RT-PCR方法扩增白蛉热病毒M片段的研究

为建立扩增未知序列白蛉热病毒M片段的RT-PCR方法,本研究选取7个血清组成员和8个未分组血清型,共42株白蛉热病毒为RT-PCR检测对象.通过排列GenBank中已知的4型白蛉热病毒M片段氨基酸序列,选择保守区设计引物.根据保守区各已知病毒的cDNA特异序列合成寡核苷酸,将相同区的寡核苷酸等量混合成为"鸡尾酒"引物,用于RT-PCR.扩增产物经电泳检测,纯化后直接测序.引物对Ph-M-2FM和Ph-M-3RM扩增产物长度约为600bp,从42株病毒中扩增出34株,阳性率为81.0%.另一引物对Ph-M-2FM和Ph-M-4R2M扩增产物长度约为1400bp,扩增出22株病毒,阳性率为52.3%.测出序列经BLAST检索,与GenBank中已知白蛉热病毒同源.本研究首次成功地应用RT-PCR扩增不同血清型未知序列白蛉热病毒的部分M片段,并测出扩增产物序列,为白蛉热病毒属成员的基因鉴定和种系发生关系分析提供了实验手段,并将有助于白蛉热病毒感染的基因诊断.     

传染性支气管炎病毒江苏分离株核蛋白基因序列测定与同源性分析

将本室鸡传染性支气管炎病毒（IBV）江苏省地方分离肾型毒株JS／95／03接种鸡胚,分离、纯化病毒,提取单股RNA做为反转录－聚合酶链反应（RT－PCR）的扩增模板。用Genbank公开序列多重比较后设计一对引物,使用单管RT－PCR方法,物异扩增IBV核蛋白（N）基因5'端854bp的片段,扩增产物纯化后测,序列分析表明,IBV N基因也存在较大变异,此毒株与呼吸型疫苗株M41序列同源性最高。     

广东地区两种兰花病毒病害的分子鉴定及检测

根据已报道的建兰花叶病毒(CyMV)和齿兰环斑病毒(ORSV)基因组核苷酸序列,在其cp基因上下游设计PCR引物。CyMV预计扩增产物784bp,ORSV预计扩增产物604bp。以采集自广东省顺德的墨兰和文心兰表现病毒病症状的病株叶组织总RNA为模板,进行RT—PCR扩增。对预期大小的5个扩增产物进行克隆和测序,结果表明,来源于不同兰种或同一兰种不同兰场的病样CyMV引物扩增产物核苷酸序列存在少量差异,但均与世界各地的CyMV分离物cp基因高度同源;而来源于不同兰种的病样ORSV引物扩增产物核苷酸序列完全相同,与世界各地的ORSV分离物cp基因高度同源。因此可将侵染广东兰花的两种病毒鉴定为CyMV和ORSV。混合上述两种病毒的PCR引物,采用双重RT—PCR扩增,对采自广东顺德23个兰场共153份样品进行病毒检测,76份(49．7％)检出CyMV,52份(34．0％)检出ORSV,2份(1．3％)同时检出CyMV和ORSV。     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒H株纤突蛋白S1基因的克隆及其在毕赤酵母中表达

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)河南分离株H,经SPF鸡胚增殖,差速离心纯化病毒,SDS-蛋白酶K法抽提病毒RNA。参照IBV Bcaudette株纤突蛋白S1基因序列设计并合成引物,以其进行RT—PCR,成功地扩增出IBV H株S1基因。扩增产物经Bst YⅠ Hae Ⅲ和Pst Ⅰ酶切分析,结果表明,IBV H株S1基因的RFLP图谱与M41株S1基因的完全一致,初步断定IBV H株为Mass血清型。将IBVH株S1基因克隆于pGEM—T载体中进行序列分析,结果表明该基因全长为1611bp(从ATG到S前体蛋白裂解位点),与标准株M41和Beaudette的S1基因序列相比较,同源率分别达到97．39％和97、27％。将IBV H株S1基因亚克隆到pPICZ—A表达载体,转化毕赤酵母中,SDS—PAGE实验证实了IBV H株S1基因在毕赤酵母中得以表达,进一步用鸡抗IBV血清做Westernblot检测．证实了表达产物的抗原特异性。     

