛选prelamin A相互作用蛋白.构建了prelaminA识别因子(Narf)与绿色荧光蛋白融合表达载体pEGFP - Narf,与红色荧光蛋白- prelamin A融合表达质粒pDsRed - PLA共转染HEK293细胞,激光共聚焦显微观察共定位情况.Western blotting检测Narf在衰老表型HEK293PLA细胞的表达情况.结果:筛选得到包括Narf在内的7个候选相互作用蛋白.Narf与prelamin A能相互作用并共定位于核纤层,在prelamin A过表达的HEK293PLA细胞中Narf表达没有升高.结论:Narf在细胞内与prelamin A相互作用,且表达量不受后者影响.     

人P2X7真核表达载体的构建及稳定转染细胞株的建立

目的：构建人P2X7基因的真核表达载体,并通过转染获得稳定表达P2X7分子的HEK293细胞株。方法：以人脑组织P2X7cDNA为模板扩增出P2X7基因,插入到真核表达载体pEGFP-N1中,构建重组质粒pEGFP-N1/P2X7。用X-fect试剂盒将重组质粒转染HEK293细胞,通过G418辅助荧光筛选建立稳定表达P2X7-EGFP细胞株。经流式细胞仪、Western blot和激光共聚焦显微镜检测,了解人P2X7在HEK293细胞中的表达水平及细胞内定位。结果：重组质粒pEGFP-N1/P2X7构建正确,建立了稳定表达人P2X7的HEK293细胞系。Western blot和流式细胞仪检测证实,P2X7在HEK293细胞系中成功表达,激光共聚焦显微镜检测显示P2X7-EGFP定位在细胞膜上。结论：重组载体pEGFP-N1/P2X7构建成功并建立了稳定表达人P2X7的HEK293细胞系,为进一步研究P2X7离子通道结构和功能奠定基础。     

High-level production and purification of biologically active proteins from bacterial and mammalian cells using the tandem pGFLEX expression system

Because of the complexities involved in the regulation of gene expression in Escherichia coli and mammalian cells, it is considered general practice to use different vectors for heterologous expression of recombinant proteins in these host systems. However, we have developed and report a shuttle vector system, pGFLEX, that provides high-level expression of recombinant glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins in E. coli and mammalian cells. pGFLEX contains the cytomegaloma virus (CMV) immediate-early promoter in tandem with the E. coli lacZpo system. The sequences involved in gene expression have been appropriately modified to enable high-level production of fusion proteins in either cell type. The pGFLEX expression system allows production of target proteins fused to either the N or C terminus of the GST π protein and provides rapid purification of target proteins as either GST fusions or native proteins after cleavage with thrombin. The utility of this vector in identifying and purifying a component of a multi-protein complex is demonstrated with cyclin A. The pGFLEX expression system provides a singular and widely applicable tool for laboratory or industrial production of biologically active recombinant proteins in E. coli and mammalian cells.     

构建基于杆状病毒的BV-T7杂合表达体系及利用其在哺乳动物和禽类细胞中表达eGFP基因

【目的】研究重组杆状病毒BV-T7杂合表达体系能否有效转导禽类细胞并在禽类细胞中表达外源基因(eGFP),从而构建能在禽类细胞中高效稳定表达外源基因的重组杆状病毒表达系统。【方法】本研究利用Bac-to-Bac杆状病毒表达系统,结合T7表达系统,通过对eGFP表达水平的调控来把握噬菌体T7 RNA聚合酶(T7 RNAP)的功能。利用两支重组杆状病毒,pFastBac-CMV-T7 RNAP重组杆状病毒为哺乳动物细胞启动子CMV调控的噬菌体T7 RNA聚合酶的cDNA;pFB-T7pro-IRES-GFP-T7ter重组杆状病毒为T7启动子控制的eGFP报告基因。将两支重组杆状病毒共同侵染哺乳动物OL(oligodendrocyte)细胞、鸡胚成纤维细胞和鸡胚骨骼肌细胞。【结果】两支重组杆状病毒利用T7启动子和T7 RNAP,在OL细胞、鸡胚成纤维细胞和鸡胚骨骼肌细胞中成功表达eGFP报告基因,而且未引起细胞病变,但在鸡胚原代细胞中eGFP的表达相对弱于在OL细胞中的表达。在OL细胞中重组杆状病毒对细胞的转导效率为59.5%,在鸡胚成纤维细胞和鸡胚骨骼肌细胞中转导效率分别为23.2%和33.1%。【结论】本研究构建的基于杆状病毒、T7RNA聚合酶、T7启动子(BV-T7)杂合表达体系能够在哺乳类细胞及禽类细胞中表达T7 RNAP,并利用T7RNAP继续高效而稳定地表达外源基因。这为难于体外操作的RNA病毒提供了有效的研究方法,并对新型基因工程疫苗的研制提供了一个高效而稳定的表达载体系统。     

