长白山鹅膏菌肽类毒素的HPLC分析

采用HPLC法对长白山地区分布的10种鹅膏菌中的-鹅膏毒肽(-amanitin)、鹅膏毒肽(-amanitin)和鬼笔毒肽(phalloidin)3种毒素的含量进行了测定。结果表明:白鹅膏(A.verna)和鳞柄白鹅膏(A.virsa)中含有-amanitin和-amanitin两种毒素,二者-amanitin的含量分别为 1861.85g/g和2477.02g/g,均高于欧洲产毒鹅膏(A.phalloides)中的含量(1607g/g)而接近灰花纹鹅膏Amanita fuliginea中的量(2633.80g/g)。毒鹅膏A.phalloides中含有3种毒素,并且菌蕾中的含量高于成熟子实体,尤其菌蕾中Phalloidin的含量(1113.35g/g)是灰花纹鹅膏成熟子实体中(432.5g/g)的3倍。     

我国鹅膏菌新发现种--致命鹅膏(Amanita exitialis)的肽类毒素分析

采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)技术对在广州发现的鹅膏菌新种——致命鹅膏(Amanita exitialis)不同组织部位的肽类毒素(鹅膏毒肽和鬼笔毒肽)的含量进行了分析,结果表明,致命鹅膏是一种剧毒蘑菇,其毒素含量相当高,子实体中组织部位不同,毒素含量以及鹅膏毒肽和鬼笔毒肽在其中的分布也不一样,菌盖中的毒素含量最高,达8152．6μg／g干重,菌柄的毒素含量次之,为3742．3μg／g干重,菌托中的毒素含量最低,只有1142．5μg／g干重;在菌盖、菌柄和菌托中都以鹅膏毒肽为主,尤其以α-amanitin的相对含量最高,但从菌盖至菌柄到菌托,鬼笔毒肽尤其是Phallacidin的相对含量依次增加。     

7种鹅膏菌属真菌肽类毒素的HPLC分析

利用HPLC法对长白山地区分布的7种鹅膏属真菌成熟子实体中的α鹅膏毒肽(αamanitin)、β鹅膏毒肽(βamanitin)和鬼笔毒肽(phalloidin)的含量进行了测定。结果表明:芥橙黄鹅膏(Amanitasubjunquillea)和橙黄鹅膏(Amanitaaff.citrina)中均含有3种毒素,其中芥橙黄鹅膏的α鹅膏毒肽含量为2395.91μg/g、β鹅膏毒肽含量为1653.75μg/g和鬼笔毒肽含量为405.26μg/g;橙黄鹅膏的分别为1121μg/g、4244μg/g和9442μg/g。芥橙黄鹅膏白色变种(Amanitasubjunquilleavar.abla)中含有β鹅膏毒肽,其含量为614.00μg/g。其他5种鹅膏中均未检测到上述3种毒素。     

一种简便、快速测定鹅膏多肽毒素的方法—抑芽法

低浓度（5-10ngml^-1)的鹅膏毒肽（amatoxins)能专一性抑制RNA聚合酶Ⅱ的活性,高浓度（为RNA聚合酶Ⅱ10^3-10^4倍的浓度）也能抑制RNA聚合酶Ⅲ的活性,因而影响细胞mRNA的转录和蛋白质的合成,抑制种子的萌发和生长,根据此原理我们建立了一种以植物种子萌发试验检测鹅膏毒肽的方法,称之为“抑芽法”（bud-inhibited assay)。该方法简便、实用、准确,操作流程：45℃干燥至恒重的鹅膏菌等子实体菌盖;水提法提取毒素并用氯仿沉淀蛋白质等;粗毒液浓度为0.025-0.05gml^-1干子实体;萝卜或绿豆种子培养温度为28℃,培养时间为24-72h,绿豆芽下胚轴生长被抑制率在95%以上,可能为鹅膏毒肽含量高的剧毒鹅膏菌：当被抑制率在60-80%,可能为鹅膏肽含量较低的微毒鹅膏菌;当被抑制率在30%以下时,可能是不含鹅膏菌肽的鹅膏菌。     

长白山鹅膏菌肽类毒素的HPLC分析*

采用HPLC法对长白山地区分布的10种鹅膏菌中的-鹅膏毒肽(-amanitin)、鹅膏毒肽(-amanitin)和鬼笔毒肽(phalloidin)3种毒素的含量进行了测定。结果表明:白鹅膏(A.verna)和鳞柄白鹅膏(A.virsa)中含有-amanitin和-amanitin两种毒素,二者-amanitin的含量分别为 1861.85g/g和2477.02g/g,均高于欧洲产毒鹅膏(A.phalloides)中的含量(1607g/g)而接近灰花纹鹅膏Amanita fuliginea中的量(2633.80g/g)。毒鹅膏A.phalloides中含有3种毒素,并且菌蕾中的含量高于成熟子实体,尤其菌蕾中Phalloidin的含量(1113.35g/g)是灰花纹鹅膏成熟子实体中(432.5g/g)的3倍。     

