氨基甲酸酯杀虫剂灭蚜威及其与阿维菌素的混配制剂对美洲斑潜蝇的防治效果

田间试验表明 ,氨基甲酸酯新杀虫剂灭蚜威单剂与生物农药阿维菌素混剂对美洲斑潜蝇Liro myzasativae防治效果优良。 5 0 %灭蚜威可湿粉使用剂量 2 5g(a .i.) 667m2 的 3～ 1 1d校正防效为85 2 8%～ 86 3 9% ,1 8 75g(a.i.) 667m2 相应药效为 83 0 1 %～ 84 0 4%。 3种不同配比的灭蚜威与阿维菌素混剂使用剂量 1 0g(a .i.) 667m2 ,药后 3～ 1 1d防效为 85 90 %～ 90 3 3 % ,7 5g(a .i.) 667m2 相应药效为 83 48%～ 88 5 2 %。     

重庆市2代稻纵卷叶螟发生警报

《中国植保资讯网》　今年重庆市 1代稻纵卷叶螟迁入偏早 ,迁入虫量较大 ,田间虫量偏高。 5月中旬 ,渝东南部的秀山县稻纵卷叶螟大量迁入 ,其成虫量数倍于大发生年的虫量。 6月上旬秀山、涪陵的每 667m2 幼虫量为去年同期的 45 8～ 5 0倍 ,东南部、南部、东北部及中部卷叶率为 0 5 2 %～ 1 3 7% ,最高卷叶率达到了 63 5 %。据渝东南部及南部区县调查 ,目前 2代稻纵卷叶螟已进入或正进入盛蛾期。綦江县田间赶蛾 2 0 0 3年 6月 2 0日达到高峰 ,田间每 667m2 蛾量在 2 5 0 0～ 2 95 0 0头之间 ,平均 95 0 0头 ,是 2 0 0 2年同期蛾量的 3 1…     

氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂灭蚜威对麦蚜的防治效果

田间试验表明 :氨基甲酸酯新杀虫剂灭蚜威是一种对麦蚜杀虫活性高的杀虫剂 ,2 5 %灭蚜威EC使用剂量 9 375～ 1 2 5g (a .i.) 667m2 ,药后 3～ 1 0d校正防效山东河南两地分别为 87 64%～ 98 38%和 89 95 %～ 97 66% ,6 2 5g (a .i.) 667m2 药后 7～ 1 0d防效分别为 87 68%～ 92 0 2 %和 88 91 %～94 4 6% ;5 0 %灭蚜威WP使用剂量 1 8 75～ 2 5g (a.i.) 667m2 ,药后 3～ 1 0d防效两地分别为 89 1 7%～99 4 5 %和 93 60 %～ 99 2 3% ,1 2 5g (a.i.) 667m2 药后 7～ 1 0d防效分别为 90 60 %～ 93 5 9%和 92 37%～ 93 5 0 %。     

杀虫威对棉铃虫、烟青虫、菜青虫的防治效果

田间试验表明 ,新氨基甲酸酯杀虫剂杀虫威对鳞翅目害虫棉铃虫、菜青虫、烟青虫防治效果优良。杀虫威 2 0 %EC在河南防治 2代棉铃虫使用剂量 1 0g (a.i.) 667m2 药后 2～ 7d ,校正防效为90 65 %～ 97 72 % ,在山东药后 3～ 5d ,防效为 85 1 7%～ 91 2 3 % ,7 5g (a .i.) 667m2 相应药效两地分别为 88 41 %～ 95 2 7%和 81 40 %～ 85 61 % ;防治 3代棉铃虫使用剂量 2 0g (a.i.) 667m2 药后 2～ 5d ,防效两地分别为 83 93 %～ 86 1 5 %和 85 5 3 %～ 88 2 9% ,1 5g (a .i.) 667m2 相应药效分别为 77 66%～80 2 3 %和 78 5 0 %～ 83 75 %。防治烟青虫使用剂量 1 0g (a.i.) 667m2 药后 3～ 7d校正防效为 85 5 7%～ 88 2 9% ,7 5g (a .i.) 667m2 相应药效为 81 5 1 %～ 86 1 1 %。防治菜青虫使用剂量 7 5～ 1 0g (a .i.) 667m2 药后 3～ 7d防效为 87 5 0 %～ 96 1 1 %。     

