人凝血酶和浙江蝮蛇毒类凝血酶凝聚纤维蛋白原及释放血纤肽的不同机制

人纤维蛋白原经人凝血酶和浙江蝮蛇毒类凝血酶作用后,释放出血纤纤肽A和血纤肽B,二者可用高效液相色谱法分离鉴定。人凝血酶首先释放出血纤肽A,浙江蝮蛇毒类凝血酶则先释放出血纤肽B,甚至在纤维蛋白凝聚之前,血纤肽B的释放量早已达到极值,即使凝块形成后,血纤肽A与血纤肽B之比仍为1:3。人凝血酶在钙离子存在下,作用于纤维蛋白原时,其凝聚时间缩短,血纤肽A释放量不变,血纤肽B释放量则增高。在同样条件下,浙江蝮蛇毒类凝血酶作用时,血纤肽A释放量无明显变化,血纤肽B释放量却降低近1/3。无论是人凝血酶还是浙江蝮蛇毒类凝血酶,当与纤维蛋白原在2M尿素存在下反应时,均无可见凝块形成,但在37℃下用350nm光吸收监测其聚合过程仍可见光吸收上升,溶液呈乳白色。本文首次报道用电子显微镜观察比较了人凝血酶和浙江蝮蛇毒类凝血酶作用人纤维蛋白原后所形成的凝块结构。前者形成的结构致密,纤维长而细;后者形成的结构松散,较透明,纤维短而粗,这种结构更易为体内纤溶系统所降解。     

蛇毒类凝血酶的研究进展

蛇毒类凝血酶（TLE）属胰蛋白酶家族中的丝氨酸蛋白酶,在序列上与胰蛋白酶有更多的保守序列。具有精氨酸酯酶活性,能直接作用于纤维蛋白原,催化纤维蛋白原分子的特定部位Arg—Gly肽键的裂解,释放血纤肽A（FPA）或B（FPB）,导致纤维蛋白的单体首尾聚合而凝固,故被称为类凝血酶。但它在体内不激活凝血因子瑚,由它水解生成的纤维蛋白凝块不产生侧链交联,对纤溶酶的消化高度敏感,易被天然网状内皮系统或正常的纤溶作用所清除。因此导致胞浆中纤维蛋白原浓度显著下降,表现降纤、抗凝的效果。     

RGD肽对肺癌A549 细胞增殖侵袭能力的影响及其机制研究

目的:研究RGD肽对肺癌A549细胞增殖凋亡及侵袭迁移的影响,并探讨其作用机制。方法:不同浓度RGD肽处理肺癌A549细胞后,MTT检测肺癌细胞的增殖能力,流式细胞仪检测肺癌细胞凋亡及周期分布,Transwell检测其迁移及侵袭能力的变化,Western blot检测RGD肽对肺癌A549细胞MMP2、MMP9的表达水平影响。结果:当RGD肽浓度增加至50 mg/L时,肺癌A549细胞增殖明显受到抑制,且这种抑制作用呈剂量依赖关系;RGD肽组A549细胞G0/G1期细胞比例增高,细胞凋亡率由(6.1±0.1)%增至(15.2±0.5)%;在迁移和侵袭试验中,RGD肽组A549细胞的穿膜细胞数分别由123±10和43±10降至45±5和18±5;RGD肽组A549细胞MMP2、MMP9表达水平显著降低。结论:RGD肽对肺癌A549细胞的增殖有明显抑制作用,并促进其凋亡,可能与RGD肽改变其周期分布有关,RGD肽可明显抑制A549细胞的迁移及侵袭,可能与其下调MMP2、MMP9的表达相关。     

