山西兴县中奥陶统马家沟组五5亚段遗迹化石组合及其古环境意义

鄂尔多斯盆地东缘关家崖剖面奥陶系马家沟组五5亚段地层中保存大量无脊椎动物遗迹化石,可识别出居住迹、牧食迹、觅食迹三大类,共7个遗迹属、14个遗迹种,分别是Arenicolites isp.,Cylindricumisp.,Helminthopsis abeli,Helminthopsis isp.1,Helminthopsis isp.2,Lorenziniaisp.,Planolites isp.,Planolites beverleyensis,Planolites montanus,Teichichnus rectus,Thalassinoides isp.1,Thalassinoides isp.2,Thalassinoides isp.3,Thalassinoides isp.4。根据遗迹化石特征及其沉积环境,可划分3个遗迹组合:1、Helminthopsis-Planolites组合,该组合以觅食迹为主,部分为居住迹,出现在潮间带和潮下带;2、Thalassinoides-Teichichnus组合,该组合遗迹化石种类较单一,主要为觅食迹,分布于潮间带和潮上带;3、Thalassinoides-Helminthopsis组合,该组合出现在潮间带。基于遗迹化石组合的分布特点,提出山西兴县奥陶系马家沟组五5亚段的沉积环境模式。     

山东省东北部车镇凹陷古近系沙河街组滨浅湖沉积中的遗迹群落

济阳坳陷车镇凹陷古近系沙河街组滨浅湖沉积中产有十分丰富的动物遗迹化石,共鉴定出遗迹属 10个,未定属 1个,其中遗迹种 7个,未定种 4个。遗迹化石包括Beaconitesantarcticus, Beaconitescapronus, Planolitesmontanus, Macaronichnussegregatis, Taenidiumbarretti, Cochlichnusanguineus, Gordiasp., Skolithossp., Ophiomorphanodosa, Sagittichnussp.和Favreinasp.。这一遗迹化石群落主要是无脊椎动物的进食迹、觅食迹、居住迹和停息迹,其中大部分呈全浮痕保存,少数呈上浮痕保存,并形成于经常干旱和周期性泛滥的滨浅湖沉积环境中。该群落可识别出两个遗迹化石组合,即 1)Beaconites Taenidium组合,它主要产自干旱气候条件下的滨浅湖沉积环境;2)Sko lithos Ophiomorpha组合,它代表了丰水期水体能量相对较高的滨湖沉积环境。     

福建大田广平早二叠世栖霞组介形类动物群*

记述福建大田广平早二叠世栖霞组介形类化石9属16种,包括1新属9新种.将这一介形类动物群自下而上划分为4个组合:1)Bairdia menardensis-Orthobairdia xingyangensis-Bairdia dorsalta组合;2)Bairdia piscariformis-Orthobairdia ponderosa-Kellettina elongata组合;3)Bairdia cristata-Fabalicypris subtililonga-Heterobairdia datianensis组合;4)Bairdia lungtanensis-Healdianella reniformis-Silenites suborthis组合.认为组合1和组合2与江苏栖霞组介形类的下部组合相当;组合3和组合4与上部组合相当.还讨论了介形类组合与(蜒)带的对应关系.     

陕西子洲中侏罗世早期恐龙足迹初步研究（英文）

陕西子洲县中侏罗统延安组砂岩中,同一地点共厚约1.7 m的5个层面发现4种食肉类恐龙足迹,自上而下分别为:1)第5层面大型三趾型足迹,实雷龙足迹科王氏子洲足迹(新遗迹属、新遗迹种)Zizhoupus wangi ichnogen.et ichnosp.nov.;2)第4和第3层面中型三趾型足迹,实雷龙足迹科龙尾峁张北足迹(新遗迹种)Changpeipus longweimaoensis inchnosp.nov.;3)第2层面小型三趾或四趾型足迹,虚骨龙类小理河陕西足迹(新遗迹种)Shensipus xiaoliheensis inchnosp.nov.;4)第1层面小型三趾型足迹,虚骨龙类的铜川陕西足迹Shensipus tungchuanensis。     

陕西子洲中侏罗世早期恐龙足迹初步研究

陕西子洲县中侏罗统延安组砂岩中,同一地点共厚约1.7 m的5个层面发现4种食肉类恐龙足迹,自上而下分别为:1)第5层面大型三趾型足迹,实雷龙足迹科王氏子洲足迹(新遗迹属、新遗迹种)Zizhoupus wangi ichnogen.et ichnosp,nov.;2)第4和第3层面中型三趾型足迹,实雷龙足迹科龙尾峁张北足迹(新遗迹种)Changpeipus longweimaoensis inchnosp.nov.;3)第2层面小型三趾或四趾型足迹,虚骨龙类小理河陕西足迹(新遗迹种)Shensipus xiaoliheensis inchnosp.nov.;4)第1层面小型三趾型足迹,虚骨龙类的铜川陕西足迹Shensipus tungchuanensis.     