兔出血症病毒中国株衣壳蛋白基因的克隆和序列分析

应用RT—PCR技术,从兔出血症病毒中国分离株WX84中成功扩增出预期大小为1．7kb的特异性条带,将扩增产物提纯后克隆入pGEM^R—T载体,经转化、筛选及酶切鉴定后,获得了该株病毒衣壳蛋白基因的克隆,序列分析表明扩增的中国株BHD衣壳蛋白基因片段长度为1740bp,共编码580个氨基酸。该核酸序列与其它国家报道的多株BHDV序列相互间同源性高达98．2％一99．0％,其推导的氨基酸序列同源性也达98．3％--99．1％,为极度保守片段。     

猴轮状病毒（SAII）RT—PCR检测方法的建立

上海市实验动物质量监督检验站王胜昌等4位先生根据具有高度保守性编码VP7轮状病毒糖蛋白基因9序列设计引物,分别进行RT—PCR和NT—PCR扩增,结果表明：引物Beg^9／ENd9、Beg^9-1／End9—1及引物RVG9／aET3、RVG9／aET3-1分别能在一次RT—PCR扩增中出现预期的1062bp和3746bp扩增带;引物RVG9／aET3、RVG9／aET3—1在NT—PCR扩增中均能出现预期的374bp扩增带;验证了猴轮状病毒SAII属于血清型3;引物RVG9／aET3进行敏感试验能检测到0．5pg的轮状病毒（SAII）dscDNA。     

简并PCR结合RACE技术克隆申克孢子丝菌未知过氧化氢酶基因

目的 克隆孢子丝菌未知过氧化氢酶基因,命名为Sscat基因.方法 根据生物信息库中7种已知真菌过氧化氢酶氨基酸序列的高度保守区域设计简并引物,PCR扩增获得部分Sscat基因cDNA片段,随后应用RACE技术分别扩增其3’端和5’端未知序列.结果 Sscat基因cDNA序列全长1746 bp,其中包括5’端121 b...     

用温度循环法测定扩增DNA的序列比较汉坦病毒同型间的核酸序列

用温度循环法测定扩增ＤＮＡ的序列比较汉坦病毒同型间的核酸序列作者应用温度循环测序法对汉坦病毒血清型特异性引物扩增所得的ＰＣＲ产物进行序列测定以确定同一血清型几株病毒间序列的相似水平。测序用模板为上游引物和下游引物之间,测得的２８２,２６４和２９１个碱...     

三重RT-PCR同步检测马铃薯多种病毒影响因素*

根据病毒外壳蛋白区序列设计PVX、PVS特异性引物对 ,根据P1基因区序列设计PVA特异性引物对 ,应用三重RT PCR同步检测马铃薯X病毒 ,马铃薯A病毒及马铃薯S病毒 ,分别得到 5 62bp、 2 5 5bp、 1 82bp大小的扩增片段。试验从反转录反应、PCR反应及循环条件 3方面讨论了试剂和循环条件对三重RT PCR同步检测 3种病毒的影响。结果表明反转录反应中dNTPs浓度、 3种病毒下游引物浓度比例对整个反应影响较大 ;其次是PCR反应中MgCl₂ 浓度和退火温度 ;     