抗HER2人源化单克隆抗体在乳酸克鲁维酵母中的高效表达及其产物分析

目的：在乳酸克鲁维酵母中实现抗HER2人源化单克隆抗体的表达。方法：应用PCR扩增抗HER2人源化单克隆抗体的轻、重链基因,将扩增产物分别克隆入酵母表达载体pYES 2/ochI和pPICZαA/ura3,经限制性内切酶以及DNA序列测定分析插入片段正确后,将重组质粒转化乳酸克鲁维酵母(Δura3)。转化子用半乳糖诱导,经间接ELISA和Western blot鉴定所表达产物的产量以及和抗原结合的活性。结果：构建了抗HER2人源化单克隆抗体轻、重链表达载体pYES 2/ochI+αL和pPICZαA/ura3+αH,摇瓶培养表达产量可达(120±20)mg/L;经还原和非还原SDS-PAGE分析,抗体的轻、重链能够通过分子间二硫键正确装配;所表达抗体可与HER2胞外域特异性结合。结论：实现抗HER2人源化单克隆抗体在乳酸克鲁维酵母中的表达,具有与其抗原特异性结合的能力。     

烙铁头蛇毒纤维蛋白原溶酶研究——Ⅱ.对纤维蛋白原及凝血酶的作用

烙铁头(T.mucrosquamatus)蛇毒纤维蛋白原溶酶TMVFg能水解三肽底物Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-PNA,但对凝血酶的良好底物Cbz-Gly-Pro-Arg-PNA却活性甚低。TMVFS显著延长血浆凝血酶时间。血浆复钙时间及纤维蛋白原溶液凝血酶时间。同时,TMVFg体外也能延长全血凝固时间,表明具有抗凝作用。纤维蛋白原-纤维蛋白转换实验表明:TMVFg水解纤维蛋白原产生的纤维蛋白原断片(FDP)除具有抗凝血酶,抑制纤维蛋白聚合活性外,还能促进纤维蛋白的聚合。 进一步用FPLC分离TMVFg水解人纤维蛋白原混合液,得两个FDP断片功能峰,FDP组分Ⅰ和FDP组分Ⅱ。其中FDP组分Ⅰ能抑制纤维蛋白凝块形成;FDP组分Ⅱ能促进纤维蛋白凝块形成,抑制TMVA(烙铁头蛇毒血小板活化素,它可不通过ADP、花生四烯酸途径而诱导血小板聚集),但对ADP诱导的家兔血小板聚集无影响。TMVFg对凝血酶水解三肽底物Cbz-Gly-Pro-Arg-PNA及凝固纤维蛋白原的活性也有一定抑制作用。 实验证明,TMVFg抗凝的主要作用机理是其水解纤维蛋白原产生的断片对纤维蛋白原凝固的抑制作用、FDP断片抗凝血酶作用及TMVFg本身对凝血酶活性的抑制所引起的,但在二者之间,前者是主要的。 从研究结果发现:TMVFg水解纤维蛋白原所产生的断片有一类能加速凝血酶凝固纤维蛋白原的过程,这就发现了FDP断片的     

中华蜜蜂蜂毒镇静肽基因的cDNA克隆和表达

从中华蜜蜂 (Apisceranacerana)工蜂毒腺中快速抽提总RNA ,用RT PCR扩增得到大小约为2 5 0bp的cDNA片段 ,测序得到的片段长度为 2 34bp ,为蜂毒前镇静肽原 (preprosecapin)基因编码区的cDNA .以 3′RACE方法 ,扩增和测定了 3′端非编码区 2 19bp序列 .中蜂前镇静肽原cDNA序列与已报道的欧洲意蜂该基因cDNA序列具有 92 %同源性 ,氨基酸序列具有 87%同源性 .代表成熟肽镇静肽的最后 2 5个氨基酸序列 ,中蜂与意蜂同源性为 88% .3′端非编码区cDNA序列与欧洲意蜂序列有 73 1%同源性 .将中华蜜蜂蜂毒镇静肽成熟肽编码区与 3′非编码区部分克隆 ,构建了镇静肽与谷胱甘肽转移酶融合表达的载体pGEX AcSecapin .将载体转化大肠杆菌BL2 1(DE3)进行融合表达 .表达产物与抗GST抗体在 2 9kD处有很强的交叉反应 .大肠杆菌超声破碎后的上清液用SDS PAGE检测到表达的蛋白多为可溶性融合蛋白 ,通过亲和层析柱纯化和凝血酶的切割得到了镇静肽蛋白     

