FAS在子宫内膜样腺癌及其癌前病变中的表达及意义

目的研究脂肪酸合成酶(Fatty acid synthase FAS)在子宫内膜样腺癌及其癌前病变中的表达以及与临床病理意义。方法 37例子宫内膜样腺癌、21例子宫内膜非典型增生、23例子宫内膜复杂性增生、17例子宫内膜单纯性增生及11例增生期子宫内膜中FAS的表达情况,结合临床病理参数并进行统计学分析。结果 FAS在子宫内膜样腺癌、子宫内膜非典型增生、子宫内膜复杂性增生、子宫内膜单纯性增生及增生期子宫内膜中均有表达,其阳性表达率依次为81.1%、57.1%、56.5%、52.9%、45.5%。子宫内膜样腺癌中FAS的阳性表达率明显高于增生期子宫内膜、子宫内膜单纯性增生、子宫内膜复杂性增生及子宫内膜非典型增生(P<0.05)。FAS的阳性表达率在浸润深度≥1/2肌层的子宫内膜样腺癌明显高于浸润深度<1/2肌层者(P<0.05)。FAS的表达与年龄及组织学分级无显著差异性(P>0.05)。在子宫内膜样腺癌中FAS的表达与ER有关(P<0.05)结论本研究提示FAS的表达可能与子宫内膜样腺癌的发生、发展有关。FAS可以作为提示子宫内膜样腺癌预后的一个新的参考指标。部分ER阳性的子宫内膜样腺癌的发生、发展可能与FA...     

人滋养细胞表面抗原（Trop-2）在病变子宫内膜中表达的研究

摘要 目的：探讨人滋养细胞表面抗原（trophoblast cell-surface antigens2,Trop-2）在病变子宫内膜中的表达及其临床相关性。方法：采用免疫组化法检测100例正常子宫内膜或病变子宫内膜组织中Trop-2蛋白的表达,其中单纯增生子宫内膜患者26例,复杂或不典型增生子宫内膜患者34例,子宫内膜腺癌患者20例,对照组为20例增生期子宫内膜患者。结果：免疫组织化学法研究结果显示,Trop-2蛋白在正常增生子宫内膜和单纯性增生子宫内膜中几乎不表达,在复杂或不典型增生子宫内膜组织中以及子宫内膜腺癌呈阳性表达。主要分布在细胞膜上,阳性率分别为35.29 %和65.00 %,经过对比子宫内膜癌组的阳性表达率显著高于复杂型或伴不典型增生子宫内膜组的阳性表达率（P<0.05）,且复杂型或伴不典型增生子宫内膜组的阳性表达率显著高于单纯性增生子宫内膜组（P<0.05）,其表达水平随内膜病变程度的加重而升高,呈正相关关系（P＜0.05）。结论：Trop-2蛋白在子宫内膜病变中的表达与其严重程度一致,可反映子宫内膜病变的发生发展,或可作为判断其严重程度的指标。     

WISP2和Slug蛋白在Ⅰ型子宫内膜样腺癌组织中的表达与E-cadherin的关系

目的探讨Ⅰ型子宫内膜样腺癌组织中WISP2、Slug、E-cadherin的表达与临床参数的关系及WISP2、Slug表达与E-cadherin的关系。方法应用免疫组织化学方法检测85例Ⅰ型子宫内膜样腺癌、30例正常子宫内膜及38例复杂性增生的WISP2、Slug及E-cadherin蛋白的表达。结果Ⅰ型子宫内膜样腺癌WISP2、Slug与E-cadherin的表达率分别为35.29%、45.88%及20.00%,与正常内膜(93.33%、10.00%、93.33%)和不典型增生内膜组织(31.58%、26.32%、52.63%)相比,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.01)。Ⅰ型子宫内膜样腺癌高临床分期、高组织学分级、肿瘤肌层浸润深度1/2及淋巴结转移的患者中,WISP2表达明显下调(P0.05)。在高临床分期及淋巴结转移患者中,Slug阳性表达明显上调(P0.05)。在年龄大于50岁及肌层侵犯深度大于1/2的患者,E-cadherin阳性表达明显下调(P0.05)。Spearman相关性分析发现,在Ⅰ型子宫内膜样腺癌组织中WISP2和Slug的表达呈明显负相关(r=-0.270,P=0.012),Slug与E-cadherin的表达存在负相关关系(r=-0.224,P=0.039)。结论 WISP2的失表达可能通过上调Slug的表达从而抑制E-cadherin的表达,在Ⅰ型子宫内膜样腺癌发生、侵袭和转移中发挥重要作用。     

