风疹病毒多表位诊断抗原的制备与评价

原核表达与层析纯化获取风疹病毒(Rubella Virus,RV)多表位诊断抗原,并初步评价其抗原性。将RV衣壳蛋白C aa 3~29、aa 96~123以及包膜糖蛋白E1aa208~247三个主要免疫显性表位串联,密码子优化后全基因合成;利用基因重组技术将多表位串联片段插入带有GST标签的表达质粒中,在大肠杆菌中进行表达,并利用亲和层析和离子交换层析纯化目的蛋白;利用Western Blot(WB)技术对目的蛋白抗原性进行鉴定,并建立RV-IgM抗体检测ELISA技术,初步评价此方法对阴阳血清样本的鉴别能力。获取高度均质的RV多表位诊断抗原,WB实验表明目的蛋白不但可以被anti-GST单克隆抗体识别,还可以被anti-RV多克隆抗体、RV-IgM阳性血清相应抗体所识别。分别对48份RV急性感染病例的阳性血清、阴性血清和健康人血清进行检测,发现一致性优异。原核表达与层析纯化可以获取抗原性良好的RV多表位诊断抗原,偶联HRP后可以作为检测抗原应用于RV-IgM ELISA血清学检测中。     

风疹病毒结构蛋白多免疫显性区域诊断抗原的制备及其诊断效能评价

对串联风疹病毒 (Rubella virus,RV) 3个结构蛋白6个免疫显性区域进行制备 (命名为B103),并将其应用于血清学诊断中。选取RV C aa 1–30 & aa 96–123、E2 aa 31–105和E1 aa 11–39 & aa 154–277 & aa 389–412等6个免疫显性区域,将其串联并基因合成;将此基因片段插入TRX和His标签之间构建表达质粒;蛋白B103在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3) 中诱导表达,并利用Streamline Chelating亲和层析和DEAE阴离子交换层析纯化目的蛋白,Sephadex G-25分子筛分析其折叠情况及均一性;利用免疫印迹技术对蛋白B103的抗原性进行鉴定,并建立RV-IgM抗体捕获法ELISA检测技术,初步评价此方法对阴阳血清样本的鉴别能力。蛋白B103以可溶性形式表达,其表达量约占菌体总蛋白的18.57%,经纯化后蛋白B103浓度为3.026 mg/mL,纯度为95.35%;免疫印迹实验表明蛋白B103能与RV急性期血清发生反应;对40份RV急性期血清及40份RV阴性血清进行检测发现可以很好地鉴别阴阳性血清标本;其灵敏度为92.50%,特异性为95.00%,阳性预测值为94.87%,阴性预测值为92.68%,符合率为93.75%,McNemer检验的结果提示与“金标准”诊断结果无差异,kappa=0.900,提示两种方法诊断结果一致性优异。原核表达与层析纯化可以获取抗原性优异的RV血清学诊断抗原,可以应用于RV早期诊断中。     

弓形虫GRA6蛋白和P30蛋白的融合表达、纯化及抗原性分析

利用基因工程技术制备抗原性好的弓形虫GRA6蛋白和P30蛋白的融合蛋白,并用作抗原检测弓形虫抗体。根据弓形虫GRA6蛋白和P30蛋白的氨基酸序列,通过计算机分析,筛选出其中较强的抗原决定簇。用PCR方法分别扩增含抗原决定簇的基因片段。将这两个基因片段克隆至同一质粒pET28a(+)内,表达一个融合蛋白。将重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),筛选表达该融合蛋白的工程菌。纯化表达的融合蛋白,用已知的6份抗弓形虫IgM阳性血清和大量正常人血清,ELISA法检测纯化融合蛋白的抗原性和特异性。获得了高效表达含弓形虫GRA6蛋白和P30蛋白抗原表位的工程菌,表达的融合蛋白约占菌体蛋白总量的25%。纯化获得了表达的融合蛋白,该蛋白有较好的抗原性和特异性。表达的弓形虫GRA6和P30融合蛋白可用做抗原检测弓形虫抗体,用于临床及孕妇检测,对优生优育有较大意义。     