整合素介导小鼠卵内钙离子增加

为了研究整合素是否作为跨膜信号传递受体介导小鼠卵[Ca^2 ]i的变化并探讨其机制。本实验采用甘-精-甘-天冬-丝-脯(GLY-ARG-GLY-ASP-SER-PRO,RGD肽)、纤连蛋A(fibronectin,Fn)及抗整合素α6、β1的单克隆抗体作用于负载了钙探针Fluo-3／AM的去透明带小鼠卵,用激光共聚焦显微镜检测小鼠卵的荧光强度以反映卵[Ca^2 ];用无钙液替代有钙液、或用酪氨酸激酶抑制剂或蛋白激酶C的抑制剂预先作用于卵,然后再观察RGD肽所致卵[Ca^2 ]i的变化。结果显示整合素配体RGD肽或Fn作用于去透明带小鼠卵可引起卵[Ca^2 ]i增加,增加的程度与精子作用相似;去除培养液中的Ca^2 后,再用RGD肽、Fn作用仍可引起卵[Ca^2 ]i增加：用功能性的抗小鼠整合素α6、β1的单克隆抗体也可引起不同程度的卵[Ca^2]i增加,尤其以抗小鼠整合素α6、β1单克隆抗体的作用明显;用酪氨酸激酶抑制剂预先作用于鼠卵,RGD肽或精子作用都不再引起卵[Ca^2 ]i增加;蛋白激酶C抑制剂预先作用鼠卵,RGD肽及Fn也不再引起卵[Ca^2 ]i增加。实验证明。小鼠卵膜整合素与其配体结合可使卵内贮存钙离子释放,引起卵[Ca^2 ]i增加这一卵激活的早期事件;整合素介导小鼠卵激活需要酪氨酸激酶信号转导途径的参与;蛋白激酶C也参与了整合素介导的卵激活。     

β淀粉样肽单克隆抗体可变区基因的5′RACE扩增及序列分析

目的:克隆并分析抗β淀粉样肽单克隆抗体轻链与重链可变区基因。方法:从分泌抗β淀粉样肽单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株A8中提取总RNA,根据恒定区序列设计基因特异性引物,通过5′RACE法扩增抗体的轻链和重链可变区基因,测定并分析可变区基因序列,并克隆入pMD18-T载体。结果:重链可变区基因序列全长450bp,编码150个氨基酸残基;轻链可变区基因序列全长429bp,编码143个氨基酸残基。在GeneBank中对氨基酸序列进行比对分析,二者均符合小鼠IgG可变区基因的特征。根据Kabat法则对A8抗体轻链和重链可变区氨基酸序列基因进行分析并确定了3个抗原互补决定区(CDR)、4个框架区(FR)和信号肽。结论:通过5′RACE法得到了抗β淀粉样肽单克隆抗体轻链与重链可变区基因,为进一步研究抗体三维结构,以及对该抗体进行人源化改造奠定了基础。     

白细胞介素2亲和性配体的筛选

白细胞介素2(IL-2)及其受体拮抗剂的研究对免疫抑制药物的研制具有重要作用.抗白细胞介素2受体α链中和性单克隆抗体5G1(抗Tac型抗体)能够特异性地阻断IL-2与其受体的结合.因此,5G1可作为目标分子被用来在噬菌体展示肽库中筛选白细胞介素2的亲和性配体.经过4轮亲和性筛选以及5G1亲和活性的测定,6个具有明显5G1亲和活性的噬菌体克隆被发现.DNA序列分析结果显示出,所得到的肽序列具有明显的保守性,即SSFT(L/P)I.该序列与IL-2受体α链没有同源性.因此,SSFT(L/P)I可能模拟了IL-2受体α链上的一个不连续表位(mimotope),为白细胞介素2亲和性配体片段.     

