四川龙门山地区下泥盆统平驿铺组的遗迹化石

四川龙门山甘溪剖面下泥盆统平驿铺组的滨浅海相地层中赋存无脊椎动物遗迹化石,可识别出居住迹、停息迹、觅食迹3大类,鉴定为11属,包括Arenicolites,Chondrites,Cylindrichnus,Diplocraterion,Palaeophycus,Planolites,Phycodes,Rhizocorallium,Rusophycus,Skolithos和Thalassinoides。根据遗迹化石特征及其沉积环境,可识别出5个遗迹组合:1)Planolites-Palaeophycus遗迹组合,主要由觅食迹组成,指示低能的砂质近滨环境;2)Rusophycus-Phycodes遗迹组合,主要是觅食迹和停息迹,形成于低能的近滨环境;3)Chondrites-Palaeophycus遗迹组合,主要是居住迹和觅食迹,反映了贫氧低能的近滨下部环境;4)Skolithos-Cylindrichnus遗迹组合,主要由居住迹组成,形成于高能的前滨环境;5)Skolithos-Diplocraterion遗迹组合,主要为居住迹和觅食迹组合,反映了低能、食物丰富的近滨上部环境。     

西秦岭甘南地区二叠纪–三叠纪遗迹化石 及其古环境意义

西秦岭甘南地区晚二叠世–中三叠世半深海–深海相地层中赋存丰富的遗迹化石, 出现了居住迹、觅食迹、停歇迹和牧食迹4大类, 14属, 包括: Arenicolites、Chondrites、Dictyodora、Diplichnites、Diplopodichnus、Helminthopsis、Laevicyclus、Lockeia、Nereites、Palaeophycus、?Phycodes、Planolites、Protovirgularia、Scolicia。二叠纪乐平统毛毛隆组主要包括Protovirgularia组合、Dictyodora–Helminthopsis组合和Diplichnites–Palaeophycus组合, 上述3个遗迹化石组合主要由牧食迹和觅食迹组成, 结合沉积相标志, 指示了斜坡相沉积环境。早三叠世山尕岭群识出现了Diplopodichnus–Planolites组合, 结合相应岩性及沉积相标志, 反映了斜坡–盆地的深海沉积环境。中三叠世古浪堤组出现了Laevicyclus组合和丰富多样的沉积构造, 指示了浊积扇的内扇环境。     

天山和昆仑—秦岭造山带志留系、石炭系和三叠系复理石相遗迹化石

在天山志留系,石炭系和东昆仑－西秦岭三叠系浊积岩系中遗迹化石发育,经研究计有：Helminthopsis hieroglyphica,Neonerietes biserialis.,N,uniserialis,palaeophycus isp.,P.serratus,P.striatus.P.tubularis,Paleodictyon imperfectum,Phycodes circinnatum,Phycosiphon incertum,Planolites annularis,P.beverleyensis,P.Montanus,Rhizocorallium ips.,Scalarituba missourensis,Skolithos ips.,?Spirorhaphe isp.,sublorenzinia ips.Tambia isp.,Taphrhelminthopsis auricularis,Teichichnus isp.,Thalassinoides isp.它们构成4种遗迹化石组合：Phycosiphon-Palaeophycus组合,Neonereites-Scalarituba组合,Paleodictyon组合和Phycodes Skolithos组合,分别代表局限缺氧深海盆地浊流沉积,半深海环境中－上扇沉积,多岛洋环境的中－下扇沉积,半深海环境的中扇浊流沉积。     

河南西峡盆地上白垩统寺沟组遗迹化石及其沉积环境

西峡盆地上白垩统寺沟组岩性以紫红色薄层粉砂质泥岩、灰黄—灰绿色厚层状粉砂岩、细砂岩为主,夹灰黄、灰白色厚层状含砾砂岩及中粗砂岩。本次工作发现遗迹化石11属19种:包括Archaeonassaisp.,Arenicolites isp.,Cylindricumisp.,Beaconites antarcticus,B.capronus,B.coronus,Gastruichnus xixiaensis,Naktodemasis isp.,Palaeophycus tubularis,P.heberti,P.sulcatus,P.striatus,Planolites beverleyensis,Planolitesisp.,Scoyenia gracilis,Skolithos verticalis,Skolithos isp,Taenidium irregularis,T.serpentinum和似逃逸迹。根据遗迹化石的产状及其围岩的沉积特征,建立了Beaconites-Palaeophycus遗迹组合和Taenidium-Scoyenia遗迹组合,分别代表了曲流河和浅水湖泊(河漫湖泊)沉积环境中遗迹化石的组成特征。基于岩性特征、沉积构造和遗迹化石组成特征的综合分析,划分出五种沉积序列类型,揭示了寺沟组曲流河边滩、泛滥平原、洪流砂体与河漫湖泊在沉积过程中的变化和相应的遗迹群落变化特征。结合寺沟组中遗迹化石分布及组合特征,Beaconites-Palaeophycus遗迹组合和Taenidium-Scoyenia遗迹组合可归属于Scoyenia遗迹相。     