山东北部地区古新统孢粉组合*

统计了黄县地区龙口组和昌潍地区侯镇组孢粉100余个属种,描述6新种、4个新亚种,1个新联合种.在概述孢粉组合的基础上,重点讨论了该组合所代表的地质时代应属古新世.还阐述了这—孢粉植物群所反映的古气候特征.     

新疆乌鲁木齐郝家沟剖面郝家沟组和八道湾组孢粉组合及地层意义

作者系统研究了新疆乌鲁木齐郝家沟剖面郝家沟组、八道湾组的孢粉化石,共计98属300种(包括2新属4新种)。根据孢粉属种组成及其含量的变化,自下而上分为5套组合:1.Concavisporites-Dictyophyllidites-Chas-matosporites-Cycadopites组合(组合1),2.Cyathidites-Deltoidospora-Chasmatosporites-Cycadopites组合(组合2),3.Cyathidites-Brevilaesuraspora-Chasmatosporites-Cycadopites-Perinopollenites组合(组合3),4.Cyathidi-tes-Osmundacidites-Pinuspollenites-Piceites-Perinopollenites组合(组合4),5.Cyathidites-Contignisporites组合(组合5)。依据组合中一些重要分子的地质时限讨论及其与相关组合的对比,将组合1归为晚三叠世,组合2—组合4归为早侏罗世早期,组合5归为早侏罗世晚期。并讨论了三叠系与侏罗系的界线及八道湾组的地质时代问题。文中描述孢子花粉2新属4新种,图示孢子花粉及疑源类共74属175种。     

南极利文期顿岛晚三叠世复理石相遗迹化石

南极利文斯顿岛赫德半岛中的迈尔斯陡崖组主要是浅变质的石英长石杂砂岩、粉砂岩、泥岩和粉砂岩与泥岩互层等组成的复理石,厚度可能超过３０００m,形成于浊积扇的上扇和下扇部分,时代可能为晚三叠世。在复理石相岩石中发育一套深水的遗迹化石,共有１５个遗迹属、１６人遗变种,其中有１０个可以鉴定到遗迹种,两个比较种,４个只鉴定到遗迹属,未鉴定到遗迹种,１建立１个新遗迹属及新遗迹种,除新遗迹属种外,其余１４个遗迹属,１５个遗迹种都曾经在深海复理石相浊积岩内发现过,其中Ｂelorhaphe,Glockerichnus,Lophoctenium,Rhabdo-glyphus,Paleodictyon,Suborenzinia,Spirophycus,Strobilorhaphe,Tuberculicnus,Cochlichnus等,属于浊流前产生在复理石相泥岩内的高度分异的雕画迹（Ｇraphoglyptida),它们产于泥岩却保存为上覆砂岩底面的铸型凸起。别外,Ｆucusopsis和Neonereites却产生在砂岩内代表浊流后形成的沉积后遗迹组合,文内还描述３种浊流常见的无机构造,并上上述遗迹化石进行比较。     

塔里木盆地西北缘志留系塔塔埃尔塔格组上段的遗迹化石

通过对塔里木盆地柯坪地区志留系塔塔埃尔塔格组上段遗迹化石的研究,识别出8属8种。根据组成、产状、分布规律及其围岩沉积特征,划分为2种不同沉积环境条件下的遗迹组合,即(1)Thalassinoides-Maca-ronichnus遗迹组合,主要组成分子有Thalassinoides suevicus,Macaronichnus segregatis和Rhizocorallium ganx-iensis等,形成于高氧高能的砂坪沉积环境;(2)Scoyenia-Beaconites遗迹组合,常见组成分子有Scoyenia gracilis,Beaconites antarcticus,Planolites vulgaris,Palaeophycus wutingensis和Monocraterioncf.tentaculatum,形成于混合坪-泥坪沉积环境。     