GDF-15在子宫内膜样腺癌中的表达及意义

目的通过检测生长分化因子15(growth differentiation factor-15,GDF-15)蛋白在正常子宫内膜组织和子宫内膜样腺癌组织中的表达,探讨其在子宫内膜样腺癌中的临床意义。方法运用组织芯片技术和免疫组织化学法检测30例正常子宫内膜组织和52例子宫内膜样腺癌组织中GDF-15表达情况,采取多种统计学方法对数据进行详细分析比较。结果GDF-15在子宫正常内膜组织和内膜样腺癌中的阳性表达率分别是6.7%(2/30)和69.2%(36/52),差异具有统计学意义(χ2=29.947,P=0.000);GDF-15在子宫内膜样腺癌组织浸润深度达≥1/2肌层组中阳性率是90.0%(18/20),明显高于浸润深度1/2肌层组的阳性表达率56.3%(18/32,χ2=6.581,P=0.010);GDF-15在FIGO分期Ⅲ以上癌组织阳性表达率为100%(11/11),显著高于在Ⅰ-Ⅱ期癌组织中阳性表达率61.0%(25/41,χ2=6.201,P=0.013);GDF-15在出现淋巴结转移的阳性表达率为89.5%(17/19),显著高于无淋巴结转移的阳性表达率57.6%(19/33,χ2=5.759,P=0.016);,年龄、月经状态、肿瘤最大直径、病理学分级均与GDF-15表达无关(全部P0.05)。结论 GDF-15表达上调促进子宫内膜样腺癌发展,检测其表达对子宫内膜样腺癌患者的发展及预后的判断有重要参考价值。     

CD44v6和MMP-2 在子宫内膜异位症组织中的表达及相关性

目的:探讨粘附分子CD44拼构变异体6(CD44v6)和基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)在子宫内膜异位症(EMs)组织中的表达及相关性。方法:选取40例异位内膜组织标本、40例在位内膜组织标本及40例正常子宫内膜标本,用免疫组织化学方法检测CD44v6和MMP-2的表达,并分析其相关性。结果:CD44v6在异位内膜组的表达明显高于在位内膜组和对照组,且对照组明显高于在位内膜组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);CD44v6在在位内膜组和对照组中分泌期的表达明显高于同组增生期,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。MMP-2在异位内膜组和在位内膜组的表达明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01);MMP-2在各组增生期和分泌期表达不规律。异位内膜组中,CD44v6和MMP-2在Ⅲ-Ⅳ期的表达明显高于Ⅰ-Ⅱ期,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。Spearman相关性分析结果显示:EMs组织中CD44v6和MMP-2之间呈现正相关性(r=0.724,P0.05);EMs不同分期组织中CD44v6和MMP-2之间亦呈现正相关性(r=0.623,P0.05)。结论:CD44v6和MMP-2在EMs异位内膜中高表达,且有正协同作用,二者可能与EMs的发生发展有关。     

HMGB1、NF-κBp65、MMP2在子宫内膜腺癌组织中的表达及相关性研究

目的探讨高迁移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1)、核因子-κBp65(NF-κBp65)和基质金属蛋白酶2(MMP2)在子宫内膜腺癌的表达及三者在子宫内膜腺癌的相关性。方法收集本地医院妇科手术的子宫内膜组织存档蜡块126个,其中子宫内膜癌66例,不典型增生性子宫内膜36例,同期其他原因进行诊断性刮宫获得正常增生期子宫内膜24例,采用免疫组化法检测子宫内膜癌,不典型增生性子宫内膜和正常增生期子宫内膜的组织标本中HMGB1、NF-κBp65和MMP2的表达并分析其相关性。结果HMGB1蛋白和NF-κBp65均在子宫内膜细胞的胞核和胞浆中有表达,HMGB1在肿瘤样本、增生样本和正常样本中阳性表达率分别为78.79%、55.56%和25.00%,P0.05;NF-κBp65在肿瘤样本、增生样本和正常样本阳性表达率分别63.64%,38.89%和0.00%,P0.05;MMP2主要在细胞胞浆中表达,MMP2在肿瘤样本、增生样本和正常样本阳性表达率分别71.21%、50.00%和8.33%,P0.05。此外,HMGB1在子宫内膜癌的表达与NF-κBp65的表达呈正相关(r=0.67,P0.05),且HMGB1、NF-κBp65的表达均与MMP2的表达呈正相关(r=0.41,r=0.36,P0.05)。结论 HMGB1、NF-κBp65和MMP2在子宫内膜癌组织高表达,且两两表达成正相关,HMGB1、NF-κBp65和MMP2在子宫内膜癌的发生、发展中起促进作用。     

