西瓜核心种质的AFLP指纹图谱和SCAR标记

西瓜(Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Mansf.)种质资源的鉴定与评价是对其有效利用的基础.以往的研究表明, 西瓜是一种遗传资源特别狭窄的作物,在用同工酶、RAPD及SSR技术对西瓜种质资源进行鉴定时,发现很难将品种完全区分开来.本研究利用高效可靠的AFLP技术,对30个西瓜核心种质材料进行了遗传分析,最终建立了这30个材料的DNA指纹图谱.在该图谱中,每个材料均有其独特的"指纹",材料之间可以相互区分开来.为了进一步利用AFLP分子标记,将重要抗病种质材料"PI296341"的AFLP特异带转化成了生产上可以直接利用的SCAR标记.     

红豆杉种质资源遗传多样性的AFLP分析

目的：通过对5份红豆杉种质资源的AFLP分析,探求各种质间的遗传多样性。方法：采用扩增片段长度多态性（AFLP）标记,在DNA水平上进行遗传多样性研究,筛选了32对选择性扩增引物,将扩增出的条带作为原始矩阵,用NTSYS-PC软件计算并分析了红豆杉种质间的相似度,构建了遗传系统进化树。结果：（1）SDS法提取的红豆杉基因组DNA质量较佳,能够满足AFLP分析的要求;（2）从32对选择性扩增引物中,筛选出10对多态性较强、带型较好、分辨率较高的组合;（3）构建了红豆杉AFLP指纹图谱,将5个红豆杉种质全部区分开来;（4）通过构建进化树,把5个种质分成3类。结论：红豆杉种质资源有丰富的遗传多样性。     

基于TP-M13-SSR指纹图谱的中国原产苹果属植物分子身份证的建立

利用TP-M13-SSR分子标记方法,构建27份中国原产苹果属植物在12个SSR位点的指纹图谱,运用条码技术生成其分子身份证。12对引物共获得251个等位基因,平均21个。引物多态性好,仅用引物CH05b06即可区分全部供试材料。27份苹果材料在12个SSR位点遗传多样性、多态性信息含量和位点杂合度的变化范围为0.6620～0.9455、0.6327～0.9211和0.6538～0.9319。基于CH05b06位点处获得的指纹谱图即可得到每份供试材料独有的分子身份证。TP-M13-SSR分子标记技术适用于苹果属植物种质资源的指纹图谱构建,利于分子基础数据库的积累。基于苹果种质资源TP-M13-SSR指纹图谱可获得每份苹果种质资源独有的分子身份证。     

应用SRAP标记绘制88份南瓜属种质资源DNA指纹图谱

为了给南瓜属种质资源鉴定和分类提供分子生物学依据,本研究采用SRAP分子标记技术与DNAMAN指纹图谱绘制软件对88份南瓜属种质资源(包含美洲南瓜、中国南瓜、印度南瓜)进行分子指纹图谱绘制。结果表明:35对SRAP多态性引物共扩增出499条清晰条带,其中多态性条带438条,多态性条带比率高达87.8%。根据扩增出的条带成功绘制出88份南瓜属种质资源的DNA指纹图谱,每一份种质都具有其独特的分子身份证,使得每份种质均可被区别开来。其中,多态性最好的引物是E5EM8,可以同时绘制72份南瓜属种质资源的指纹图谱。所有供试材料用5对多态性SRAP引物即可全部区别开来。研究表明,SRAP分子标记技术可成功地绘制南瓜属种质资源DNA指纹图谱。本研究对南瓜属种质资源鉴别、分子数据库构建及品种权保护具有较重要的意义。     

武夷山及周边地区黄精植物ISSR分子标记鉴定及HPLC指纹图谱研究

采用ISSR分子标记鉴定方法及HPLC色谱方法对武夷山及周边地区5份黄精植物样本进行DNA分子标记鉴定及指纹图谱分析,并通过聚类分析软件分别探讨其遗传相关聚类图谱。ISSR分子标记法能较好地对5份黄精植物样本进行区分,HPLC指纹图谱分析同样表明5份黄精样本化学成分存在一定的差别。DNA分子标记及HPLC指纹图谱分析的遗传相关聚类分析结果相似,表明武夷山及周边地区的野生黄精种质资源存在明显的差别。     

应用SRAP标记构建山药种质资源DNA指纹图谱

利用30对多态性良好的SRAP引物对90份山药种质资源进行PCR扩增,构建扩增图谱,共扩增到722个位点,多态性位点581个,多态性比例为80.47%,每对引物组合检测多态性位点3~30个,每对引物能鉴别6~51份山药种质资源;采用DNA数据分析软件对扩增出的多态性位点进行分析,构建山药种质资源方框指纹图谱,该图谱清晰地反映出每对引物能扩增的多态位点数、鉴别资源份数及资源具体编号,资源在该引物组合下所能检测得到的多态位点数及所处的具体位置等信息;从10对SRAP引物组合中挑选出的21个多态性位点,根据谱带的有无转化成的1/0字符串编码,形成山药种质资源DNA数字指纹图谱,该图谱可鉴别区分90份山药种质资源中的82份资源。同时这些指纹图谱可为下一步的山药品种鉴定,种质资源评价、利用,分子标记辅助育种及品种权保护提供技术支撑。     