山东莱阳盆地早白垩世莱阳群的遗迹化石

山东莱阳早白垩阳群自下而上分为瓦屋夼组,林寺山组,止风庄组,水南组,龙旺庄组和曲格庄组。为一套河湖相沉积,产有较丰富,分异度较高的非海相遗迹化石和兽脚类恐龙足迹化石,共鉴定出遗迹属11个,未定属1个,其中遗迹种9个,未定种2个,遗迹化石是：Cochlichnus anguines,Diplocraterion parallelun,Helminthoidichnites tenuis,Palaeophycus tubularis,Planolites montanus ,Scolica sp.,Scoyenia gracilis,Skolithos linearis,Taenidium cameromensis,Thalassinoides sp.,恐龙足迹化石是：Paragrallator yangi,这些化石按习性可分为4类,即：居住构造, 爬行迹,觅食[迹和牧食迹,其中又以前3种为主,遗迹化石在剖面上的分布不均匀,以上部的水南组,龙旺庄,曲格庄3个组最丰富。     

华北板块南部寒武系底部辛集组遗迹化石及其时代意义

首次详细描述了河南省石门沟、阳坡和山西省水峪等3条剖面寒武系底部辛集组中的遗迹化石。遗迹化石主要产出于辛集组的近底部层位,以水平管状遗迹化石为主,共计8遗迹属,12遗迹种(含3个未定种),包括Arenicolites sp.,Didymaulichnus lyelli,Gordia marina,Helminthopsis abeli,Helminthopsis sp.,Palaeophycus striatus,Palaeophycus tubularis,Phycodes sp.,Planolites beverleyensis,Planolites montanus,Treptichnus pedum与Treptichnus pollardi,此外还有2枚属种未定的遗迹化石。这一遗迹化石组合属非典型的Cruziana遗迹相,形成于盐度正常的潮下带砂质软底环境。通过对寒武纪早期管状遗迹化石Palaeophycus与Planolites直径大小的统计与分析,推测辛集组下部地层的时代不早于沧浪铺期。     

山东省东北部车镇凹陷古近系沙河街组滨浅湖沉积中的遗迹群落

济阳坳陷车镇凹陷古近系沙河街组滨浅湖沉积中产有十分丰富的动物遗迹化石,共鉴定出遗迹属 10个,未定属 1个,其中遗迹种 7个,未定种 4个。遗迹化石包括Beaconitesantarcticus, Beaconitescapronus, Planolitesmontanus, Macaronichnussegregatis, Taenidiumbarretti, Cochlichnusanguineus, Gordiasp., Skolithossp., Ophiomorphanodosa, Sagittichnussp.和Favreinasp.。这一遗迹化石群落主要是无脊椎动物的进食迹、觅食迹、居住迹和停息迹,其中大部分呈全浮痕保存,少数呈上浮痕保存,并形成于经常干旱和周期性泛滥的滨浅湖沉积环境中。该群落可识别出两个遗迹化石组合,即 1)Beaconites Taenidium组合,它主要产自干旱气候条件下的滨浅湖沉积环境;2)Sko lithos Ophiomorpha组合,它代表了丰水期水体能量相对较高的滨湖沉积环境。     

塔里木盆地西北缘志留系塔塔埃尔塔格组上段的遗迹化石

通过对塔里木盆地柯坪地区志留系塔塔埃尔塔格组上段遗迹化石的研究,识别出8属8种。根据组成、产状、分布规律及其围岩沉积特征,划分为2种不同沉积环境条件下的遗迹组合,即(1)Thalassinoides-Maca-ronichnus遗迹组合,主要组成分子有Thalassinoides suevicus,Macaronichnus segregatis和Rhizocorallium ganx-iensis等,形成于高氧高能的砂坪沉积环境;(2)Scoyenia-Beaconites遗迹组合,常见组成分子有Scoyenia gracilis,Beaconites antarcticus,Planolites vulgaris,Palaeophycus wutingensis和Monocraterioncf.tentaculatum,形成于混合坪-泥坪沉积环境。     