丙型肝炎病毒高变区1模拟表位的交叉反应性分析

研究丙型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis C virus,HCV)高变区1(Hypervariable region 1,HVR1)抗原表位的交叉反应性,获取高反应性的抗原表位.设计并合成5种HVR1模拟表位基因,构建编码HVR1模拟表位的表达载体,表达并纯化表位蛋白.ELISA法检测表位蛋白与35份HCV抗体阳性血清的交叉反应性.包装HCV假病毒(HCV pseudotype particles,HCVpp),评价表位蛋白免疫BALB/c鼠血清在假病毒感染Huh7.5细胞中的作用.结果表明,表达纯化的5种表位蛋白(P1、P2、P5、P6、P8)均可与HCV抗体阳性血清反应,阳性反应率分别为54.3%(P1)、62.9%(P2)、80%(P5)、68.6%(P6)、54.3%(P8).表位蛋白P6、P8免疫BALB/c鼠血清对HCV假病毒感染Huh7.5细胞具明显的抑制作用.结果提示,选取的HVR1模拟表位在HCV感染免疫与疫苗研制中可能具有潜在的价值.     

乙肝核心抗原病毒样颗粒呈现HPV 16L1抗原表位及特异抗体诱导

目的:构建呈现HPV 16L1抗原表位的病毒样颗粒(VLPs),为新型HPV疫苗及特异抗体制备提供新的思路。方法:将编码HPV 16L1抗原表位QPLGVGISGHPLLNKLDDTE寡聚核苷酸片段克隆于HBc Ag基因编码第78、79位氨基酸序列之间,重组质粒转化大肠杆菌DH5α。重组蛋白经IPTG诱导后以SDS-PAGE分析表达情况,并以Western blot鉴定重组蛋白中HPV 16L1表位的免疫反应性。菌体超声破碎后经硫酸铵盐析法和蔗糖密度梯度离心进行纯化,并经凝胶层析Sepharose G25脱盐,最后以电子显微镜及高效液相(HPLC)凝胶过滤色谱鉴定VLPs的存在并分析纯度。纯化的病毒样颗粒分别于0周、2周、4周经皮下注射免疫BALB/c小鼠,以Western blot分析血清特异识别L1蛋白的能力。结果:HBc Ag/L1肽嵌合蛋白获得成功表达,能够被商业化L1抗体特异识别,经密度梯度超速离心及HPLC分析显示其与HBc Ag行为一致,电子显微镜观察进一步确定其以HBc Ag病毒样颗粒形式存在。VLPs免疫小鼠获得的抗血清能够特异识别酵母表达的重组L1蛋白。结论:HBc Ag VLPs成功呈现HPV16L1蛋白并有效激发特异抗体应答。     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒E2抗原表位表达及验证

[目的]获得高效表达的重组牛病毒性腹泻病毒(Bovine viral diarrhoea virus,BVDV)E2免疫抗原蛋白。[方法]应用软件分析BVDV-E2蛋白抗原表位,将富含抗原表位基因片段连接表达载体p GEX-4T-1,并转化至大肠杆菌(DE3),经IPTG诱导表达,SDS-PAGE和Western Blot检测诱导表达蛋白,经镍柱分离纯化;以纯化蛋白为包被抗原,用间接ELISA检测抗原对免疫血清的反应性。[结果]成功克隆BVDV-E2抗原表位基因,并在大肠杆菌中高效表达,Western Blot和ELISA证实表达重组蛋白对BVDV阳性血清具有反应原性。[结论]获得大小为49.5 k Da的BVDV-E2抗原表位蛋白,并且该抗原稀释度在1:40,抗体稀释度在1:20时结合效果最佳。可用于后续的纳米抗体筛选的研究。     

单纯疱疹病毒Ⅱ型糖蛋白G主要抗原表位的表达和抗原性检测

利用PCR拼接技术,合成含单纯疱疹病毒Ⅱ型糖蛋白G(gG2)抗原表位(氨基酸序列第561～578位)的片段,并进一步利用基因工程技术获得该表位的双拷贝片段,克隆入pET-KDO表达载体进行原核表达.经IPTG诱导后,高效表达出分子量大小约为39kDa的融合蛋白,经Western blot检测具有良好的抗原性.表达的融合蛋白经凝血酶切割和亲和层析纯化,得到双拷贝gG2(561～578aa)目的蛋白,经ELISA检测具有良好的灵敏度和特异性.该重组抗原的构建和表达可用于HSV-2特异性血清学诊断的研究.     