Mo MLV gag-pol基因在NIH3T3细胞中的表达和鉴定

目的 构建含MoMLV gag-pol基因的重组表达载体,实现其在NIH3T3细胞中稳定表达。方法 应用RT-PCR方法反转录并扩增gag-pol基因,克隆入真核表达载体pcDNA4/HisMaxA上,构建重组表达载体pcDNA4/HisMaxA-gag-pol,用脂质体法转染NIH3T3细胞,Zeocin筛选稳定表达细胞株,通过SDS-PAGE分析检测表明, gag-pol基因在NIH3T3细胞实现了表达,产物相对分子质量(kD)为194.78×103。然后,将逆转录病毒载体导入此细胞系,包装逆转录病毒。用PCR与标记基因补救分析法检测野生型辅助病毒。结果 酶切鉴定的片段大小分别为5.2-kb,与预期大小一致,经Zeocin筛选后获得稳定表达细胞株,SDS-PAGE实验表明产物融合蛋白相对分子质量(kD)为194.78×103,与预期相符。脂质体转染包装细胞,嘌呤霉素加压筛选出高病毒滴度(4.0×106CFU/ml)的细胞克隆,且未检测到辅助病毒。结论 本工作构建的融合表达载体pcDNA4/HisMaxA-gag-pol及其在NIH3T3细胞中的表达,构建成功具有靶向性的逆转录病毒包装细胞系,该细胞系能够包装出高滴度的逆转录病毒,为肝细胞的基因治疗提供了一种新的基因转移系统。     

肿瘤内皮标志物8同型物Ⅰ基因真核表达载体的构建及其在HEK293F细胞中的表达

目的:构建肿瘤内皮标志物8(TEM8)基因真核表达载体,实现TEM8在HEK293F细胞中的外源表达。方法:用PCR技术扩增TEM8基因,经限制性酶切、连接、转化,插入pcDNA3.1(+)-EGFP真核表达载体,并通过脂质体将TEM8表达质粒转染至HEK293F细胞中,Western印迹检测TEM8的表达。结果:PCR扩增得到TEM8基因,构建了真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(+)-TEM8-EGFP并转染HEK293F细胞,经G418加压筛选及有限稀释法得到生长性状良好、表达效率高的单克隆细胞系TEM8-EGFP/HEK293F;Western印迹证明过表达细胞系TEM8-EGFP/HEK293F显著表达TEM8蛋白。结论:构建了表达TEM8的重组HEK293F工程细胞系TEM8-EGFP/HEK293F,为进一步研究TEM8的生理功能奠定了基础。     

rhVEGF165在中国仓鼠卵巢细胞中的稳定表达、纯化及其生物学活性

利用哺乳动物细胞表达系统,稳定表达和纯化高生物学活性的人重组血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF165) 蛋白。将VEGF165克隆于表达载体pCDNA4.0,与T-GS载体共同转染CHO-S (中国仓鼠卵巢细胞) 细胞,MSX (Methionine sulphoximine) 加压筛选高表达细胞株,5 L发酵罐培养,细胞培养上清液通过三步纯化得到rhVEGF165蛋白,通过Western blotting、Biacore和人脐静脉内皮细胞增殖实验等对表达蛋白的特异性、亲和力及生物学活性等进行检测。所建立的细胞     

High-level expression of functional recombinant human coagulation factor VII in insect cells

Recombinant coagulation factor VII (FVII) is used as a potential therapeutic intervention in hemophilia patients who produce antibodies against the coagulation factors. Mammalian cell lines provide low levels of expression, however, the Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cell line and baculovirus expression system are powerful systems for high-level expression of recombinant proteins, but due to the lack of endogenous vitamin K-dependent carboxylase, expression of functional FVII using this system is impossible. In the present study, we report a simple but versatile method to overcome the defect for high-level expression of the functional recombinant coagulation FVII in Sf9 cells. This method involves simultaneous expression of both human γ-carboxylase (hGC) and human FVII genes in the host. It may be possible to express other vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors using this method in the future.     