山东济阳坳陷古近系沙河街组深水湖沉积中的遗迹化石

山东济阳坳陷古近系沙河街组深水湖沉积地层主要由深灰色、褐灰色泥岩、油泥岩、泥灰岩和石灰岩以及岩盐组成,浊流沉积发育。已发现深水型遗迹化石有12个遗迹属14个遗迹种,包括3个新遗迹属6个新遗迹种。根据这些遗迹化石的组成与分布特征及其围岩的沉积特征,可以划分出2种不同沉积环境下的遗迹化石群落,即(1)Mermoides-Neonereites遗迹群落,主要由觅食迹(Fodinichnia)和牧食迹(Pascichnia)组成,常见分子有Mermoides chezhenensis,Mermoides latiusculus,Neonereites uniserialis,Hel minthoidichnitescf.tenuis,Hel-minthopsis abeli,Pilichnus lacustris,Multilagueichnus lingpanensis,Cochlichnus anguineus,Gordiaichnosp.,Palaeophycus tubularis和Planolites beverleyensis等,它们被解释形成于半深水湖或较深水湖沉积环境;(2)Semi-rotundichnus遗迹群落,以半圆形、小碟形牧食迹为其特征,典型组成分子有Semirotundichnus dongyingensis,Pa-tellarisichnus boxingensis和Neonereites uniserialis等,它们均产生于深水湖沉积环境。     

青海曲麻莱-治多地区巴颜喀拉山群(上三叠统)遗迹化石

首次对青海南部曲麻莱-治多地区巴颜喀拉山群上部(上三叠统)遗迹化石进行了系统采集,共采获遗迹化石33属54种。据遗迹化石的形态、习性、水深等环境成因特征,可划分为两类组合:一类以Cosmorhaphe,Helminthopsis,Helminthoida,Megagrapton,Paleodictyon等为主,产生于浊流事件前;另一类以Chondrites,Neo-nereites,Palaeophycus,Phycosiphon,Planolites,Zoophycos等为主,产生于浊流事件后,两者均为半深海-深海Nereites遗迹相的典型代表,反映晚三叠世研究区应为浊流沉积发育的复理石相沉积。     

BIOEROSIVE STRUCTURES OF SCLEROZOAN FORAMINIFERA FROM THE LOWER PLIOCENE OF SOUTHERN SPAIN: A CONTRIBUTION TO THE PALAEOECOLOGY OF MARINE HARD SUBSTRATE COMMUNITIES

Abstract:  A palaeoecological study of sclerozoan foraminifera of the families Saccamminidae (aff. Sagenina ), Lituolidae ( Placopsilina ), Cibicididae ( Cibicides , Dyocibicides , Cibicidella ) and Planorbulinidae ( Planorbulina and Planorbulinella ) that colonized epifaunal bivalves (ostreids and pectinids) during the early Pliocene in southern Spain has led to the recognition of two new boring ichnogenera: Camarichnus ichnogen. nov., with two ichnospecies, C .  subrectangularis ichnosp. nov. and C .  arcuatus ichnosp. nov., and Canalichnus ichnogen. nov., with one ichnospecies, C .  tenuis ichnosp. nov. The first two ichnospecies were produced by adnate lituolids and cibicidids, the last by saccamminids. Their recognition is very important when quantifying populations of these organisms. Colonisation took place after death of the host bivalves, when they acted as very stable substrates whose topography probably controlled the initial settlement pattern of the foraminifera. The colonisation sequence started with the foraminifera (lituolids-saccamminids-cibicidids-planorbulinids) and was followed by vermetid gastropods, serpulids, spirorbids, cheilostome bryozoans and/or ostreids. Preferred orientations and overgrowth relationships between cheilostome bryozoans and serpulids have been detected in this material.     