西藏鹅膏菌属的分类研究

本文报告了西藏地区鹅膏菌属(Amanita)的真菌26种。其中灰鳞鹅膏菌(Amanita griseofarinosa Hongo),红鹅膏菌[A.parcivolvata(Peck)Glib.],浅杏黄鹅膏菌[A.Crocca(Quél.)Kühn.＆ Romagn.],黄赭毒鹅膏菌(A.flavorubescens Atk.),黄毒蝇鹅膏菌(A.flavoconia Atk.),史米斯鹅膏菌(A.smithiana Bas),褐黄鹅膏菌:(A.umbrinoluteaSeer.)等是我国新纪录种。西藏地区的首次新纪录13种。该属真菌均是树木的外生菌根真菌,有毒种多,具有重要的经济价值。     

我国28种鹅膏菌主要肽类毒素的检测分析

利用高效液相色谱(HPLC)技术对产于我国的28种鹅膏菌的主要肽类毒素(鹅膏毒肽和鬼笔毒肽)进行了检测分析,并和采于欧洲(德国)的毒鹅膏。Amanita phalloides作对照,结果表明,3种东亚所特有的鹅膏菌(灰花纹鹅膏、致命鹅膏和黄盖鹅膏白色变种)和欧洲毒鹅膏所含毒素种类多、含量高,其子实体菌盖部位主要毒素总量分别达到12583．7μg／g、8152．6μg／g、1058．2μg／g、7456．2μg／g干重子实体,这4种鹅膏菌可称之为剧毒鹅膏菌。其它25种鹅膏菌中有10种检测出含有微量鹅膏毒肽,含量在19．5μg／g—151．2μg/g之间。在4种剧毒鹅膏菌中,子实体组织部位不同,毒素含量以及鹅膏毒肽和鬼笔毒肽在其中的分布也不一样,菌盖中的毒素含量最高,菌柄的毒素含量次之,菌托中的毒素含量最低;对于灰花纹鹅膏、致命鹅膏和黄盖鹅膏白色变种,无论在菌盖、菌柄和菌托中,鹅膏毒肽类毒素的含量都高于鬼笔毒肽类毒素,尤其以α-amanitin的相对含量最高;而在欧洲毒鹅膏中,菌盖、菌柄和菌托中都以鬼笔毒肽为主,尤其以phallacidin的相对含量最高,并且从菌盖至菌柄到菌托,鬼笔毒肽的相对含量依次增加。     

我国鹅膏菌新发现种——致命鹅膏(Amanita exitialis)的肽类毒素分析

采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）技术对在广州发现的鹅膏菌新种——致命鹅膏(Amanita exitialis)不同组织部位的肽类毒素(鹅膏毒肽和鬼笔毒肽)的含量进行了分析,结果表明,致命鹅膏是一种剧毒蘑菇,其毒素含量相当高,子实体中组织部位不同,毒素含量以及鹅膏毒肽和鬼笔毒肽在其中的分布也不一样,菌盖中的毒素含量最高,达8152.6μg/g干重,菌柄的毒素含量次之,为3742.3μg/g干重,菌托中的毒素含量最低,只有1142.5μg/g干重;在菌盖、菌柄和菌托中都以鹅膏毒肽为主,尤其以αamanitin的相对含量最高,但从菌盖至菌柄到菌托,鬼笔毒肽尤其是Phallacidin的相对含量依次增加。     

鹅膏菌毒素及其毒理研究进展

鹅膏菌是一类真菌的 称,误食野生蘑菇的中毒事件中,９５％以上由鹅膏菌引起,国外自六十年代起,对其毒理进行了深入的研究,而国仙则只是在九十年代才刚开始这方面的工作。为促进国内鹅膏菌毒素毒理的研究,作者概括了国内外各方面的资料,写就本文。本文概述了鹅膏 多肽毒素的种类、鹅膏菌毒素中毒反应及病理学症状、机体对鹅膏菌毒素的吸收、鹅膏菌毒素的生和毒理以及鹅膏菌毒素在生命科学研究中的应用,为国内这方面的研究提     

α-鹅膏毒肽(α-AMA)的制备及其对肝癌细胞SMMC-7721和H_(22)荷瘤小鼠的抑瘤作用研究

<正>α-鹅膏毒肽(α-Amanitin,α-AMA)是鹅膏毒肽的一种,是RNA聚合酶Ⅱ的专一性抑制剂,在生命科学领域有着广泛的应用(张志光等1999)。在抗肿瘤方面α-AMA也有着很好的开发前景。曾有     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细