TFF2、ERa和ERβ在子宫内膜癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的:研究三叶因子2(Trefoil factors2,TFF2)及雌激素受体ERa,ERβ在子宫内膜癌、子宫内膜不不典型增生及正常子宫内膜组织中的表达并探讨其临床意义。方法:应用免疫组化法对14例正常子宫内膜组织、22例子宫内膜不典型增生及82例子宫内膜癌病例中TFF2,ERa和ERβ的蛋白表达进行检测,观察在不同子宫内膜组织中TFF2,ERa和ERβ蛋白的表达情况。结果:TFF2在正常子宫内膜中的阳性表达率为85.7%(12/14),在不典型增生组织中的阳性表达率72.7%(16/22),在子宫内膜癌中的阳性表达率为57.3%(47/82),TFF2蛋白表达强度在正常、不典型增生和内膜癌组间比较有统计学差异(P<0.05)。TFF2蛋白表达与肿瘤的分化程度,肿瘤的分期和淋巴结转移有关(P<0.05),与浸润程度无关。ERa在正常子宫内膜中的阳性表达率为92.8%(13/14),在不典型增生组织中的阳性表达率为86.4%(19/22),在子宫内膜癌中的阳性表达率为53.7%(44/82),ERa蛋白表达强度在正常,不典型增生和内膜癌组间比较有统计学差异(P<0.05),ERa蛋白表达与肿瘤的分化程度和浸润程度有关(P<0.05),与肿瘤的分期和淋巴结转移无关。ERβ在14例正常子宫内膜组织中ERβ蛋白阳性表达率为78.6%(11/14),在子宫内膜不典型增生中的蛋白阳性表达率为72.7%(16/22),在82例子宫内膜癌组织中ERβ蛋白阳性表达率为48.8%(40/82),ERβ蛋白表达强度在正常、不典型增生和内膜癌组间比较有统计学差异(P<0.05),ERβ蛋白的表达与肿瘤的分化程度、浸润程度有关,与肿瘤的分期和淋巴结转移无关。结论:TFF2、ERa和ERβ在正常子宫内膜、子宫内膜不典型增生、子宫内膜癌中的表达逐渐降低,为进一步研究在子宫内膜癌诊治中的作用提供依据。     

基质金属蛋白酶-2 在子宫内膜异位症中的表达及应用价值

目的:探讨粘附分子CD44拼构变异体6(CD44v6)和基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)在子宫内膜异位症(EMs)组织中的表达及相关性。方法:选取20例异位内膜组织标本、20例在位内膜组织标本及20例正常子宫内膜标本,用病理常规免疫组织化学方法检测MMP-2和CD44v6的表达,并分析其相关性。结果:CD44v6在异位内膜组的表达明显高于在位内膜组和对照组,且对照组明显高于在位内膜组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);CD44v6在在位内膜组和对照组中分泌期的表达明显高于同组增生期,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。MMP-2在异位内膜组和在位内膜组的表达明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01);MMP-2在各组增生期和分泌期表达不规律。异位内膜组中,CD44v6和MMP-2在Ⅲ-Ⅳ期的表达明显高于Ⅰ-Ⅱ期,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。Spearman相关性分析结果显示:EMs组织中MMP-2和CD44v6之间呈现正相关性(r=0.724,P0.05);EMs不同分期组织中MMP-2和CD44v6之间亦呈现正相关性(r=0.623,P0.05)。结论:MMP-2和CD44v6在EMs异位内膜中高表达,且有正协同作用,二者可能与EMs的发生发展有关。     