A diverse deep‐marine Ichnofauna from the Eocene Tarcau sandstone of the Eastern Carpathians,Romania

The Paleocene to Middle Eocene Tarcau Sandstone at Buzau Valley, eastern Carpathians, Romania, records sedimentation in a turbidite system. These strata contain a diverse and abundant pre‐ and postdepositional ichnofauna consisting of 35 ichnogenera and 54 ichnospecies. The predepositional assemblage is rich in graphoglyptids and ornate grazing trails; simple grazing trails, resting traces, and feeding structures also occur. The predepositional assemblage includes Acan‐thorhaphe, Belorhaphe, Cardioichnus, Circulichnus, Coch‐lichnus, Cosmorhaphe, Desmograpton, Fustiglyphus, Gordia, Helicolithus, Helminthopsis, Helminthorhaphe, Lorenzinia, Megagrapton, Paleodictyon, Paleomeandron, Protopaleodictyon, Scolicia (S. strozzii), Spirorhaphe, Spirophycus, Treptichnus, and Urohelminthoida. The ich‐nodiversity, composition, ethology, and morphologic complexity of the predepositional association are indicative of the Nereites ichnofacies. The postdepositional association essentially consists of dwelling, feeding, and grazing traces, and is represented by Chondrites, Glockerichnus, Halopoa, Nereites, Ophiomorpha, Phycodes, Planolites, Polykampton, Scolicia(S. prisca. S. striata), Taenidium, Thalassinoides, and Zoophycos. Palaeophycus occurs in both assemblages. Allochthonous Teredolites is present in wood fragments, The postdepositional association includes elements of the Skolithos ichnofacies and facies‐crossing forms that are commonly present in deep‐marine deposits, Elements of the Skolithos ichnofacies are present not only in the most proximal parts of the turbidite system, but also in distal parts. The number of predepositional forms greatly exceeds postdepositional ones, reflecting a dominance of K‐selected over r‐selected population strategies in a stable environment. High levels of ichnodiversity in the Tarcau Sandstone are comparable with deep‐sea ichnofaunas from the Polish Carpathians and with other flysch trace‐fossil assemblages of similar age. This abundant and diverse Eocene ichnofauna supports the idea of extremely rich deep‐sea ichnofaunas in the Cenozoic.     

New trace fossils of termites (Insecta: Isoptera) from the late Eocene‐early Miocene of Egypt,and the reconstruction of ancient isopteran social behavior

Three new ichnogenera and five new ichnospecies are described for new trace fossils of termitaria (including associated gallery systems) of subterranean termites from upper Eocene through lower Miocene rocks of northern Egypt. All but two ichnospecies (Krausichnus trompitus, ichnogen, and ichnosp. nov., and A’, altus, ichnosp. nov.) show varying degrees of affinity to nests of the extant subterranean termite species Sphaerotermes sphaerothorax (Termitidae, Macro‐termitinae).

Termitichnus qatranii (Bown, 1982) is divided into two ichnospecies, the previously named T. qatranii, and a more generalized form, T. simplicidens, ichnosp. nov. Vondrichnus obovatus, ichnogen. and ichnosp. nov., is named for simple, possibly macrotermitine nests with oblate form, and Fleaglellius pagodus, ichnogen. and ichnosp. nov., records a nest form similar to V. obovatus, but one in which successive vertical growth by chamber apposition has produced a subterranean, tower‐like structure, reminiscent of that built by extant, epigeous Cubitermes. Krausichnus trompitus, ichnogen. and ichnosp. nov., and A’, altus, ichnosp. nov., record two unique nest architectures probably produced by unknown but related species of humivorous termites. The nest architecture expressed by Krausichnus is of wholly unknown affinity and is only distantly related in form to the ichnofossils of other termite nests known from the Tertiary of Egypt.

Study of the architecture of the nests of these ancient termites reveals details important in reconstructing the phylogeny of termite nests and documents two novel blueprints for chamber expansion and society budding in what were probably primitive Macrotermi‐tinae. It also indicates that at least two constructed edifices, earlier known only as epigeous manifestations of extant termite species, were almost certainly first developed by species living underground.

The extant Macrotermitinae are a subfamily of termites originally believed to have evolved in the post‐Eocene of the Ethiopian biogeo‐graphic region. We offer fossil evidence of four distinct, possibly macrotermitine structures from upper Eocene rocks. This evidence suggests that this termite subfamily (or at least their peculiar mode of nest construction) might have evolved considerably earlier, as it is already well established and exhibits several variants by the late Eocene in Egypt.     