用PCR区分两种密切相关的真菌传棒状病毒

根据已发表的甜菜坏死黄脉病毒(BNYVV)的序列合成了寡聚核苷酸引物,用于反转录酶聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)以区分甜菜土传花叶病毒(BSBMV)和BNYVV。与BNYVV RNA1的3’-末端互补的引物在从感染BNYVV的植物抽提液中用PCR扩增一个预计大小约1056bp的产物时有效。同一引物也能指导从感染BSBMV的植株抽提液中扩增一种大约1000bp的PCR产物。如果将感染BSBMV和感染BNYVV的植株抽提液混合,该引物只能起始BNYVV的扩增。BSBMV的产物和BNYVV的产物除了存在细微的大小差异之外,还可以通过用Tha Ⅰ消化来区别,Tha Ⅰ只裂解BSBMV的产物,而不能裂解BNYVV的产物。已测定了BSBMV RT—PCR的部分序列,合成了对BSBMV专化的引物。该引物只能从感染BSBMV的植株抽提液中引导扩增一种预计大小约691.bp的PCR产物。从含BSBMV乖IBNYVV的抽提液中只能产生一种期望大小的BSBMV的PCR产物。由对BSBMV专化的引物得到的。BSBMV的PCR产物可以被Tka I消化。用BSBMV引物从几种地理起源和症状表型不同的BSBMV分离物的抽提液中扩增到的PCR产物大小相同。     

利用反向PCR方法扩增细菌热激蛋白HSP60基因

利用PCR简并引物扩增出HSP6 0基因中一段约 6 0 0bp的核心片段 ,将该核心片段标记为探针 ,与基因组DNA进行Southern杂交 ,选择出适宜的限制性内切酶 ,以便消化基因组DNA得到大小合适的、含有HSP6 0基因的酶切片段。将酶切片段自身环化后作为模板进行反向PCR ,引物的延伸方向自核心片段出发延环化分子向未知序列区进行 ,可扩增出核心区上下游的序列。应用该方法 ,扩增并测定了寓齿双歧杆菌 (Bifidobacteriumdenticolens)DSM1 0 1 0 5 T、奇异双歧杆菌 (Bifidobacteriuminopinatum)DSM1 0 1 0 7T 和阴道加德纳氏菌 (Gard nerellavaginalis)ATCC1 40 1 8T 的HSP6 0全基因序列及青春双歧杆菌 (Bifidobacteriumadolescentis)JCM1 2 75 T98%以上的HSP6 0全基因序列。结果表明 ,反向PCR方法可有效的扩增细菌HSP6 0基因     

PCR PRIMERS FOR THE AMPLIFICATION OF MITOCHONDRIAL SMALL SUBUNIT RIBOSOMAL DNA OF LICHEN-FORMING ASCOMYCETES

Abstract: Four primers for the amplification of mitochondrial DNA of lichen-forming ascomycetes are presented. The primers match the conserved regions U2, U4, and U6, respectively, of mitochondrial small subunit (SSU) ribosomal DNA (rDNA). Polymerase chain reaction using different combinations of the primers produced single amplification products from DNA of eight lichen-forming fungal species but did not amplify DNA of two axenic cultured algal species. The amplification product obtained from Lobaria pulmonaria was sequenced and the 894-bp sequence was compared with the mitochondrial SSU rDNA sequence of Podospora anserina. The two sequences revealed more than 76% identity in the conserved regions U3 to U5 demonstrating that we amplified mitochondrial DNA. The primers matching U2 and U6 yielded amplification products of 800–1000 bp depending on the species examined. The variation observed suggests that mitochondrial SSU rDNA may be useful for phylogenetic analyses of lichen-forming ascomycetes.     

Genomic species typing of acinetobacters by polymerase chain reaction amplification of the recA gene

Abstract The recA gene has been used as a target in screening for the presence of acinetobacters on the genospecies level and differentiation of relevant acinetobacter species from one another by PCR. Primers deduced from known recA gene sequences of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Neisseria gonorrhoeae allowed the amplification of DNAs from all Acinetobacter genospecies. The size of the amplified DNA fragment from all genospecies tested was approximately 435–500 bp relative to DNA size markers. The amplified products were examined further by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Restriction analysis with only two enzymes, Mbo I and Hin fI, enabled us to identify all known genospecies. Since this method uses conserved recA gene sequences for primers, it is expected to be applicable for the identification of most bacterial species.     

