濒危植物元宝山冷杉的遗传多样性研究

元宝山冷杉(Abies yuanbaoshanensis)是仅分布于广西融水县元宝山的珍稀濒危物种。本研究采用AFLP分子标记分析了元宝山冷杉种群的遗传多样性。取元宝山冷杉种群43棵植株作为研究材料,4对引物组合用于AFLP扩增,共得到261条DNA扩增带。分析结果：元宝山冷杉种群的多态位点百分比率为50．96％,Nei's基因多样性为0．1510,Shannon多样性指数为0．1735。用NTSYS软件计算各个样品间的相似性系数,并用UPGMA法基于相似性系数进行了聚类分析。研究结果表明：元宝山冷杉种群的遗传多样性水平低,种群内个体间的相似性系数很大,无明显亚种群间的遗传分化。要保护或保存这个物种的遗传资源,建议应该选择种群内尽可能多的个体进行保护。     

元宝山冷杉群落种内与种间竞争的数量关系

元宝山冷杉 (AbiesyuanbaoshanensisY .J .LuetL .K .Fu)特产广西 ,是种群数量极少的濒危物种。根据调查资料 ,采用Hegyi提出的单木竞争指数模型CI=∑Nj=1 (Dj/Di)·1Lij对元宝山冷杉群落的种间、种内竞争强度进行定量分析。结果表明 :元宝山冷杉种内竞争较之与其伴生树种间的竞争剧烈 ;竞争木对对象木的竞争强度与对象木的胸高直径服从幂函数关系CI=ADB,竞争强度随对象木个体的增大而减小。当元宝山冷杉胸高直径达到 35～ 40cm后 ,竞争强度变化不明显。利用模型预测了元宝山冷杉种内和种间的竞争强度     

濒危植物元宝山冷杉种群结构与分布格局

元宝山冷杉是广西特有,列入《中国植物红皮书》的珍稀濒危植物,种群数量不足900株,在元宝山自然保护区设置5块样地,应用相邻格子法进行调查获取野外资料,对元宝山冷杉种群进行统计,编制种群的特定时间生命表,绘制大小结构图和存活曲线,并进行种群动态谱分析;应用理论分布模型和聚集强度指数进行处群分布格局分析,结果表明：元宝山冷杉种群幼苗个体比例大,大个体级死亡率较高,个体胸径超过21cm后,生命期望陡降,谱分析表明,种群的动态过程存在周期性,由于种内和种间竞争的影响及林窗效应,种群结构有波动性变化过程,元宝山冷杉种群当前仍为稳定型种群,元宝山冷杉种群呈现聚集分布,在不同发育阶段的分布格局有差异;幼苗,幼树阶段为集群分布,中龄阶段向随机分布发展,大树呈均匀分布,种群在不同发育阶段的空间分布格局差异与其生物学和生态学特性密切相关,同时受群落内小环境的影响。     

元宝山冷杉群落主要树木种群生态位的初步研究

根据群落类型和其在演替时间轴上的前后顺序综合出一个资源序列 ,样地作为资源位 ,采用定量的方法对元宝山冷杉群落 16个主要树种的生态位进行计测。结果表明 :五尖槭的生态位宽度最大 ,为 4 .70 94 ;元宝山冷杉、南方红豆杉、大八角次之 ,分别为 4 .5 830 ,4 .35 87,3.96 6 0 ;细枝柃、灯笼树的生态位宽度较小。元宝山冷杉与其它一些优势种 ,如南方红豆杉、红皮木姜、南方铁杉的重叠值较大 ,与其余多数物种的重叠值都不大 ;群落中多数树种间有较高的生态位相似性 ,表明群落中主要树种对资源有较明显的共享趋势。其计测结果可作为进一步研究元宝山冷杉群落结构、动态及种间关系的基础 ,亦可用于指导元宝山冷杉种群的保护和混交林的营造     

元宝山冷杉群落特征的初步研究

元宝山冷杉仅分布于广西融水县元宝山．元宝山冷杉群落为常绿针阔混交林,上层林木主要是松科植物,中、下层以樟科、茶科、杜鹃花科、壳斗科为主．元宝山冷杉群落现存大树基本上都是老龄树,林内有少量幼苗,但很难见到中龄林木,因此,元宝山冷杉种群年龄结构不完整,将被常绿阔叶树取代．     

元宝山冷极群落主要树木种群生态位的初步研究

根据群落类型和其在演替时间轴上的前后综合出一个资源序列,样地作为资源位,采用定量的方法对元宝山冷杉群落16个主要树种的生态位进行计测。结果表明：五尖槭的生态位宽度最大,为4．7094;元宝山冷杉,南方红豆杉,大八角次之,分别为4．5830,4．3587,3．9660;细枝柃,灯笼树的生态位宽度较小。元宝山冷杉与其它一些优势种,如南方红豆杉,红皮木姜,南方铁杉的重叠值较大,与其余多数物种的重叠值都不大;群落中多数树种间有较高的生态位相似性,表明群落中主要树种对资源有较明显的共享趋势。其计测结果可作为进一步研究元宝山冷杉群落结构,动态及种间关系的基础,亦可用于指导元宝山冷杉种 群的保护和混交林的营造。     