菜花烙铁头蛇毒中一种具有激肽释放酶与纤维蛋白原溶酶活性的Jerdonase

通过DEAESephadexA 5 0阴离子交换、超细SephadexG 10 0分子筛和反相高效液相C4 色谱层析 ,从菜花烙铁头蛇毒冻干粉中纯化出一种具有激肽释放酶活性和α纤维蛋白原溶酶活性的丝氨酸蛋白酶 ,命名为Jerdonase。在 12 .5 %胶浓度的SDS还原电泳条件下 ,该酶分子量大约为 5 5kD ,在非还原电泳条件下 ,分子量大约为 5 3kD。此酶是一种糖蛋白 ,含有约 35 .8%的中性糖。它的N末端氨基酸序列为IIGGDEENINEHPFLVALYDA ,其序列和蛇毒中其他丝氨酸蛋白酶具有非常高的序列相似性。Jerdonase能够催化BAEE、S 2 2 38和S 2 30 2的水解 ,其水解活性可被PMSF抑制 ,但是EDTA对此没有影响。Jerdonase能优先水解人纤维蛋白原的Aα链 ,同时伴随有微弱的Bβ链水解活性。另外 ,此酶能够水解牛低分子量的激肽原 ,释放舒缓激肽。总之 ,所有的结果表明Jerdonase是一个具有多功能活性的蛇毒丝氨酸蛋白酶     

可溶性血纤蛋白促进细胞伸展及其作用机制

可溶性血纤蛋白（ｓｏｌｕｂｌｅｆｉｂｒｉｎ,ＳＦ）为血纤蛋白单体和血纤蛋白原１∶２的复合物．现已知在血液凝固系统被激活的病理状态下,存在于循环血液中,然而它的生理作用仍然不明．首次发现细胞能在固定的ＳＦ上伸展,并能被外源性ＳＦ及精氨酸－甘氨酸－天冬氨酸（ＲＧＤ）合成肽所抑制,但不能被血纤蛋白原和血纤蛋白单体所抑制,提示ＳＦ形成后其结构变化是引起细胞伸展的关键．片段Ｘ（缺乏ＲＧＤ２序列的血纤蛋白原片段）与血纤蛋白单体形成的复合物,使细胞伸展活性明显减低,提示在ＳＦ结构中,血纤蛋白原的ＲＧＤ２序列在细胞伸展中起重要作用．同时发现ＤＩＣ患者血浆中的ＳＦ也具有细胞伸展活性．ＳＦ作为一个粘附分子在体内血栓形成过程中起重要调节作用     

Localization of a fibrin polymerization site

The formation of a fibrin clot is initiated after the proteolytic cleavage of fibrinogen by thrombin. The enzyme removes fibrinopeptides A and B and generates fibrin monomer which spontaneously polymerizes. Polymerization appears to occur though the interaction of complementary binding sites on the NH2-terminal and COOH-terminal (Fragment D) regions of the molecule. A peptide has been isolated from the gamma chain remnant of fibrinogen Fragment D1 which has the ability to bind to the NH2-terminal region of fibrinogen as well as to inhibit fibrin monomer polymerization. The peptide reduces the maximum rate and extent of the polymerization of thrombin or batroxobin fibrin monomer and increases the lag time. The D1 peptide does not interact with disulfide knot, fibrinogen, or Fragment D1, but it binds to thrombin-treated disulfide knot with a Kd of 1.45 X 10(-6) M at approximately two binding sites per molecule of disulfide knot. Fibrin monomer formed either by thrombin or batroxobin binds approximately two molecules of D1 peptide per molecule of fibrin monomer, indicating that the complementary site is revealed by the loss of fibrinopeptide A. The NH2-terminal sequence (Thr-Arg-Trp) and COOH-terminal sequence (Ala-Gly-Asp-Val) of the D1 peptide were determined. Therefore the gamma 373-410 region of fibrinogen contains a polymerization site which is complementary to the thrombin-activated site on the NH2-terminal region of fibrinogen.     