Identification of two processed pseudogenes of the human Tom20 gene

The open reading frame (ORF) of the human Tom20 gene (hTom20) was amplified by PCR from a HeLa cDNA library using primers based on the sequence of HUMRSC145 and cloned into a pET15b vector. Amplification of human genomic DNA using these primers yielded a DNA fragment of the same size as that of the ORF of hTom20 cDNA. Sequencing of this fragment revealed that: (1) it has the same number of base pairs as the ORF of hTom20 cDNA (438 bp); and (2) the two sequences differ by 14 single base pair substitutions (97% similarity) causing eight changes in the amino acid sequence and two premature stop codons. Further amplification of human genomic DNA adaptor-ligated libraries using primers based on HUMRSC145 revealed three different sequence-related genomic regions; one corresponding to the fragment referred above, another corresponding to the hTom20 gene, and a third fragment of which the sequence differs from the ORF of hTom20 cDNA by only 22 base pair substitutions and a deletion of 4 bp. We conclude that, in addition to the hTom20 gene, there are two genomic DNA sequences (Ψ1Tom20 and Ψ2Tom20) that are processed pseudogenes of hTom20. Aspects concerning their evolutionary origin are discussed. Received: 12 September 1997 / Accepted: 29 November 1997     

PCR-based detection of Mycoplasma species

In this study, we describe our newly-developed sensitive two-stage PCR procedure for the detection of 13 common mycoplasmal contaminants (M. arthritidis, M. bovis, M. fermentans, M. genitalium, M. hominis, M. hyorhinis, M. neurolyticum, M. orale, M. pirum, M. pneumoniae, M. pulmonis, M. salivarium, U. urealyticum). For primary amplification, the DNA regions encompassing the 16S and 23S rRNA genes of 13 species were targeted using general mycoplasma primers. The primary PCR products were then subjected to secondary nested PCR, using two different primer pair sets, designed via the multiple alignment of nucleotide sequences obtained from the 13 mycoplasmal species. The nested PCR, which generated DNA fragments of 165-353 bp, was found to be able to detect 1-2 copies of the target DNA, and evidenced no cross-reactivity with the genomic DNA of related microorganisms or of human cell lines, thereby confirming the sensitivity and specificity of the primers used. The identification of contaminated species was achieved via the performance of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) coupled with Sau3AI digestion. The results obtained in this study furnish evidence suggesting that the employed assay system constitutes an effective tool for the diagnosis of mycoplasmal contamination in cell culture systems.     

Development of reliable PCR-based markers linked to downy mildew resistance genes in lettuce

Summary Sequence characterized amplified regions (SCARs) were derived from eight random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers linked to disease resistance genes in lettuce. SCARs are PCR-based markers that represent single, genetically defined loci that are identified by PCR amplification of genomic DNA with pairs of specific oligonucleotide primers; they may contain high-copy, dispersed genomic sequences within the amplified region. Amplified RAPD products were cloned and sequenced. The sequence was used to design 24-mer oligonucleotide primers for each end. All pairs of SCAR primers resulted in the amplification of single major bands the same size as the RAPD fragment cloned. Polymorphism was either retained as the presence or absence of amplification of the band or appeared as length polymorphisms that converted dominant RAPD loci into codominant SCAR markers. This study provided information on the molecular basis of RAPD markers. The amplified fragment contained no obvious repeated sequences beyond the primer sequence. Five out of eight pairs of SCAR primers amplified an alternate allele from both parents of the mapping population; therefore, the original RAPD polymorphism was likely due to mismatch at the primer sites.     

Study of the intergenic exeF-exeG region and its application as a simple preliminary test for Aeromonas spp.