子宫内膜癌C-erbB-2和TTF-1的表达及其与预后的关系

目的:探讨子宫内膜癌组织中C-erbB-2和TTF-1的表达及其与患者临床预后的关系。方法:应用免疫组化S-P法检测正常子宫内膜组织、子宫内膜不典型增生组织、子宫内膜癌组织中C-erbB-2与TTF-1的表达,并分析二者与子宫内膜癌临床病理特征及患者临床预后的关系。结果:子宫内膜癌组织、子宫内膜不典型增生组织、正常子宫内膜组织中C-erbB-2的阳性表达率分别为56.65%、36.67%、16.67%(P0.05),TTF-1的的阳性表达率分别为33.75%、53.33%、70.00%(P0.05)。C-erbB-2的阳性表达与子宫内膜癌的临床病理分期、组织分化、肌层浸润及有无淋巴结转移呈显著正相关(P0.05),与其病理类型无显著相关性(P0.05)。TTF-1的阳性表达与子宫内膜癌的病理分期、组织分化、肌层浸润深度负相关(P0.05),但与有无淋巴结转移及病理类型均无显著相关性(P0.05)。C-erbB-2和TTF-1在子宫内膜癌组织中表达无明显相关性(P=0.303)。子宫内膜癌中C-erbB-2阳性表达者五年生存率(80.90%)显著低于C-erbB-2阴性表达者(93.80%)(P0.05),TTF-1阳性表达者五年生存率(87.70%)略高于TTF-1阴性表达者(85.70%),但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:子宫内膜癌组织中C-erbB-2的表达显著上调,而TTF-1的表达明显下调,二者表达异常均参与了子宫内膜癌的发生和发展,且C-erbB-2的表达上调与子宫内膜癌患者的不良预后相关。     

凋亡抑制蛋白Survivin在增生性子宫内膜及子宫内膜癌中的表达

目的　研究凋亡抑制蛋白Survivin在正常子宫内膜、增生性子宫内膜及子宫内膜癌中的表达 ,探讨Survivin蛋白在子宫内膜癌发生发展中的作用及其作为预后判断因子的可行性。方法　应用免疫组织化学S P法 ,检测 15例正常子宫内膜、 2 6例增生性子宫内膜及 33例子宫内膜腺癌中Survivin蛋白的表达 ,并结合临床病理特点进行分析。结果　Sur vivin蛋白的阳性表达率在正常子宫内膜 ,增生性子宫内膜及子宫内膜癌中呈上升趋势。正常子宫内膜仅在增生期有微弱的表达 ,而分泌期及绝经期子宫内膜表达全为阴性 ;而Survivin在子宫内膜癌中及不典型增生中的阳性表达率分别为87 88%和 70 0 % ,均明显高于正常内膜 (P <0 0 5 ) ,且两者的过表达率均高于单纯和复合型增生及正常内膜 (P <0 0 5 ) ,但子宫内膜癌中与不典型增生中的Survivin表达率及过表达率均无明显差异。子宫内膜癌中Survivin的表达强度与组织学分级及手术病理分期明显相关 (P <0 0 5 ) ,但与肌层浸润无关。结论　Survivin作为凋亡相关因子和细胞周期调节因子 ,可能参与了与子宫内膜癌的发生发展 ,其过度表达与预后不良相关 ,其检测可为子宫内膜癌的早期诊断、辅助治疗及预后判断提供理论依据。     

Synthesis and physicochemical properties of 2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluoro-beta-D-ribofuranosyl and 2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluoro-alpha-D-ribofuranosyl oligonucleotides

We present procedures for nucleoside and oligonucleotide synthesis, binding affinity (Tm) and structural analysis (CD spectra) of 2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluoro-alpha-D-ribofuranosyl and 2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluoro-beta-D-ribofuranosyl oligothymidylates. Possible reasons for the thermal instability of duplexes formed between these compounds and RNA or DNA targets are discussed.     