甲氰菊酯与阿维菌素的混剂防治美洲斑潜蝇田间试验

田间试验表明 ,1 9%甲氰·阿维EC 9 5g (a .i.) 667m2 对美洲斑潜蝇LiriomyzasativaeBlanchard的校正防效药后 3～ 1 1d为 87 2 2 %～ 91 3 2 % ;7 1 2 5g (a.i.) 667m2 药后 3～ 1 1d为 81 2 9%～ 85 1 0 % ;9 5g (a .i.) 667m2 药后 3～ 1 1d防效显著优于单剂甲氰菊酯 ,药后 3～ 7d显著优于单剂阿维菌素 ,药后11d防效与阿维菌素无显著区别。 1 5 %甲氰·阿维EC 7 5g (a .i.) 667m2 对美洲斑潜蝇的校正防效药后3～ 1 1d为 85 5 9%～ 89 0 9% ;5 62 5g (a .i.) 667m2 药后 3～ 1 1d为 77 1 5 %～ 85 95 %。 1 0 %甲氰·阿维EC 7 5g (a .i.) 667m2 对美洲斑潜蝇的校正防效药后 3～ 1 1d为 85 5 9%～ 89 0 9% ;5 62 5g (a .i.) 667m2 药后 3～ 1 1d为 77 1 5 %～ 85 95 %。混剂的药效基本随有效成分含量的提高而提高。     

稻瘿蚊灯下虫量变化动态观察

对1993-2005年稻瘿蚊灯下虫量动态进行分析。结果表明:灯下稻瘿蚊诱集虫量与田间稻瘿蚊虫害的发生程度存在较高的关联性,可利用诱集虫量来预测预报稻瘿蚊的发生;灯下稻瘿蚊每年始见期不定,出现在第1代期的频率为38.46%,出现在第2代期的频率为13.33%,6月底至7月初的第3代期是主要的始见期,其频率为48.21%;第1、2代稻瘿蚊灯下诱集虫量通常极少,从第3代开始,灯下稻瘿蚊诱集虫量迅速增加,测报灯下稻瘿蚊诱集虫量以第3、4、5代居多,这与田间稻瘿蚊以第3、4、5代为主害代的实际危害情况相符合。     

强大小蠹植物源引诱剂林间应用技术

20 0 1～ 2 0 0 2年在山西省榆次区庆城林场对自行研制生产的强大小蠹DendroctomusvalensLeConte植物引诱剂诱芯和诱捕器在林间的应用技术进行了研究 ,并在山西省的 1 3个县、林场悬挂 2 0 0 0个诱捕器开展了强大小蠹发生期监测和大面积诱杀防治推广试验工作。结果显示 ,该诱捕技术对强大小蠹成虫有较好的诱捕效果 ,2 0 0 0个诱捕器在成虫羽化期 61d共诱到大小蠹成虫近 2 0万头 ,可明显降低当代成虫虫口密度。试验表明 ,诱虫数量随林地虫口密度增加而增大 ,诱捕器设置高度对诱虫量有一定影响 ,以悬挂在主干下端距地面 5～ 1 0cm处效果最好。诱捕器之间水平距离建议间隔 1 0 0m为好。     

云南弥渡县番茄潜叶蛾的发生情况及田间防治效果

外来入侵性害虫番茄潜叶蛾Tuta absoluta(Meyrick)于2018年3月26日在云南弥渡县被发现,为明确其发生为害情况,筛选出有效的防治药剂,阻止该虫的发生和蔓延,本研究采用性诱剂进行田间调查分析了番茄潜叶蛾的发生情况,通过田间药效试验比较噻虫嗪、噻虫胺、虫螨腈、苏云菌杆菌、乙基多杀菌素、阿维·氯虫苯甲酰胺、噻虫·高氯氟和阿维·灭蝇胺对番茄潜叶蛾的防治效果.调查结果表明该虫在番茄种植区域均有发生,大棚番茄地发生尤其严重,为害株达100％,百叶幼虫量55.00～101.67头/百叶,周诱蛾量4.70～61.20头/板,果子的为害率达19.33％,最高达40％.田间药效的结果表明:33％阿维·灭蝇胺SC防效较好,药后3 d防效达74.30％,其次30％虫螨腈SC、6％阿维·氯虫苯甲酰胺SC和6％乙基多杀菌素SC药后3 d防效64.25％、67.98％、54.85％,药后5 d防效79.08％、79.00％、73.45％,药后7 d防效81.60％、80.45％、65.70％.结果表明番茄潜叶蛾在弥渡县大棚发生为害较为严重,性诱剂对成虫有良好的诱集效果,虫螨腈、阿维·氯虫苯甲酰胺、乙基多杀菌素和阿维·灭蝇胺可作为幼虫的防治药剂.     