用EST-SSR分子标记技术构建大白菜核心种质及其指纹图谱库

利用EST-SSR分子标记对大白菜种质资源基因库中686份样品所代表的1 900份大白菜种质资源进行分析研究.构建大白菜种质资源的核心种质并且形成核心种质的EST-SSR指纹图谱库.结果表明利用4组鉴定白菜品种的EST-SSR的特异性标记组合,获得近158个EST-SSR多态的标记,对大白菜种质资源基因库中686份样品所代表的1 900份大白菜种质资源进行核心种质的构建提供了分析数据.形成的核心种质包括168份样品,占库存资源的8.8%,它的多态位点百分率保持了原群体的100%.所构建的核心种质涵盖了原资源的绝大部分区域来源的品种,包含了早、中、晚熟品种中所有典型的大白菜类型和其相关的特征特性.并进一步进行了核心种质资源遗传多样性分析.核心种质的EST-SSR指纹图谱库中,每一份样品的指纹都是唯一的,为登记、评价、整理、分发、繁殖等种质资源库的管理和育种者对其材料的利用提供了重要的有价值的信息.EST-SSR标记组合是构建中国大白菜核心种质及其指纹图谱的经济、高效的方法.     

西瓜DUS测试标准品种SSR指纹图谱构建及应用

本研究采用代表最大限度西瓜遗传多样性的SSR核心引物组合,分析了西瓜DUS测试指南中的24份标准品种遗传多样性与核酸指纹。以基于重测序获得的SNP标记构建的17份西瓜材料的系统发育树为参照,对24份标准品种进行了遗传多样性分析,在遗传相似系数0.80处将24份标准品种分为3大类群,分析表明：核酸指纹分类比传统形态学分类更为准确。采用二维（QR）编码构建了西瓜24份标准品种的SSR指纹图谱,并利用本技术以保护品种“京欣2号”与对照品种“京欣1号”为例,进行了DUS分子鉴定测试,共扩增32个SSR位点,“京欣1号”和“京欣2号”之间存在4个位点的差异,品种间遗传相似系数为0.89,比形态学鉴定的差异位点更多且更准。本研究建立的西瓜DUS标准品种SSR指纹图谱与分子检测技术,可以应用到西瓜品种DUS分子检测实践,同时也为西瓜品种纯度与真实性鉴定及遗传背景分析提供了技术方案。     

新疆枸杞种质资源遗传多样性分析及DNA指纹图谱构建

利用SCoT分子标记对新疆枸杞种质资源进行遗传多样性分析和DNA指纹图谱构建,为杂交育种和种质鉴定提供理论依据。结果显示:9条SCoT引物扩增出条带256条,其中219条为多态性条带,多态性比率达85.62%,多态性信息含量(PIC)值变化范围在0.77~0.91之间,平均值为0.85,观测等位基因数(Na)、有效等位基因数(Ne)、Nei's基因多样性指数(H)和Shannon信息指数(I)的平均值分别为1.8562、1.4350、0.2611、0.3989,聚类分析表明,遗传相似系数变化范围在0.5938~0.8398之间,在遗传相似系数为0.66和0.71处,可将30份材料分别分为2大类和4个亚类,主坐标分析结果和聚类结果基本一致,同时利用5条多态性SCoT引物构建了30份材料的DNA指纹图谱。新疆枸杞种质资源遗传多样性水平较高,且SCoT分子标记适于新疆枸杞种质资源遗传多样性分析和DNA指纹图谱构建,该研究结果为新疆枸杞种质资源评价、鉴定和新品种选育奠定了基础。     

水生实验动物剑尾鱼的DNA指纹图谱构建

目的剑尾鱼是由原良种委员会审定并由农业部公布的水生实验动物,在遗传学研究、水环境污染监测、细菌性疾病研究方面显示出较好的应用前景。为了对剑尾鱼选育系进行种质资源监测、区分选育系与非选育以及鉴定近交系纯度,本研究采用微卫星DNA进行水生实验动物剑尾鱼的指纹图谱构建。方法根据相关报道设计合成了50对微卫星引物,对几个剑尾鱼品系的种质资源进行检测,筛选品系间差异性引物;确立剑尾鱼核心引物,用EXCEL散点图绘制DNA指纹图谱模式图;并将数字化指纹数据输入珠江水产研究所鱼类种质鉴定软件V1.0,形成剑尾鱼标准化指纹图谱鉴定数据库。结果共获得剑尾鱼品系间特异标记5个可用于剑尾鱼近交系鉴定,确立46个微卫星标记为核心引物,构建剑尾鱼选育系RR-B系、RW-H系和非选育的野生品种的DNA指纹图谱。结论本研究筛选出的微卫星标记与构建的指纹图谱,可用于剑尾鱼3个品种间的品种鉴定、纯度检测及遗传监测。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细