川中-川南地区上三叠统滨浅湖沉积中的遗迹化石

川中-川南地区上三叠统滨浅湖沉积中产有丰富的动物遗迹化石,识别为3大类6属8种,包括Sko-lithos linearis,S.verticalis,Ophiomorpha nodosa,Planolites beverleyensis,P.montanus,Palaeophycus tubularis,Taenidiumsatanassi和Cochlichnus anguineus,另外,逃逸构造也很发育。这些遗迹化石主要是无脊椎动物的居住迹、进食迹和觅食迹,大多为全浮痕和上浮痕保存。根据遗迹化石的组合特征及其沉积环境,可识别出3个遗迹组合:1)Skolithos linearis遗迹组合,主要由长的垂直或高角度倾斜的悬食居住潜穴构成,反映高能的砂质滨湖环境;2)Cochlichnus-Planolites遗迹组合,主要由进食迹和牧食迹组成,形成于低能的滨湖沼泽环境;3)Skolithos-Planol-ites遗迹组合,以居住潜穴和进食潜穴为主,遗迹化石的丰度较高,代表潮湿气候条件下的浅湖环境。根据生物扰动的分布及扰动强度,浅湖中可识别出两类扰动类型,即1)砂泥边界扰动,扰动主要发育于砂泥交界处,代表了浅湖下部环境;2)薄砂层扰动,扰动主要发育于薄砂层中,主要出现于浅湖中下部沉积中。     

山东济阳坳陷古近系沙河街组深水湖沉积中的遗迹化石

山东济阳坳陷古近系沙河街组深水湖沉积地层主要由深灰色、褐灰色泥岩、油泥岩、泥灰岩和石灰岩以及岩盐组成,浊流沉积发育。已发现深水型遗迹化石有12个遗迹属14个遗迹种,包括3个新遗迹属6个新遗迹种。根据这些遗迹化石的组成与分布特征及其围岩的沉积特征,可以划分出2种不同沉积环境下的遗迹化石群落,即(1)Mermoides-Neonereites遗迹群落,主要由觅食迹(Fodinichnia)和牧食迹(Pascichnia)组成,常见分子有Mermoides chezhenensis,Mermoides latiusculus,Neonereites uniserialis,Hel minthoidichnitescf.tenuis,Hel-minthopsis abeli,Pilichnus lacustris,Multilagueichnus lingpanensis,Cochlichnus anguineus,Gordiaichnosp.,Palaeophycus tubularis和Planolites beverleyensis等,它们被解释形成于半深水湖或较深水湖沉积环境;(2)Semi-rotundichnus遗迹群落,以半圆形、小碟形牧食迹为其特征,典型组成分子有Semirotundichnus dongyingensis,Pa-tellarisichnus boxingensis和Neonereites uniserialis等,它们均产生于深水湖沉积环境。     

河南泌阳凹陷古近纪核桃园组遗迹化石组合及其环境意义——兼论深水湖泊遗迹相特征

南襄盆地泌阳凹陷古近纪核桃园组湖泊沉积中发育大量遗迹化石,含5个遗迹组合,形成于从滨湖到深湖的不同沉积环境中。Taenidiumserpentinum遗迹组合反映稍有覆水并周期性暴露的低能滨湖环境;Skolithos linearis遗迹组合代表湖泊中上临滨环境;Planolites montanus遗迹组合与低能浅湖环境有关;Skolithos verticalis遗迹组合形成于浅湖的远源风暴沉积中;Semirotundichnus dongyingensis遗迹组合发育在贫氧的半深湖-深湖沉积环境中。     

Oceanic Anoxic Event at the Cenomanian–Turonian boundary interval (OAE-2): ichnological approach from the Betic Cordillera, southern Spain

Ichnological analysis of dark sediments of the Oceanic Anoxic Event at the Cenomanian–Turonian boundary interval (OAE-2) from the Betic Cordillera, southern Spain, reveals the presence of ichnofabrics containing trace fossils Chondrites isp., Palaeophycus heberti , Planolites isp., Thalassinoides isp., Trichichnus linearis , Zoophycos isp., and other bioturbational structures. Analysis of the ichnofabrics and trace fossil diversity allowed the reconstruction of relative oxygenation. Before the OAE-2, oxygenation of sediments was generally good, but it was punctuated by short anoxic events. During the OAE-2i, several longer anoxic intervals were interrupted by shorter dysaerobic and oxic periods. After the OAE-2, oxygenation improved and almost all trace fossils known before OAE-2 reappeared, although oxygenation dropped a few times to anoxia. Generally, the short oxygenation changes reveal a periodicity, which may suggest a Milankovitch control.     