Abstract The exeF-exeG intergenic regions from different hybridization groups (HG) of Aeromonas were studied by PCR amplification using a single pair of primers. Six main classes of PCR products were identified according to size: 360 bp, 320 bp, 280 bp, 230–240 bp, 220 bp and 160 bp. Direct sequencing of the PCR products indicated that the shorter intergenic regions had probably originated from deletion of DNA segments between direct repeats. Correlation of certain PCR products with Aeromonas caviae (HG4), A. caviae (HG5), A. veronii (HG8) and A. salmonicida (HG3) was revealed. The PCR reaction was also shown to be generally specific for Aeromonas spp. Thus, the usefulness of this rapid, single colony-based PCR test for both identification and preliminary differentiation of Aeromonas spp. is demonstrated.     

New universal matK primers for DNA barcoding angiosperms

The chloroplast maturase K gene (matK) is one of the most variable coding genes of angiosperms and has been suggested to be a "barcode" for land plants. However, matK exhibits low amplification and sequencing rates due to low universality of currently available primers and mononucleotide repeats. To resolve these technical problems, we evaluated the entire matK region to find a region of 600-800 bp that is highly variable, represents the best of all matK regions with priming sites conservative enough to design universal primers, and avoids the mononucleotide repeats. After careful evaluation, a region in the middle was chosen and a pair of primers named natK472F and matK1248R was designed to amplify and sequence the matK fragment of approximately 776 bp. This region encompasses the most variable sites, represents the entire matK region best, and also exhibits high amplification rates and quality of sequences. The universality of this primer pair was tested using 58 species from 47 families of angiosperm plants. The primers showed a strong amplification (93.1%) and sequencing (92.6%)successes in the species tested. We propose that the new primers will solve, in part, the problems encountered when using matK and promote the adoption of matK as a DNA barcode for angiosperms.     

Identification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of Marshallagia marshalli and Ostertagia gruehneri from Svalbard reindeer

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to identify two common abomasal nematodes Marshallagia marshalli and Ostertagia gruehneri of Svalbard reindeer was developed. Species-specific PCR primers were designed from internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-2 sequences of rDNA and validated using morphologically identified adult male and female nematodes. Using the species-specific primers, a 110 bp fragment was amplified from M. marshalli and its minor morph Marshallagia occidentalis and a 149 bp fragment was amplified from Ostertagia gruehneri and its minor morph Ostertagia arctica. No PCR products were amplified from the third rare species, Teladorsagia circumcincta, or DNA from the reindeer host. The assay provides a useful tool to estimate species composition for both sexes in this nematode community.     

Polymorphisms flanking the mariner integration sites in the rice gall midge (Orseolia oryzae Wood-Mason) genome are biotype-specific.

In an effort to study genome diversity within and between the Indian biotypes of the Asian rice gall midge, Orseolia oryzae, a major insect pest of rice, we made use of mariner transposable element integration site polymorphisms. Using degenerate primers, the design of which is based on mariner sequences, we amplified a ca. 450 bp mariner sequence from the rice gall midge. The mariner sequence showed homology with that of a mariner element isolated from the Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor, a major dipteran pest of wheat. Southern hybridization, using this mariner fragment as a probe, revealed that the mariner elements are moderately to highly repetitive in the rice gall midge genome. Based on the sequence information of this 450-bp PCR-amplified fragment, outward-directed primers were designed and used in an inverse PCR (iPCR) to amplify the DNA flanking the conserved regions. To study the regions flanking the mariner integration sites, we employed a novel PCR-based approach: a combination of sequence specific amplification polymorphism (SSAP) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). The outward-directed mariner-specific primer was used in combination with adapter-specific primers with 1-3 selective nucleotides at their 3' ends. The amplification products were resolved on an agarose gel, Southern-transferred onto nylon membranes, and probed with the iPCR fragment. Results revealed biotype-specific polymorphisms in the regions flanking the mariner integration sites, suggesting that mariner elements in the rice gall midge may be fixed in a biotype-specific manner. The implications of these results are discussed in the context of biotype differentiation.