High-level expression of secreted glycoproteins in transformed lepidopteran insect cells using a novel expression vector

An expression cassette for continuous high-level expression of secreted glycoproteins by transformed lepidopteran insect cells has been developed as an alternative to baculovirus and mammalian cell expression systems. The expression cassette utilizes the promoter of the silkmoth cytoplasmic actin gene to drive expression from foreign gene sequences, and also contains the ie-1 transactivator gene and the HR3 enhancer region of BmNPV to stimulate gene expression. Using an antibiotic-resistance selection scheme, we have cloned a Bm5 (silkmoth) cell line overexpressing the secreted glycoprotein juvenile hormone esterase (JHE-KK) at levels of 190 mg/L in batch suspension cultures. A baculovirus (AcNPV) expressing the same gene under the control of the p10 promoter of AcNPV produced only 4 mg/L active JHE in static cultures of infected Sf21 cells. A cloned Bm5 cell line overexpressing a soluble isoform of the alpha-subunit of the granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor receptor (solGMRalpha) was also generated and produced five times more solGMRalpha in static cultures than a cloned BHK cell line obtained by transformation with a recombinant expression cassette utilizing the human cytomegalovirus (CMV) enhancer-promoter system. Finally, we show that recombinant protein expression levels in transformed Bm5 cells remain high in serum-free media, that expression is stable even in the absence of antibiotic selection, and that lepidopteran cells other than Bm5 may be used equally efficiently with this new expression cassette for producing recombinant proteins.     

Baculovirus expression systems for production of recombinant proteins in insect and mammalian cells

Baculovirus vector systems are extensively used for the expression of foreign gene products in insect and mammalian cells. New advances increase the possibilities and applications of the baculovirus expression system, which makes it possible to express multiple genes simultaneously within a single infected insect cell and to obtain multimeric proteins functionally similar to their natural analogs. Recombinant viruses with expression cassettes active in mammalian cells are used to deliver and express genes in mammalian cells in vitro and in vivo. Further improvement of the baculovirus expression system and its adaptation to specific target cells can open up a wide variety of applications. The review considers recent achievements in the use of modified baculoviruses to express recombinant proteins in eukaryotic cells, advantages and drawbacks of the baculovirus expression system, and ways to optimize the expression of recombinant proteins in both insect and mammalian cell lines.     

人FOXO3a基因真核表达载体的构建及其功能验证

目的:构建带myc标签的人FOXO3a基因真核表达载体,并对其功能进行初步检测。方法:采用PCR技术,从乳腺文库中扩增人FOXO3a基因,并将其正确插入pXJ-40-myc载体;将重组质粒与空载体分别转染人乳腺癌细胞系ZR75-1、MCF-7后,通过Western印迹检测其表达情况,并用CCK8法测定细胞生长曲线。结果:双酶切和测序鉴定表明myc-FOXO3a真核表达质粒构建成功,转染乳腺癌ZR75-1、MCF-7细胞后目的基因成功表达;细胞生长曲线结果显示,转染myc-FOXO3a的乳腺癌细胞较空载体细胞生长较慢。结论:构建了带myc标签的人FOXO3a基因真核表达载体,为进一步研究FOXO3a在乳腺癌中的功能奠定了基础。     

细胞周期蛋白B1、D1和E真核表达载体的构建及表达

目的：为研究细胞周期蛋白（cyclin）在肿瘤形成过程中的分子机制,构建带FLAG标签的细胞周期蛋白B1、D1、E的真核表达载体,并检测其在293T细胞中的表达。方法：以乳腺cDNA文库为模板,分别扩增细胞周期蛋白B1、D1、E基因全长编码区序列,克隆到pcDNA3-FLAG真核表达载体上;用脂质体介导的基因瞬时转染法,将重组正确的表达载体转染293T细胞,检测细胞中的FLAG融合蛋白的表达。结果：酶切鉴定和DNA序列分析显示构建了正确的FLAG-Cyclin真核表达载体,Western印迹分析表明克隆的载体都能在真核细胞中表达分子大小相符的重组蛋白。结论：构建了FLAG-CyclinBl、FIAG-CyclinDl、FLAG-CyclinE真核表达载体,为细胞周期蛋白及其相关蛋白的研究奠定了基础。     

Improvement in soluble expression levels of a diabody by exchanging expression vectors