Synthesis and properties of 2'-O-methyl-2-thiouridine and oligoribonucleotides containing 2'-O-methyl-2-thiouridine

A new method for the synthesis of 2'-O-methyl-2-thiouridine (s2Um) found in thermophilic bacterial tRNA was developed. Structural properties of s2Um and s2Um(p)U were studied by using 1H NMR spectroscopy. A modified nonaribonucleotide (RNA*: 5'-CGUUs2UmUUGC-3') was synthesized to study the base-recognition ability of s2Um in formation of RNA-RNA and RNA DNA duplexes. The UV melting experiments revealed that RNA*-RNA and RNA*-DNA duplexes having an s2U-A base pair are more stable than those having a U-A base pair. On the contrary, the thermal stability of RNA*-RNA and RNA*-DNA duplexes having an s2U-G wobble base pair was much lower than that of the unmodified duplexes having a natural U-G base pair. It is concluded that s2Um has higher selectivity toward A over G than unmodified U.     

Stereospecific 2'-amination and 2'-chlorination of adenosine by Actinomadura in the biosynthesis of 2'-amino-2'-deoxyadenosine and 2'-chloro-2'-deoxycoformycin

2'-Amino-2'-deoxyadenosine and 2'-chloro-2'-deoxycoformycin (2'-CldCF) are two nucleoside antibiotics produced by Actinomadura. The biosynthesis of these two nucleoside antibiotics has been studied by the addition of [U-14C]adenosine with or without unlabeled adenine to cultures of Actinomadura. By this experimental approach, it is possible to demonstrate that adenosine is the direct precursor for the biosynthesis of 2'-amino-2'-deoxyadenosine and 2'-CldCF. These conclusions are based on the observation that the percentage distribution of 14C in the aglyconic and pentofuranosyl moieties of 2'-amino-2'-deoxyadenosine and 2'-CldCF were similar to the distribution of 14C in the adenine and ribosyl moieties of the [U-14C]adenosine (i.e., 48:52) added to cultures of Actinomadura. Experimentally, the percentage distribution of 14C in the (i) adenine:2-amino-2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose of 2'-amino-2'-deoxyadenosine is 51:49; (ii) 8-(R)-3,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d]-[1,3-diazepin-8-o1]:2 -chloro-2- beta-D-ribofuranose of 2'-CldCF is 45:55; and (iii) adenine:ribose of the adenosine isolated from the RNA of Actinomadura is 42:58. Further proof that adenosine is the direct precursor for the biosynthesis 2'-amino-2'-deoxyadenosine and 2'-CldCF was demonstrated by the addition of 75 mumol of unlabeled adenine together with [U-14C]adenosine to nucleoside-producing cultures of Actinomadura. The percentage distribution of 14C in the aglycon and the sugar moieties of 2'-amino-2'-deoxyadenosine and 2'-CldCF were 46:54 and 47:53, respectively; the percentage distribution of 14C in the adenine and ribose moieties of the adenosine isolated from the RNA of Actinomadura was 51:49. These data show that the hydroxyl on C-2' of the ribosyl moiety of adenosine undergoes a replacement by a 2'-amino or a 2'-chloro group to form 2'-amino-2'-deoxyadenosine or 2'-CldCF with retention of stereconfiguration at C-2'. Finally, Actinomadura can utilize inorganic chloride from the medium as demonstrated by the isolation of [36Cl]2'-CldCF following the addition of [36Cl]chloride to the culture medium. Mechanisms for the regioselective modification of the C-2' hydroxyl group and stereospecific insertion of the amino and chloro groups are discussed.     

Stereoselective Synthesis of 2-Amino-2-deoxy-d-arabinose and 2-Deoxy-d-ribose

An efficient method for the stereoselective synthesis of 2-amino-2-deoxy-d-arabinose and 2-deoxy-d-ribose is described.

The key step in this method was accomplished by the nucleophilic addition of methyl isocyanoacetate to 2,3-O-isopropylidene-d-glyceraldehyde with high erythro-selectivity (nearly 100%).

Subsequent intermolecular cyclization predominantly gave the desired oxazoline derivative (trans-form), in which two new chiral centers were formed. The oxazoline derivative was efficiently converted to both 2-amino-2-deoxy-d-arabinose and 2-deoxy-d-ribose.     

Parasiticidal 2-alkoxy- and 2-aryloxyiminoalkyl trifluoromethanesulfonanilides

A series of novel 2-alkoxy- and 2-aryloxyiminoalkyl trifluoromethanesulfonanilide derivatives have shown significant in vitro parasiticidal activity against the ectoparasites Ctenocephalides felis and Rhipicephalus sanguineus. A number of these compounds also displayed significant in vitro endoparasite activity against the nematode Haemonchus contortus.