Probing the gamma2 calcium-binding site: studies with gammaD298,301A fibrinogen reveal changes in the gamma294-301 loop that alter the integrity of the "a" polymerization site

To determine the significance of the gamma2 calcium-binding site in fibrin polymerization, we synthesized the fibrinogen variant, gammaD298,301A. We expected these two alanine substitutions to prevent calcium binding in the gamma2 site. We examined the influence of calcium on the polymerization of gammaD298,301A fibrinogen, evaluated its plasmin susceptibility, and solved 2.7 and 2.4 A crystal structures of the variant with the peptide ligands Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro-amide (GPRP) and Gly-His-Arg-Pro-amide (GHRP), respectively. We found that thrombin-catalyzed polymerization of gammaD298,301A fibrinogen was modestly impaired, whereas batroxobin-catalyzed polymerization was significantly impaired relative to normal fibrinogen. Notably, the influence of calcium on polymerization was the same for the variant and for normal fibrinogen. Fibrinogen gammaD298,301A was more susceptible to plasmin proteolysis in the presence of GPRP. This finding suggests structural changes in the near-by "a" polymerization site. Comparisons of the structures revealed minor conformational changes in the gamma294-301 loop that are likely responsible for the weakened "a" site. When considered altogether, the data suggest that the gamma2 calcium-binding site does not significantly modulate polymerization. We cannot, however, rule out the possibility that the weakened "a" polymerization site masks an important role for the gamma2 calcium-binding site in normal polymerization. Somewhat unexpectedly, the structure data showed that GPRP bound to the "b" site and induced the same local conformational changes as GHRP to this site. This structure shows that "A:b" interactions can occur and suggests that these may participate in normal polymerization.     

Substitution of gamma Arg-275 by Cys in an abnormal fibrinogen, "fibrinogen Osaka II". Evidence for a unique solitary cystine structure at the mutation site

In an abnormal fibrinogen with impaired fibrin monomer polymerization designed as fibrinogen Osaka II, we have identified substitution of Arg by Cys at position 275 of the gamma chain. This Cys is linked to a free cysteine molecule by a disulfide link as evidenced by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. This finding was supported by identification of a single cysteine released from isolated abnormal fragment D1 upon reduction. This unique cystine structure at the mutation site has not been reported heretofore in any abnormal protein including fibrinogen. The substitution may well perturb the structure required for fibrin monomer polymerization, specifically that assigned to the carboxyl-terminal D domain of fibrinogen. Indeed, isolated fragment D1 with the Cys substitution failed to inhibit thrombin-mediated clotting of normal fibrinogen and normal fibrin monomer polymerization, while normal fragment D1 inhibited them markedly. Our data seem to provide supporting evidence that the putative polymerization site(s) assigned to the D domain of fibrinogen may be structure-dependent, including the carboxyl-terminal segment of the gamma chain as well as a contiguous region that contains the gamma 275 residue.     

Expression of primary polymerization sites in the D domain of human fibrinogen depends on intact conformation