Accumulating evidence suggests that bispecific antibody fragments (BsAbs) seem set to join monoclonal antibodies as powerful therapeutic and diagnostic agents, particularly for targeting cancer. One type of recombinant BsAbs are diabodies, which are constructed from heterogeneous single-chain antibodies and can increase antigen-specific cytotoxicity in T cells by cross-linking tumor antigens with T cell associated antigens. Some diabodies, however, cannot be solubly expressed in sufficient quantities, which limits their use in clinical therapeutics. Previously we constructed an anti-CD20 x CD3 diabody, which effectively directs the lytic potential of cytolytic T cells toward CD20(+) malignant B cells and shows marked antitumor efficacy in vivo. Here, to increase the amount of soluble product for clinical trials, we used an alternative expression vector under the T7 promoter but retained the stII signal sequences to ensure that the expressed protein is secreted to the periplasm of Escherichia coli. We achieved a periplasmic, soluble product by optimizing the conditions for induction with a yield of 8-9mg/L after affinity chromatography purification. This is nearly a five times greater yield than obtained with the previous vector. The diabodies generated from this modified vector retain dual binding specificity for both CD20-positive and CD3-positive cell lines. Taken together, these results suggest that changing expression vectors may be an alternative strategy to accomplish high-level expression of active BsAb proteins from E. coli.     

Rhox5基因真核表达质粒的构建及其在NIH3T3细胞中的稳定表达

目的:构建同源异性框基因Rhox5的真核表达质粒,转染NIH3T3细胞,建立稳定过表达Rhox5的细胞系。方法:PCR方法扩增Rhox5的全长cDNA序列,PCR产物双酶切后和人工合成的HA抗原表位标签共同克隆至pcDNA3.1(-)哺乳动物细胞表达载体中,构建pcDNA-Rhox5-HA融合表达质粒。脂质体法将经过测序成功的pcDNA-Rhox5-HA融合质粒和pcDNA3.1空载体分别转染NIH3T3细胞,潮霉素B筛选后建立阴性对照pcDNA3.1 in NIH3T3和稳定过表达Rhox5的Rhox5-HA in NIH3T3细胞系。RT-PCR和western blotting方法检测Rhox5-HA在稳定转染细胞系中的表达情况。结果:成功构建了pcDNA-Rhox5-Myc重组质粒,获得稳定过表达Rhox5的NIH3T3细胞系。RT-PCR和Western blotting结果表明,构建的稳定细胞系中成功表达Rhox5-HA融合蛋白。结论:Rhox5基因真核表达质粒的构建及其在NIH3T3细胞中的稳定表达为进一步体外研究Rhox5蛋白单独的功能及其与其他分子间功能性相互作用奠定了实验基础。     

一种高效、稳定的分泌型原核表达载体的构建及应用

以本室构建的原核表达载体pTO-T7为基础载体,PCR合成ompT引导序列,插入该载体多克隆位点上游,构建了分泌型原核表达载体pTO—OT。将2个外源基因克隆至pTO—OT,2个重组质粒在大肠杆菌中均得以高效表达,表达量为25％～30％。Western印迹分析证实了重组蛋白在大肠杆菌中表达后可被信号肽酶有效识别,切割后的重组蛋白具有良好的免疫学活性。对重组表达菌株的连续传代实验证实了该表达载体具有良好的遗传稳定性,显示了该原核表达载体在基因工程中的应用价值。     

Restricted expression of cardiac myosin light chain 2A gene in muscular dystrophic condition

In order to understand the mechanism of defective myofibrilogenesis in muscular dystrophy, we have used the genomic cloned DNA specific for myosin light chain 2A (MLC 2A) to check its expression. The fusion of a partial digest of lambda LC5, containing the upstream sequence of MLC 2A gene with the expression vector of PSVOCAT has already been reported. Using this CAT-fused recombinant containing 1.6 kb of MLC 2A gene, we were able to detect the promoter activity in normal heart cells, H9C2 cell line whereas a restricted expression of MLC 2A gene was noticed in muscular dystrophic muscle cells from heart and skeletal. We have also measured the transient transfection efficiency by contransfecting with the plasmid LacZ. Simultaneous assay of beta-galactosidase and CAT in the cell extract was performed. With beta-galactosidase as control, we confirmed that the promoter activity of MLC 2A gene is inhibited in muscular dystrophy though there is a normal rate of transfection occurred.