新型冠状病毒N蛋白原核可溶性表达与血清学评价

目的:利用原核系统可溶性表达新冠病毒(SARS-CoV-2)N蛋白,评价其在血清学诊断上的可行性。方法:将SARS-CoV-2 N蛋白对应的核酸表达序列克隆到载体pET-DsbC上,经原核表达和亲和纯化获得可溶性DsbC-N融合蛋白,通过ELISA试验检测30份确诊新冠肺炎患者、50份健康人血清,评价重组DsbC-N蛋白在新冠肺炎患者血清学诊断中的应用价值。结果:DsbC-N融合蛋白在原核表达系统中以可溶性形式表达,经亲和层析纯化后相对分子质量为68×103,纯度为92%。ELISA结果显示纯化后的DsbC-N蛋白与新冠肺炎患者血清有较强的反应,血清学诊断敏感性为96%,特异性为98%。结论:原核可溶性表达的DsbC-N蛋白经纯化后在新冠肺炎诊断方面具有很高的应用价值,可以作为诊断抗原用于检测患者血清中的抗体。     

人乳头瘤病毒11型L1主要衣壳蛋白的B细胞表位多肽作为疫苗的研究

分析了人乳头瘤病毒11型(HPV11)L1主要衣壳蛋白的B细胞优势表位,并以此为基础研制表位多肽疫苗。研究中采用Goldkey和．PC／Gene软件系统,分析HPV11的L1主要衣壳蛋白的二级结构、抗原性、B细胞表位,并引人氨基酸抗原性指数,综合评估其B细胞优势表位。Fmoc固相合成表位多肽,高效液相层析方法纯化,毛细管电泳分析其纯度。与0．2ml佐剂完全乳化后,按50μg／只的剂量免疫小鼠,进行动物水平的免疫效果评价。取免疫小鼠血清,与HPV11 DNA阳性的尖锐湿疣患者的疣体上清液结合,鉴定免疫后小鼠所产生抗体的特异性。发现HPV11的L1主要衣壳蛋白的第426～439位和第487～501位具有较高的免疫原性,可明显诱导小鼠血清抗体滴度升高,且该抗体与人尖锐湿疣的疣体组织上清液呈阳性反应。说明所选这两个肽段为HPV11的L1主要衣壳蛋白的B细胞优势表位,但是否具有功能特异性,尚需进一步研究。     

肺炎衣原体ompA基因VD2-VD3区重组蛋白在血清学诊断中的初步应用

应用聚合酶联反应(PCR)技术,从肺炎衣原体Chlamydia pneumoniae的主要外膜蛋白(Major Outer Membrane Protein,MOMP)编码基因(ompA)上扩增出抗原优势表位VD2-VD3区基因,构建原核表达系统并诱导表达重组蛋白,经Ni-NTA亲和层析法纯化表达产物。间接酶联免疫吸附试验(Enzyme link immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测人血清中特异性IgG抗体。试验表明,转化入BL21大肠杆菌的重组质粒,能表达并纯化出相对分子质量(Mr)为24KD的重组蛋白。Western blot证实重组蛋白只与Cpn MOMP mAb发生特异性反应;重组蛋白用作ELISA包被抗原检测Cpn阴阳性参比血清,特异性和灵敏度均为100%;对126位冠心病患者血清进行的检测中,该间接ELISA法与晶美公司Cpn IgG ELISA诊断试剂盒的检测结果相比,符合率达到96.3%。结果证实,制备的重组蛋白MOMPVD2-VD3具有良好的免疫活性,在Cpn血清学诊断的应用中具有较大的利用价值。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。