Fragments D1 and DD, plasmic degradation products of human fibrinogen and cross-linked fibrin, respectively, originate from the COOH-terminal domain of the parent molecule. Since a specific binding site for fibrin resides in the COOH-terminal region of the gamma chain, the primary structure of the two fragments was compared and their affinity for fibrin monomer measured. Fragments D1 and DD contained the same segments of the three fibrinogen chains, corresponding to the sequences alpha 105-206, beta 134-461, and gamma 63-411. Fragment DD had a double set of the same chain remnants. Fragments D1 and DD inhibited polymerization of fibrin monomer in a dose-dependent manner; 50% inhibition occurred at a molar ratio of fragment to monomer of 1:1 and 0.5:1, respectively. To prevent fibrin monomer polymerization and render it suitable for binding studies in the liquid phase, fibrinogen was decorated with Fab fragments isolated from rabbit antibodies to human fragment D1. Fibrinogen molecules decorated with 6 molecules of this Fab fragment did not clot after incubation with thrombin, and the decorated fibrin monomer could be used to measure binding of fragments D1 and DD in a homogeneous liquid phase. The data analyzed according to the Scatchard equation and a double-reciprocal plot gave a dissociation constant of 12 nM for fragment D1 and 38 nM for fragment DD. There were two binding sites/fibrin monomer molecule for each fragment. After denaturation in 5 M guanidine HCl, the inhibitory function on fibrin polymerization was irreversibly destroyed. Denatured fragments also lost binding affinity for immobilized fibrin monomer. The preservation of the native tertiary structure in both fragments was essential for the expression of polymerization sites in the structural D domain.     

Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro modifies the glutamine residues in the alpha- and gamma-chains of fibrinogen: inhibition of transglutaminase cross-linking

During blood clotting Factor XIIIa, a transglutaminase, catalyzes the formation of covalent bonds between the epsilon-amino group of lysine and the gamma-carboxamide group of peptide-bound glutamine residues between fibrin molecules. We report that glycyl-L-prolyl-L-arginyl-L-proline (GPRP), a tetrapeptide that binds to the fibrin polymerization sites (D-domain) in fibrin(ogen), inhibits transglutaminase cross-linking by modifying the glutamine residues in the alpha- and gamma-chains of fibrinogen. Purified platelet Factor XIIIa, and tissue transglutaminase from adult bovine aortic endothelial cells were used for the cross-linking studies. Gly-Pro (GP) and Gly-Pro-Gly-Gly (GPGG), peptides which do not bind to fibrinogen, had no effect on transglutaminase cross-linking. GPRP inhibited platelet Factor XIIIa-catalyzed cross-linking between the gamma-chains of the following fibrin(ogen) derivatives: fibrin monomers, fibrinogen and polymerized fibrin fibers. GPRP functioned as a reversible, noncompetitive inhibitor of Factor XIIIa-catalyzed incorporation of [3H]putrescine and [14C]methylamine into fibrinogen and Fragment D1. GPRP did not inhibit 125I-Factor XIIIa binding to polymerized fibrin, demonstrating that the Factor XIIIa binding sites on fibrin were not modified. GPRP also had no effect on Factor XIIIa cross-linking of [3H]putrescine to casein. This demonstrates that GPRP specifically modified the glutamine cross-linking sites in fibrinogen, and had no effect on either Factor XIIIa or the lysine residues in fibrinogen. GPRP also inhibited [14C]putrescine incorporation into the alpha- and gamma-chains of fibrinogen without inhibiting beta-chain incorporation, suggesting that the intermolecular cross-linking sites were selectively affected. Furthermore, GPRP inhibited tissue transglutaminase-catalyzed incorporation of [3H]putrescine into both fibrinogen and Fragment D1, without modifying [3H]putrescine incorporation into casein. GPRP also inhibited intermolecular alpha-alpha-chain cross-linking catalyzed by tissue transglutaminase. This demonstrates that the glutamine residues in the alpha-chains involved in intermolecular cross-linking are modified by GPRP. This is the first demonstration that a molecule binding to the fibrin polymerization sites on the D-domain of fibrinogen modifies the glutamine cross-linking sites on the alpha- and gamma-chains of fibrinogen.     