有机磷类杀虫剂对美洲斑潜蝇的防治效果

在山东青州以西葫芦为试验害虫寄主 ,测定了毒死蜱、三唑磷、乙酰甲胺磷、辛硫磷、马拉硫磷对美洲斑潜蝇幼虫LiriomyzasativaeBlanchard的田间防效。毒死蜱 (2 4g (a .i.) 667m2 )、三唑磷 (1 0g (a.i.) 667m2 )、乙酰甲胺磷 (2 0g (a .i.) 667m2 )第 3～ 7d校正防效为 97 0 9%～ 97 1 4% ,86 80 %～87 0 4% ,85 99%～ 86 2 5 %。此 6个处理药效顺序为毒死蜱 >三唑磷 >乙酰甲胺磷 (2 0g(a.i.) 667m2 )>乙酰甲胺磷 (1 5g(a.i.) 667m2 ) >辛硫磷 >马拉硫磷。在河南洛阳以甘蓝为试验害虫寄主 ,乙酰甲胺磷 (1 5g(a.i.) 667m2 )、敌敌畏 (2 5g(a.i.) 667m2 )、敌百虫 (4 5g(a .i.) 667m2 )对美洲斑潜蝇幼虫第 7d校正防效分别为 76 98% ,82 42 % ,71 1 1 %。毒死蜱对在不同寄主上美洲斑潜蝇的防效均较好     

豆天蛾田间饲养量及效益研究

通过对豆天蛾在田间笼罩条件下的饲养调查观察 ,测定出其幼虫食叶量、食叶率 ,从而计算出每平方米豆田的理论养虫量 ,实际适宜养虫量及对大豆产量损失的影响。笼罩条件养虫量 (x)与食叶率(y1)回归方程 :^y1=2 2 0 + 2 4 1x± 2 874 9,r1=0 9971 ;笼罩条件养虫量 (x)与产量损失率 (y2 )回归方程 :^y2 =1 5 7+ 0 4 2 5x± 0 6 837,r2 =0 994 6 ;笼罩条件养虫量 (x)与结荚损失率 (y3 )回归方程 :^y3 =1 5 7+ 0 33x± 1 785 4 ,r3 =0 94 6 8 。在幼虫饲养量为 1 0～ 1 5头 m2 时 ,综合效益比一般豆田每 6 6 7m2增收 4 73 6元以上。     

双波4号诱虫灯在棉铃虫测报和防治上的应用效果

棉铃虫蛾在双波４号灯下的峰次明显,蛾峰与田间卵峰吻合度好,反映虫情实际;而黑光灯有的代次不出现蛾峰,有时出现蛾峰,却滞后于卵峰。在南方棉区发生的３～５代,经９５～９６年统计灯区百株累计卵量比无灯区平均下降７９．０８％,距灯１００ｍ范围内平均下降８８．２８％,１５０ｍ范围内平均下降７５．４５％。     

北京郊区苹果小卷蛾成虫发生规律研究

苹果小卷蛾AdoxophyesoranaFischervonR slerstamm为北京郊区大桃生产中的主要害虫 ,试验采用黑光灯诱杀、糖醋盆诱集 2种方法在不同生态环境果园对其成虫发生期进行了观测。结果显示苹果小卷蛾在北京地区 1年发生 3代 ;越冬代成虫羽化高峰为 5月底至 6月初 ,第 1代幼虫防治适期为 6月1 0～ 1 5日 ;第 1代成虫羽化高峰为 7月中旬 ,第 2代幼虫防治适期为 7月下旬。     

Physical Factors Influencing Orientation of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tyrophagus putrescentiae</Emphasis> (Schrank) (Sarcoptiformes: Acaridae) to Food-Baited Traps

Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) (Sarcoptiformes: Acaridae) is a serious pest of post-harvest durable stored food products for which traps are being developed as important tools for integrated pest management. This work addresses the effects of trap design, trap location, time of response, and light on the orientation of released groups of 7200 pedestrian T. putrescentiae to food-baited traps in experimental rooms maintained in full darkness at 28 °C and 70% RH. A standard trap made from a disposable Petri dish and four commercially produced stored-product pest traps of different designs were compared and evaluated for efficacy in trapping mites. Subsequent experiments evaluated the effect of trap placement, trapping duration, and light on mite capture. More mites were captured in the standard Petri dish trap when compared singly or side by side with four different commercial trap designs, so the standard trap was used in all other studies. Further experiments found that mites could be trapped 1 h after release at a distance of 2 m from the release point and at six meters from a mite source within 24 h. A greater number of mites were caught in traps placed along a wall than those away from a wall, demonstrating thigmotaxis to an edge. Traps at various heights on a shelf rack suggested that walking mites tended to be positively geotactic whether the source of mites was from the floor or from the top shelf at 1.8 m from the floor. More mites were caught in black-painted traps than in unpainted clear plastic traps in fully lighted rooms, suggesting that mites seek refuge from brightly lighted conditions. Light emitting diodes deployed with traps or assayed alone determined mites oriented positively to traps with violet or ultraviolet, with least preference to green, yellow, red and white lights. This research provides new information on orientation by T. putrescentiae that may help optimize trap designs and trap deployment for pest management decisions.     

Potential of mass trapping for long-term pest management and eradication of invasive species

Semiochemical-based pest management programs comprise three major approaches that are being used to provide environmentally friendly control methods of insect pests: mass trapping, "lure and kill," and mating disruption. In this article, we review the potential of mass trapping in long-term pest management as well as in the eradication of invasive species. We discuss similarities and differences between mass trapping and other two main approaches of semiochemical-based pest management programs. We highlight several study cases where mass trapping has been used either in long-term pest management [e.g., codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.); pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders); bark beetles, palm weevils, corn rootworms (Diabrotica spp.); and fruit flies] or in eradication of invasive species [e.g., gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.); and boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman). We list the critical issues that affect the efficacy of mass trapping and compare these with previously published models developed to investigate mass trapping efficacy in pest control. We conclude that mass trapping has good potential to suppress or eradicate low-density, isolated pest populations; however, its full potential in pest management has not been adequately realized and therefore encourages further research and development of this technology.     

不同性诱剂诱芯对小菜蛾引诱效果研究

小菜蛾Plutella xylostella(L.)是我国为害最严重的蔬菜害虫之一,为提高检测和诱捕效率,2009年在广东广州、云南通海和浙江上虞3个试验点测试了5种性诱剂诱芯对小菜蛾的引诱效果,实验结果表明,广东省昆虫研究所研发的性诱剂诱芯在广东试点对小菜蛾诱捕效果最好,持效期在1个月以上,日平均诱蛾量21.3头/盆,是荷兰Koppert公司诱芯的5.3倍,适合应用于广东菜区小菜蛾田间种群的预测预报和综合控制;北京中捷四方商贸有限公司提供的性诱剂诱芯比较适合云南试点的应用,日平均诱蛾量13.6头/盆;中国科学院动物研究所研发的小菜蛾性诱剂诱芯对浙江试点小菜蛾日平均诱捕量13.6头/盆,效果最佳,适合浙江地区小菜蛾田间种群动态的预测预报及综合防控。     

锈赤扁谷盗成虫趋光行为研究

【目的】研究灯光诱捕技术防治锈赤扁谷盗Cryptolestes ferrugineus(Stephens)的可行性。【方法】在实验室条件下测定了锈赤扁谷盗成虫对不同光源的趋光反应。【结果】锈赤扁谷盗成虫对实验所选取的光源都有一定的趋性。在可见光中,对主波长为575 nm的光源的趋性最强,对430、495、620、530和450 nm光源的趋性依次降低。在紫外光中,对主波长为385 nm的光源的趋性显著高于对主波长为365、375和395 nm的光源;1~10日龄的锈赤扁谷盗成虫,随日龄的增加,成虫趋光性先增强后有所减弱;雌虫的趋光性高于雄虫,且交配状态会影响雌虫和雄虫的趋光性。交配会抑制雄虫的趋光性,但是交配后的雌虫的趋光性增强;短期饥饿处理和灯光经历对害虫趋光性无显著影响。【结论】锈赤扁谷盗成虫对光波长的选择偏好性证实了其灯光诱捕技术的可行性。     