Cretaceous Nonmarine Trace Fossils from the Hasandong and Jinju Formations of the Namhae Area,Kyongsangnamdo, Southeast Korea

Nonmarine strata of the Cretaceous Hasandong and Jinju formations of the Sindong Group of the Namhae area, Kyongsangnamdo, southeast Korea, contain relatively diverse and abundant ichnofaunas including domichnia, fodinichnia, pascichnia, and repichnia. These ichnofaunas are systematically described herein and three ichnocoenoses, namely the Skolithos, Palaeophycus, and Chondrites ichnocoenoses, are defined based on their paleoenvironmental occurrence. The Skolithos ichnocoenose characterizes tabular laminated sandstone facies deposited on fluvial channel levées. It is dominated by infaunally produced ichnotaxa, particularly Skolithos magnus Howell, Planolites montanus Richter and Chondrites isp. type A, with reduced numbers of Skolithos verticalis (Hall) Taenidium barretti (Bradshaw) and rare examples of Circulichnus montanus (Vyalov), Cochlichnus anguineus Hitchcock, Helminthopsis abeli Ksi??kiewicz, Helimthopsis hieroglyphica Wetzel and Bromley, Laevicyclus isp., Planolites beverleyensis (Billings), Skolithos isp., Spirodesmos isp., Thalassinoides suevicus (Rieth), and rhizoliths. The Palaeophycus ichnocoenose characterizes floodplain environments and occurs in purple mudstones and associated massive sandstone facies of crevasse-splay deposits and dark gray to green shale facies of abandoned channels. Palaeophycus tubularis Hall and Planolites montanus Richter are the most characteristic ichnotaxa, while Beaconites coronus (Frey, Pemberton and Fagerstrom), Planolites annularius Walcott, Skolithos magnus Howell, Thalassinoides paradoxicus (Woodward), and sauropod and ornithopod tracks also occur but in reduced numbers. The Chondrites ichnocoenose occurs in dark gray to black mudstones deposited in marginal lacustrine environments. It is dominated by Chondrites isp. type B. with associated Beaconites antarcticus Vyalov, Helminthopsis hieroglyphica, Palaeophycus tubularis, Skolithos magnus, Taenidium barretti, and Torrowangea rosei Webby. The three ichnocoenoses recognized herein cannot be satisfactorily assigned to currently defined nonmarine ichnofacies, suggesting that existing models of such ichnofacies are in need of additional refinement.     

河南登封寒武系第三统张夏组核形石与遗迹化石的耦合变化

河南登封关口剖面寒武系第三统张夏组下部碳酸盐岩中发育了大量的微生物成因的核形石和后生动物遗迹化石。在野外和显微镜下对核形石和遗迹化石进行观察,并统计它们在地层中所占比例,表明核形石和遗迹化石存在着耦合关系。下部地层以发育凝块石和形状不规则、纹层不连续、代表一种低能弱搅动水体的Ⅰ型核形石为主,不含遗迹化石,表明此时微生物在海洋生态系统中占主导地位。中部地层则以发育浑圆形、纹层连续的Ⅱ型核形石和遗迹化石Planolites为特征;而且随水体能量的增强,Planolites丰度逐渐升高,核形石丰度逐渐降低;二者的丰度变化说明后生动物的存在对核形石的数量有一定影响,但未破坏核形石的生长条件。上部地层发育大量Thalassinoides和生物扰动构造,缺乏核形石;后生动物对沉积基底进行反复扰动,彻底破坏了原始层理以及微生物造岩的环境,核形石消失。可见,在张夏组沉积时期,微生物与后生动物以及环境之间存在着特殊的相互作用关系。     

青海曲麻莱-治多地区巴颜喀拉山群(上三叠统)遗迹化石

首次对青海南部曲麻莱-治多地区巴颜喀拉山群上部(上三叠统)遗迹化石进行了系统采集,共采获遗迹化石33属54种。据遗迹化石的形态、习性、水深等环境成因特征,可划分为两类组合:一类以Cosmorhaphe,Helminthopsis,Helminthoida,Megagrapton,Paleodictyon等为主,产生于浊流事件前;另一类以Chondrites,Neo-nereites,Palaeophycus,Phycosiphon,Planolites,Zoophycos等为主,产生于浊流事件后,两者均为半深海-深海Nereites遗迹相的典型代表,反映晚三叠世研究区应为浊流沉积发育的复理石相沉积。     

北京昌平青白口系痕迹化石

北京昌平青白口系长龙山组和景儿峪组发育有丰富的痕迹化石,其中长龙山组产有Ｈｅｌｍｉｎｔｈｏｐｓｉｓ ｓｐ．,Ｃｏｃｈｌｉｃｈｎｕｓ ｓｐ．,代表潮下低能环境;景儿峪组产有Ｓｋｏｌｉｔｈｏｓ ｓｐ．和Ｍｏｎｏｃｒａｔｅｒｉｏｎ ｓｐ．,代表高能潮间环境。