湖北川桂叶精油的化学成分

川桂 ( Cinnamomum wilsonii Gamble)是中国特有植物 ,主产湖北、四川和湖南 ,在广西、广东、江西和陕西等省区也有分布 ,资源贮量相当丰富。由于其各部位器官均含有挥发油 ,具有比较浓烈的药香气味 ,我国民间历来习惯于利用川桂作为辛辣类佐料 ,烹调制作食品 ,或当作桂皮类中药材用以治疗疾病。因此 ,关于川桂挥发油 (精油 )的化学组成颇为引人关注。我们曾经研究报道过 ,湖北长阳和咸丰两县产川桂叶精油的主成分均为柠檬醛 ,其含量分别高达77.99%和 86.47% [1]。另据报道 ,四川产川桂叶精油的主要成分为芳樟醇 ( 2 4 .1 4% )和 1 ,8-桉叶…     

天然樟脑和芳樟醇的新资源植物

本文报道了湖北樟的分类位置、地理分布、生态环境及其叶油化学成分。其鲜叶出油率为1.7ml/100g,主要成分樟脑含量高达88.46%。湖北产芳樟和黄樟的鲜叶出油率均高达3.1ml/100g,主成分芳樟醇含量分別为89.59%和81.41%。     

樟属植物叶水浸提液对油樟悬浮细胞培养的影响北大核心CSCD

以油樟、大叶樟、香樟、天竺桂4种樟属植物叶水浸提液为诱导子,添加到油樟悬浮培养系中,研究诱导子对油樟悬浮培养细胞生长及挥发性物质积累的影响。结果表明,4种樟属植物叶水浸提液对油樟悬浮细胞生长无明显影响。不同樟属植物叶水浸提液对挥发性物质影响不同。对于总的挥发性物质的积累,有促进作用的是天竺桂与香樟叶浸提液,添加量分别是4%和1%时促进作用最强,其峰面积分别为空白对照组的1.78和1.45倍;对1,8-桉叶油素的积累,有促进作用的是天竺桂叶浸提液,添加量为1%时,促进作用最强,其峰面积为空白对照组的1.46倍;对于γ-松油烯的积累,4种叶浸提液均有促进作用,大叶樟、天竺桂和香樟水提液添加量1%时促进作用最强,其峰面积分别0.39、0.27和0.32 p A,油樟水提液添加量4%时促进作用最强,其峰面积为0.27 p A(对照中无);对于α-松油醇的积累,有促进作用的是天竺桂与香樟水提液,添加量为0.25%时促进作用最强,其峰面积分别为空白对照组的1.62和1.24倍。本研究在一定程度上揭示了油樟油成分积累相关促进因子情况,为进一步研究奠定基础。     

樟属植物叶水浸提液对油樟悬浮细胞培养的影响

以油樟、大叶樟、香樟、天竺桂4种樟属植物叶水浸提液为诱导子,添加到油樟悬浮培养系中,研究诱导子对油樟悬浮培养细胞生长及挥发性物质积累的影响。结果表明,4种樟属植物叶水浸提液对油樟悬浮细胞生长无明显影响。不同樟属植物叶水浸提液对挥发性物质影响不同。对于总的挥发性物质的积累,有促进作用的是天竺桂与香樟叶浸提液,添加量分别是4%和1%时促进作用最强,其峰面积分别为空白对照组的1.78和1.45倍;对1,8-桉叶油素的积累,有促进作用的是天竺桂叶浸提液,添加量为1%时,促进作用最强,其峰面积为空白对照组的1.46倍;对于γ-松油烯的积累,4种叶浸提液均有促进作用,大叶樟、天竺桂和香樟水提液添加量1%时促进作用最强,其峰面积分别0.39、0.27和0.32 p A,油樟水提液添加量4%时促进作用最强,其峰面积为0.27 p A(对照中无);对于α-松油醇的积累,有促进作用的是天竺桂与香樟水提液,添加量为0.25%时促进作用最强,其峰面积分别为空白对照组的1.62和1.24倍。本研究在一定程度上揭示了油樟油成分积累相关促进因子情况,为进一步研究奠定基础。     

鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林碳素积累和分配特征

研究了鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林 40 0多年林龄的锥栗 (Castanopsis chinensis)、黄果厚壳桂 (Crypto-carya concinna)和 50多年林龄的黄果厚壳桂、鼎湖钓樟 (Lindera chunii)两个群落碳素积累和分配特征。结果表明 ,两林分间植物碳素含量在不同器官和不同层中的分配格局均十分相似 ,总平均分别为 41 .980 %(锥栗、黄果厚壳桂群落 )和 40 .377% (黄果厚壳桂、鼎湖钓樟群落 )。锥栗、黄果厚壳桂群落生态系统碳总贮量为 2 4 4 .998t/ hm2 ,其中植被部分为 1 54.2 89t/ hm2 ,土壤为 89.1 2 8t/ hm2 ,地表凋落物层为 1 .581 t/ hm2。黄果厚壳桂、鼎湖钓樟群落植被碳总贮量为 84.1 51 t/ hm2。在两林分植被碳总贮量中 ,乔木层分别占了97.47% (锥栗、黄果厚壳桂群落 )和 98.0 4 % (黄果厚壳桂、鼎湖钓樟群落 ) ,而在乔木层碳总贮量中 ,干器官则分别占 47.93% (锥栗、黄果厚壳桂群落 )和 44.66% (黄果厚壳桂、鼎湖钓樟群落 )。锥栗、黄果厚壳桂群落植被碳年积累量为 3.1 4 9t/ (hm2· a) ,黄果厚壳桂、鼎湖钓樟群落植被碳年积累量则为 3.42 5 t/ (hm2· a)。     

樟科植物中脂肪酸成分的分布

本文报道了樟科11个属49种种子油和‘种果肉油的脂肪酸成分。其中樟族和木姜子族的各属种(滇新樟除外)种子油脂肪酸成分以 C_(10)、C_(12)和 C_(14)饱和或烯酸为主。而厚壳桂属、润楠和楠属种子油脂肪酸成分主要为棕榈酸、油酸和亚油酸。山苍子、天目木姜子、大果山胡椒、山橙、红脉钓樟、鸭公树和锈叶新木姜子种子油中的 C_(10)、C_(12)和 C_(14)烯酸经分离鉴定均是顺式Δ~4烯酸。     

芳香植物文摘

近十多年来,国外在研究与开发新的芳香植物资源方面有不少报道,现择几例供参考。(一)月桂茵芋(SKimmia laureola)[芸香科]幼嫩枝叶的精油含量为0.6~0.8%。精油主含乙酸芳樟酯(63%)和芳樟醇(18%),其理化性质、香气与法国橙叶油相近。此植物在印度已加以利用,用来代替进口的橙叶油。     

热带山地雨林木本豆科和樟科植物叶内生细菌群落:物种与功能群多样性及驱动因子

揭示热带木本豆科与樟科植物的叶内生细菌群落的物种与代谢功能群组成差异及其驱动因子有助于理解热带森林的植物适应性和生物多样性维持机制。本研究采用IlluminaMiseq测序平台检测海南尖峰岭热带山地雨林中豆科与樟科植物叶内生细菌,并采用FAPROTAX微生物地球化学循环代谢功能数据库注解内生细菌功能。从豆科植物的长脐红豆(Ormosia balansae)、软荚红豆(O. semicastrata)与樟科植物的厚壳桂(Cryptocarya chinensis)、硬壳桂(C. chingii)共4种植物检测到叶内生细菌可操作分类单元(operationaltaxonomicunits,OTUs)达1,123个,隶属于21门36纲51目92科160属,其中有600个OTUs被鉴定为变形菌门,72个OTUs为酸杆菌门,分别占总细菌序列数的57.17%和15.12%;噬纤维菌目的薄层菌属(Hymenobacter)及根瘤菌目的甲基杆菌属(Methylobacterium)的细菌物种最丰富,分别达37和27个OTUs。叶内生细菌物种组成在豆科与樟科植物之间存在显著差异(ANOSIM:R=0.5...     

樟树叶油地理变异的研究

对分布在福建省不同地区的樟树〔C innam omum camphora(L.)Presl〕叶油含量和主要化学成分进行分析,结果表明,J3(118°16′~119°29′)和W 1(28°18′~27°30′)交叉区域芳樟叶油含量(1.90%±0.30%)和芳樟醇含量(95.34%±1.10%)较高,可作为优良芳樟选育的重点区域;J2(117°03′~118°16′)和W 3(26°42′~25°54′)交叉区域桉樟叶油含量(1.36%±0.48%)和1,8-桉叶油素含量(10.44%±17.28%)较高,可以作为优良桉樟选育的重点区域。J2和W 2(27°30′~26°42′)交叉区域樟脑叶油含量(1.13%±0.65%)和樟脑含量(4.80%±13.97%)较高,可以作为优良脑樟选育的重点区域;J4(119°29′~120°43′)和W 6(24°18′~23°31′)交叉区域黄樟叶油含量(1.05%±0.34%)和黄樟油素含量(9.01%±16.73%)较高,可以作为优良黄樟选育的重点区域。樟树叶油含量和主成分类型及含量呈明显的地理分布。     

樟精油成分和类型划分

用色谱、色谱-质谱联用、红外光谱和其他化学方法鉴定了樟精油中的34个成分。通过164株樟不同部位的363个精油样品的分析,观察到不同树龄的植株及不同部位精油成分的差异。叶部精油具有显著的特征。按照叶油的主成分可将樟划分为五个化学类型(生理类型):樟脑型、芳樟醇型、桉油素型、龙脑型和异橙花叔醇型。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.