梵净山冷杉和元宝山冷杉的叶绿体微卫星遗传多样性分析

梵净山冷杉和元宝山冷杉是极度濒危的国家一级重点保护植物.应用叶绿体微卫星标记(cpSSR)研究它们的遗传多样性,并与同属的广布种岷江冷杉的一个种群进行比较.结果表明：3对 cpSSR 引物(Pt63718、Pt30204和Pt71936)在这3种冷杉的249个个体中共检测到21个等位基因,组成35种单倍型;它们的单倍型数和有效单倍型数分别为梵净山冷杉(No＝12,Ne＝3．92),元宝山冷杉(No＝9,Ne＝3．28),两者均低于广布种岷江冷杉(No＝14,Ne＝11．57);梵净山冷杉和元宝山冷杉的稀有单倍型较少,其频率最高的单倍型分别出现在该种群的46．0％和44．1％的个体中;梵净山冷杉(He＝0．75)和元宝山冷杉(He＝0．70)的单倍型多样性也低于岷江冷杉(He＝0．97).梵净山冷杉和元宝山冷杉的叶绿体微卫星遗传多样性水平低.     

濒危植物元宝山冷杉种群生命表分析

应用相邻格子法对元宝山冷杉种群进行野外调查,编制种群的静态生命表;根据试验结果编制幼苗期动态生命表。结果表明：元宝山冷杉种群结构存在明显的周期性和波动,出现多个死亡高峰,个体胸径超过18cm后,期望寿命陡降,存活曲线趋于Deevey-Ⅲ型;一年生幼苗死亡率高达48％。     

濒危植物百山祖冷杉和资源冷杉的物种划分及其遗传资源的保护

物种是生物学中最基本的分类单元,对于珍稀濒危物种而言,物种的正确界定对于制定保护措施至关重要。分布于中国亚热带地区的百山祖冷杉(Abies beshanzuensis)、资源冷杉(A. ziyuanensis)和大院冷杉(A. dayuanensis)种群极小,且分类上长期存在争议。现行分类依据形态和地理分布将大院冷杉归并到资源冷杉,又将资源冷杉处理为百山祖冷杉的变种,但分子证据不足。该研究对百山祖冷杉、资源冷杉和大院冷杉分布区内8个种群的23株个体进行靶向捕获测序,获得了60个单拷贝核基因中的805个单核苷酸多态性位点。种群遗传结构和历史动态分析表明,这些个体可分为两个谱系,分别对应于百山祖冷杉和资源冷杉,其中资源冷杉在2.35Ma前与百山祖冷杉和大院冷杉的共同祖先分化,而大院冷杉与百山祖冷杉亲缘关系更近,形成一个谱系。百山祖冷杉、资源冷杉和大院冷杉的遗传多样性水平整体较低,种群间存在较为明显的遗传分化(遗传分化指数0.083–0.208)。由于未检测到分化后的谱系间遗传交流,推测分布区的碎片化是谱系间遗传交流受阻进而产生分化的主要原因。生态位比较分析结果显示百山祖冷杉、资源冷杉和大...     

元宝山冷杉群落学特点的研究

元宝山冷杉群落3000m^2样方统计到107种,隶属52科,81属。种类组成中,单种科、少种属占的比例相当大,含单种的科有27科,占51．9％。单种的属有63属,占77．8％;含两种的属为12属,占14．8％,两者共占92．6％。乔木层种类除了南方铁杉外,其它优势种类都为稳定型种群。乔木层的优势区系成分相当稳定,表明该群落为一种顶极群落。71个种子植物属只有11个分布区类型和8个变型,仅占所有变型的26．7％,地理成分不复杂,其中热带分布27属,占39．7％,温带分布38属,占55．9％。热带分布以泛热带和热带亚洲为主,温带分布与东亚、东亚和北美洲间断分布密切相关。乔木层16个优势种中,属中亚热带地理分布类型的有13种,占81．3％,其中重要值排列前4位的种类均为中亚热带类型,所以元宝山冷杉群落为亚热带性质。元宝山冷杉不同群丛元宝山冷杉种群结构的差异反映了群落的演替过程。107种组成种类中,常绿成分占62．6％,落叶成分占37．4％,其中矮高位芽植物最多,占20．6％,叶级以小型叶为主,占57．9％,叶型以单叶比例最大,占81．6％。各样地的物种多样性水平均较高,表明元宝山冷杉群落是一个处于稳定地位的顶极群落。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.