Three-dimensional migration of neurites is mediated by adhesion site density and affinity

Three-dimensional neurite outgrowth rates within fibrin matrices that contained variable amounts of RGD peptides were shown to depend on adhesion site density and affinity. Bi-domain peptides with a factor XIIIa substrate in one domain and a RGD sequence in the other domain were covalently incorporated into fibrin gels during coagulation through the action of the transglutaminase factor XIIIa, and the RGD-dependent effect on neurite outgrowth was quantified, employing chick dorsal root ganglia cultured two- and three-dimensionally within the modified fibrin. Two separate bi-domain peptides were synthesized, one with a lower binding affinity linear RGD domain and another with a higher binding affinity cyclic RGD domain. Both peptides were cross-linked into fibrin gels at concentrations up to 8.2 mol of peptide/mol of fibrinogen, and their effect on neurite outgrowth was measured. Both two- and three-dimensional neurite outgrowth demonstrated a bi-phasic dependence on RGD concentration for both the linear and cyclic peptide, with intermediate adhesion site densities yielding maximal neurite extension and higher densities inhibiting outgrowth. The adhesion site density that yielded maximal outgrowth depended strongly on adhesion site affinity in both two and three dimensions, with lower densities of the higher affinity ligand being required (0.8-1.7 mol/mol for the linear peptide versus 0.2 mol/mol for the cyclic peptide yielding maximum neurite outgrowth rates in three-dimensional cultures).     

The effect of anti-beta 43-47 Fab fragments on expression of the polymerization sites in the E domain of fibrinogen

In order to assess the significance of the aminoterminal residues of the B beta chain in expression of polymerization sites of the E domain, we have prepared polyclonal antiserum against a synthetic peptide corresponding to beta 43-47 of human fibrinogen. Affinity purified immunoglobulin IgG and Fab prepared from these antibodies reacted strongly and specifically with the synthetic pentapeptide and intact fibrinogen molecule. This specificity was determined both by radioimmunoassay and Western blot analysis of fibrinogen and its plasmic fragments and described in our previous paper (Cierniewski et al., 1986, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 884, 594-597). Immunochemically purified anti beta 43-47 antibodies and their Fab fragments were strong inhibitors of the fibrin monomer polymerization. Our results imply that amino acid sequence beta 43-47 recognized by these antibodies may be in a close vicinity to the contact sites of the E domain.     

Characterization of peptides cleaved by plasmin from the C-terminal polymerization domain of human fibrinogen

The C-terminal region of the fibrinogen gamma chain is known to participate in several functional interactions including fibrin polymerization. This part of the molecule is retained on the gamma chain of fragment D (FgD) when fibrinogen is digested by plasmin in the presence of calcium to produce the fragment D-fragment E (FgD X FgE) complex but is lost if FgD is prepared in the absence of calcium. In an attempt to characterize the C-terminal polymerization domain we have used three techniques to examine this further degradation of FgD following the addition of EDTA and plasmin. Analysis of the digestion by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed a progressive cleavage of the gamma chain to two small remnants. The polymerization-inhibitory activity of the whole digest was studied using acid-solubilized fibrin. A progressive loss of inhibitory activity was associated with gamma chain shortening, reaching greater than a 120-fold reduction at the end of digestion. The cleavage of peptides was followed by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography and the release of a characteristic peptide triplet was associated with gamma chain cleavage. Manual sequencing, amino acid analysis, and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry established the three peptides as gamma 303-356, 357-373, and 374-405. These peptides have sequences in common with those peptides recently reported by other investigators to be potent polymerization inhibitors. However, when a mixture of the three peptides was added in a 200-fold molar excess to polymerizing fibrin, no inhibitory activity could be demonstrated. It is concluded that the C-terminal polymerization domain of fibrinogen may be an extended region which includes the sequence gamma 303-405, when this is contiguous with the remainder of the gamma chain.     

血纤蛋白粘附肽与低分子量单链尿激酶融合产物活性分析

人工合成了血纤蛋白粘附肽基因,构建了粘附肽与低分子量单链尿激酶ｃＤＮＡ的融合基因,在大肠杆菌中表达了融合基因。融合基因表达产物的抗原性和天然尿激酶相同,并具有尿激酶的溶纤活性和粘附肽的抗纤维蛋白单体聚合的功能。