沙柳木蠹蛾的研究

沙柳木蠹蛾Holcocerus arenicola(Staudinger)是沙柳根部一种钻蛀性害虫.亦为害踏郎、酸刺、毛乌柳、柠条等.国内分布于内蒙、新疆、宁夏、陕西、甘肃等省(区). 该虫四年1代, 以幼虫在寄主蛀道内越冬.老熟幼虫5月上旬入沙化蛹;成虫6月初开始羽化, 中旬达盛期;7月上旬幼虫初孵, 取食、为害至10月下旬越冬.成虫白天静伏于沙柳丛, 傍晚8时半至10时半活动、交配、产卵, 趋光性强.雌蛾对雄蛾性诱力较强.成虫寿命2.9—4.1天, 产卵量平均265.4粒, 性比0.67—0.68:1.     

Pheromone mass trapping of bagworm moths,Metisa plana Walker (Lepidoptera: Psychidae), for its control in mature oil palms in Perak,Malaysia

The bagworm, Metisa plana Walker (Lepidoptera: Psychidae), is an important pest of oil palms in Malaysia. A serious infestation cause yield declines of 30–40% over 2 years after attack. Successful mass trapping depends on efficient removal of adults, which reduces the chances of mating, eventually causing a decline in the population. This study was conducted in three smallholder blocks where palm age varied from 6 to 16 years. Sticky vane traps were baited with four receptive females of M. plana and placed in three transects within each trapping plot. The percentage of female bags with eggs (i.e., those pupal bags housing the female with eggs that hatched) determined the effects of trapping on mating and reproduction success. Palm yield was compared between the trapping and control plots. The number of live larvae and the percentage of bags with eggs in the trapping plots were always relatively lower (9.1–28.2%) compared to the control plots (28.6–48.6%). Trapping plots had relatively higher bunch weight (7.8–14.3 kg) compared to the control plots (4.5–9.2 kg). The bunch weight in the trapping plots increased 22% after trapping compared to 15% in the control plot. Damage ratings on the fronds declined between 35–45% in the trapping blocks. Damage ratings declined between 20% and 27% in most control plots but increased 17% in one of the blocks with an increased bagworm population. There, mass trapping reduces the chances of bagworm mating and oviposition, which leads to lower populations and, therefore, lower frond damage and higher yields.     

Combining pheromone-baited and food-baited traps for insect pest control: Effects of additional control by parasitoids

Two age-structured population dynamic models are analyzed in which pheromone-baited trapping and food-baited trapping are used simultaneously to eradicate an insect pest. The pest species is assumed to be under partial control by a host-specific parasitoid species. The two models assume that density-dependent population regulation is accomplished either by host larval competition or by means of oviposition interference among the parasitoids. The two trap types interact in a positive synergistic manner and this combination appears to be very promising as a useful combination of pest control methods. Several features of the system are examined; the feature which appears to cause the greatest problem is the possibility of the parasitoids being attracted to the pheromone or the food traps. In either case, the degree of attraction does not have to be very great to undermine the control effort. It is seen that food trapping becomes indispensible if host pheromone is used by the parasitoids as a host-locating kairomone. If odor in the food traps is used by the parasitoids as kairomone, then the situation appears more optimistic, as the reduction in efficiency of the food traps appears much less than with the pheromone traps when pheromone acts as kairomone.     

褐顶毒蛾生物学特性及综合防治

褐顶毒蛾Lymantria apicebrunnea Gaede是红河自治州近年来发生的一种林木新害虫。在云南河口、屏边县1年发生1代,以卵越冬。以吡虫啉、病毒、高效氯氰菊酯混合粉剂为主,人工摘除卵块、病毒防治和灯光诱杀成虫相结合的综合防治技术。经大面积推广防治,基本控制了该虫危害,取得了较好防治效果。