河南泌阳凹陷古近纪核桃园组遗迹化石组合及其环境意义——兼论深水湖泊遗迹相特征

南襄盆地泌阳凹陷古近纪核桃园组湖泊沉积中发育大量遗迹化石,含5个遗迹组合,形成于从滨湖到深湖的不同沉积环境中。Taenidiumserpentinum遗迹组合反映稍有覆水并周期性暴露的低能滨湖环境;Skolithos linearis遗迹组合代表湖泊中上临滨环境;Planolites montanus遗迹组合与低能浅湖环境有关;Skolithos verticalis遗迹组合形成于浅湖的远源风暴沉积中;Semirotundichnus dongyingensis遗迹组合发育在贫氧的半深湖-深湖沉积环境中。     

Lower Jurassic Arthropod Resting Trace from the Hartford Basin of Massachusetts,USA

Cheliceratichnus lockleyi ichnogen. nov. et ichnosp. nov. is a new ichnotaxon of arthropod resting trace (cubichnium) from the Lower Jurassic (Hettangian) East Berlin Formation in Holyoke, Massachusetts, USA. The trace fossil is preserved as showing many of the external anatomical features of the exoskeleton, which resemble those of some chelicerates, notably sun spiders (Solifugae). The resting trace is directly associated with a trackway of the ichnospecies Acanthichnus cursorius Hitchcock. This is the first described fossil resting trace of a solifugan-like arthropod, and the first direct evidence of a trackmaker of A. cursorius.     

贵州台江早、中寒武世凯里组的遗迹化石

凯里组发现遗迹化石９属１４种，主要是以ＰｈｙｃｏｄｅｓｐｅｄｕｍＳｅｉｌａｃｈｅｒ为主的遗迹群落，重要的遗迹属如：Ｃｏｃｈｌｉｃｈｎｕｓ，Ｇｏｒｄｉａ，Ｍｏｎｏｍｏｒｐｈｉｃｈｎｕｓ，Ｏｌｄｈａｍｉａ，Ｐｌａｎｏｌｉｔｅｓ，Ｔｒｅｐｔｉｃｈｎｕｓ等常见于世界各地寒武纪Ｃｒｕｚｉａｎａ遗迹相。根据遗迹化石表明凯里组沉积于盐份、含氧量正常，海水能量中等的浅海软基底潮下带环境。     

川中-川南地区上三叠统滨浅湖沉积中的遗迹化石

川中-川南地区上三叠统滨浅湖沉积中产有丰富的动物遗迹化石,识别为3大类6属8种,包括Sko-lithos linearis,S.verticalis,Ophiomorpha nodosa,Planolites beverleyensis,P.montanus,Palaeophycus tubularis,Taenidiumsatanassi和Cochlichnus anguineus,另外,逃逸构造也很发育。这些遗迹化石主要是无脊椎动物的居住迹、进食迹和觅食迹,大多为全浮痕和上浮痕保存。根据遗迹化石的组合特征及其沉积环境,可识别出3个遗迹组合:1)Skolithos linearis遗迹组合,主要由长的垂直或高角度倾斜的悬食居住潜穴构成,反映高能的砂质滨湖环境;2)Cochlichnus-Planolites遗迹组合,主要由进食迹和牧食迹组成,形成于低能的滨湖沼泽环境;3)Skolithos-Planol-ites遗迹组合,以居住潜穴和进食潜穴为主,遗迹化石的丰度较高,代表潮湿气候条件下的浅湖环境。根据生物扰动的分布及扰动强度,浅湖中可识别出两类扰动类型,即1)砂泥边界扰动,扰动主要发育于砂泥交界处,代表了浅湖下部环境;2)薄砂层扰动,扰动主要发育于薄砂层中,主要出现于浅湖中下部沉积中。     

Review of Japanese Dinosaur Track Localities: Implications for Ichnotaxonomy,Paleogeography and Stratigraphic Correlation

Nine dinosaur ichnospecies from the Lower Jurassic to Upper Cretaceous of Japan, including two that are new, are described herein. The new ichnotaxa are Asianopodus pulvinicalx ichnogen. et ichnosp. nov. and Schizograllator otariensis ichnosp. nov. The Japanese ichnotaxa are allied to Lower Jurassic ichnospecies in South China, North America, Western Europe and South Africa, and Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous ichnospecies from Southeast and East Asia. This suggests they were part of a global ichnofauna before continental drift began in the Middle Jurassic, leading to the development of a more endemic dinosaur fauna in the Cretaceous. At least two assemblages, an ornithopod-gracile-toed theropod-dominated community, in northeastern Asia, and a robust theropod- and sauropod-dominated community in the southern part of the continent, existed in the Cretaceous. This parallels North American dinosaur distribution patterns in the Cretaceous and seems to be a reflection of paleolatitudinal controls.