转化法分离枯草芽孢杆菌8a5α-淀粉酶基因

用EcoRI部分降解枯草芽孢杜菌8a5染色体DNA,琼脂糖疑胶电泳分离纯化各降解片段,用转化法逐一测定各降解片段的转化活性。实验结果证明,a-淀粉酶基因本身可作为选择性标记用于a-淀粉酶基因的分离。用Hind III降解的λ-DNA 作为分子量对照,确定能高效转化淀粉酶基因的DNA片段大小约4.3kb.本实验获得的a-淀粉酶基因的转化率为1×10⁴转化子/μg DNA.     

电脉冲穿孔法将几丁质酶基因导入巨大芽胞杆菌

为了探索适宜于巨大芽胞杆菌电脉冲转化条件,将带有沙雷氏菌几丁质酶编码基因的穿梭质粒转化到植病生防菌—巨大芽胞杆菌B1301中。以芽胞杆菌B1301对数期细胞为感受态细胞,采用不同的电击转化条件进行转化,通过转化率和几丁质酶活性表达认为巨大芽胞杆菌的最佳电击转化条件为电压1000 V/mm,电容25μF,电阻400Ω,转化率为9.6×104/μg质粒,几丁质酶活性表达的菌株几率为41.67%。     

红曲菌9903A转化体系影响因素的研究

采用PEG介导的原生质体转化方法,研究了将含有潮霉素抗性基因的质粒pMP-Hygro转入红曲菌9903A的影响因素。实验结果表明,原生质体转化最佳条件为:1.0mol/L的山梨醇为渗透压稳定剂;以含有50mmol/L的Ca2 和最终质量分数为40%的PEG4000为转化介质;最佳原生质体浓度和载体DNA用量分别为1×108个/mL、1μg/100μL原生质体;原生质体再生培养基采用不含无机盐的培养基,再生方式采用原生质体液涂布单层再生培基平板法。得到的平均DNA转化率可达160个/μgDNA。本文所研究的PEG介导的原生质体转化方法可以较好的向红曲菌细胞导入外源DNA,并使外源DNA在红曲菌细胞内大量表达。     

德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种电转化平台的构建和优化

德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种(Lactobacillus delbrueckiisub sp.bulgaricus)是最具经济价值的乳酸菌之一,在世界上广泛应用于酸奶和其它发酵乳生产。当前对该菌的代谢机制研究甚少。外源基因的转化效率是制约其分子代谢机制研究的重要因素。本研究以pMG36c为材料,对L.delbrueckiisub sp.bulgaricus CH3进行电转化条件研究。结果表明,在电转化过程中,电场强度、质粒的浓度、细胞生长状态均对转化效率有明显影响,得到了该菌株的最适电转化条件为:对数初期的细胞,质粒浓度为100 ng/50μl菌液,在10 kV/cm电场强度下电转化,转化后细胞在复壮培养液中培养3 h后涂布选择性培养基,转化率可达2.6×103CFU/μg DNA。以甘氨酸、醋酸锂、二硫苏糖醇处理细胞壁,发现醋酸锂和二硫苏糖醇共同处理对转化效率有明显改善,可提高转化效率。     

农杆菌介导的单子叶植物早熟禾的转化

利用种子和胚分别在两种培养基K3和K5诱导产生了早熟禾(Poa pratensis L.)一个品种Mado的胚性愈伤组织.K3培养基含有10.0μmol/L的二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)、0.5μmol/L的苄氨基嘌呤(BAP).K5培养基是K3另加0.5μmol/L的硫酸铜.光照条件为20～30 μmol.m-2.s、16 h光照、8 h黑暗.温度保持在24℃.用携有bar基因和gus基因的pDM805质粒转化的农杆菌AGL1对胚性愈伤组织进行转化.共得到4个转基因株系.影响转基因效率的主要因素有愈伤组织的胚性、光照条件、共转化时间、抗生素浓度、选择压力.本研究建立了单子叶早熟禾农杆菌介导的转基因方案.     

应用电激法在大肠杆菌中导入外源性DNA

本文报道用国产基因导科脉冲仪(LN－101型),采用高压脉冲电场,将质粒DNA和噬菌体DNA成功地转化或转导人大肠杆菌。该电场单次电压脉冲范围1．Okv一2．5kv(初电场强度2,8kV／cm一16kV／cm)、电容范围5—20μF,用质粒pUC18和受体菌株DH5α,获得10　9－10　10转化子／μgDNA。电场强度、电容及脉冲时间等不同的因素影响转化效率。转化率与DNA的强度呈线性关系,与受体细胞密度成正比。 DNA和受体菌混合物在电激前,后的孵育时间,对转化效率影响不明显。用噬菌体M13mp 19 RF及受体菌株JMl09,同样可获得较高的转化效率。     

电击法锈导的欧白英原生质体转化和转化植株再生

本研究使用电击法成功地将带有标记基因ＮＰＴⅡ的质粒ｐＣａＭＶＮＥＯ转入欧白英的原生质体,并获得了再生转化植株。通过用ｐＤＷ２质粒进行的ＣＡＴ基因短暂表达研究,确定了欧白英原生质体转化的电击条件为：电容３０ｎＦ、电场强度１５００Ｖ／ｃｍ、时间衰变常数５９．４微秒;质粒ＤＮＡ浓度为２０μｇ／２×１０＾６原生质体。在以上条件下,欧白英原生质体的相对转化率为１２．４％,绝对转化率为２．４×１０－４。在大多     

根癌农杆菌介导的轮枝镰孢菌遗传转化及T-DNA插入突变体的筛选

建立并优化了农杆菌介导转化轮枝镰孢菌Fusarium verticillioides获得T-DNA插入突变体的体系,在镰孢菌孢子浓度106个/mL、农杆菌OD600=0.15-0.20、乙酰丁香酮浓度为200μmol/mL的条件下共培养36h转化率最高,可达60-120个/106个孢子。共获得转化子1000多个,连续转接5代能够稳定遗传。PCR验证潮霉素B抗性基因已整合进转化子基因组DNA中,部分转化子表现为生长和形态异常。该转化体系的建立为研究该菌的致病机制和功能基因分析奠定了基础。     

根癌农杆菌介导的轮枝镰孢菌遗传转化及T-DNA插入突变体的筛选

建立并优化了农杆菌介导转化轮枝镰孢菌Fusarium verticillioides获得T-DNA插入突变体的体系,在镰孢菌孢子浓度106个/mL、农杆菌OD600=0.15-0.20、乙酰丁香酮浓度为200μmol/mL的条件下共培养36h转化率最高,可达60-120个/106个孢子。共获得转化子1000多个,连续转接5代能够稳定遗传。PCR验证潮霉素B抗性基因已整合进转化子基因组DNA中,部分转化子表现为生长和形态异常。该转化体系的建立为研究该菌的致病机制和功能基因分析奠定了基础。     

质粒pBR322电注入E.coli HB101的研究

常用的转化方法是用CaCl_2或CaCl_2/RbCl_2处理受体菌使成感受态。转化率约为10~3—10~6个转化子/μg质粒DNA。近年发展起来的电转化技术可使转化率提高到lC~(?)—10~(10)个转化子/μg质粒DNA。我们以质粒pBR322和大肠杆菌HB101为实验材料,对常用的转化方法和电转化的结果进行了比较,对电转化中获得最佳转化效果和各种参数如电压、脉冲时间、脉冲次数、循环数等进行了探讨。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.