根系温度对番茄的影响（Ⅱ）—根系温度对番茄光合作用和水分代谢的影响

３０℃根温时蕃茄光合速率最大,根温降低或升高时,光合速率均降低。不同根温影响光合作用的机制不同,１５℃根温影响了叶绿素 含量及ａ／ｂ比;４０℃根温影响叶片水导、叶内ＣＯ２分压并引起光合产物在叶片中的积累;２０－３０℃根温时叶肉阻力等因素可能是光合作用的限制因子。３０℃根温时蕃茄蒸腾速率最大,水分利用率最小,根温降低或升高,蒸腾速率均下降,水分利用率升高。低根温时,气孔部分关闭;高根温时,气孔关闭的     

根系温度对番茄的影响（Ⅱ）———根系温度对蕃茄光合作用和水分代谢的影响

３０℃根温时蕃茄光合速率最大,根温降低或升高时,光合速率均降低。不同根温影响光合作用的机制不同,１５℃根温影响了叶绿素含量及ａ／ｂ比;４０℃根温影响叶片水导、叶内ＣＯ２分压并引起光合产物在叶片中的积累;２０－３０℃根温时叶肉阻力等因素可能是光合作用的限制因子。３０℃根温时蕃茄蒸腾速率最大,水分利用率最小,根温降低或升高,蒸腾速率均下降,水分利用率升高。低根温时,气孔部分关闭;高根温时,气孔关闭的同时根部阻力增大。     

根系温度对番茄的影响（I）—根温对番茄生长的影响

３０℃根温时番茄干物质积累和叶面积增长速率最大。根温升高或降低番茄生长减慢,高根温对其危害最大,且对根的伤害重于地上部。根温对叶片生长的影响与压力势关系不大,而与其弹性模量直接相关。３０℃根温时根系总吸收面积增加最快,２５℃根温时根系活性及收面积增加最快,４０℃根温时最慢。２５℃根温时单位重根吸收面积最低,４０℃根温时最大。低温根时根的活性吸收面积百分比变大,根系所占比重变大,根系生长受根温影响相     

根系温度对苋菜生长及光合特性的影响

气候室中研究了根温对苋菜幼苗生长及光合等生理特性的影响。结果表明,苋菜幼苗生曲线呈Ｓ形,３０ｄ苗龄时生长最快,４０ｄ苗龄时每株干、鲜重分别为０．４５ｇ和６．７９ｇ。２０－２５℃根温时４０ｄ苗龄苋菜生长最快,高根温对生长的危害大于低根温,４０℃根温苋菜根系生长、代谢受害严重。苋菜净光合速率（Ｐｎ）、蒸腾速率（Ｔｒ）、气孔导度（Ｃｓ）和胞间ＣＯ２分压（Ｐｉ）随根温的变化趋势基本一致,２０－２５℃根温时     

根系温度对蕃茄的影响（Ⅰ）

３０℃根温时蕃茄干物质积累和叶面积增长速率最大。根温升高或降低蕃茄生长减慢,高根温对其危害最大,且对根的伤害重于地上部。根温对叶片生长的影响与压力势关系不大,而与其弹性模量直接相关。３０℃根温时根系总吸收面积增加最快,２５℃根温时根系活性吸收面积增加最快,４０℃根温时最慢。２５℃根温时单位重根吸收面积最低,４０℃根温时最大。低根温时根的活性吸收面积百分比变大,根系所占比重变大,根系生长受根温影响相对较小,蕃茄通过功能补偿作用对不良根温做出了适应性反应。     

四合木(Tetraena mongolica)水分参数季节变化及生境间差异

运用PV技术对5个不同生境四合木水分参数（ψs^sal、ψs^tlp、ROWC^tlp、RWC^tlp如、AWC、Va／Vo和ε^max）的季节动态（5、7、9月份）及生境间差异性进行研究。结果表明：（1）四合木水分参数ψs^sal、ψs^tlp值较低,AWC、Va／Vo值较高,体现荒漠灌木四合木较强的干旱适应性特点。（2）四合木主要水分参数ψs^sal、ψs^tlp值及ε^max表现为5月份〉7月份〉9月份,AWC、Va,Vo表现为5月份〈7月份〈9月份,四合木耐旱性随5月份、7月份、9月份递增,这种季节变化规律与植物生长发育的节律相吻合,即与物候的进程一致。（3）对5个生境四合木（低山、台地、丘陵、高平原、倾斜平原）耐旱性排序,得出倾斜平原、高平原〉丘陵〉台地〉低山,将3个月份5个不同生境四合木水分参数进行聚类。结果低山、台地、丘陵四合木为一类,高平原、倾斜平原四合木为一类。方差分析表明：3个月份ψs^sal值、ψs^tlp值和AWC值均表现为高平原、倾斜平原四合木显著低于低山、台地、丘陵四合木。不同生境四合木的渗透调节机制不同,倾斜平原和高平原的四合木其体内通过增加细胞质浓度进行渗透调节能力较强（较低的ψs^tlp值和ψs^sal）;而生境为低山、台地和丘陵四合木抗脱水能力较强（较大的AWC值）。     

5-氨基乙酰丙酸对NaCl胁迫下番茄幼苗光合特性的影响

为探讨5-氨基乙酰丙酸（ALA）对NaCl胁迫下番茄光合特性的调控作用,以‘金鹏一号’番茄幼苗为试材,研究叶面喷施50 mg·L^-1或根施10 mg·L^-1 ALA对100 mmol·L^-1 NaCl胁迫下番茄幼苗光合及叶绿素荧光参数的影响.结果表明： NaCl胁迫下,番茄幼苗光合气体交换参数（净光合速率P_n、气孔导度g_s、胞间CO₂浓度C_i、蒸腾速率T_r）及叶绿素荧光参数（实际光化学量子产量F_v′/F_m′、F_m′、PSⅡ反应中心实际光化学效率Φ_PSⅡ、表观光合电子传递效率ETR、光化学淬灭q_P、光化学反应Pc）均显著降低,根施或叶施ALA均可以提高NaCl胁迫下番茄叶片的光合能力,但两种处理方式之间存在一定差异.叶面喷施50 mg·L^-1ALA或根施10 mg·L^-1ALA处理均显著提高了番茄叶片P_n、T_r、g_s和C_i,提高了水分利用效率（WUE）,显著增加了NaCl胁迫下叶片的最大净光合速率,减轻了光抑制.根施ALA对叶绿素含量的作用效果较好,而叶施ALA对光合参数的作用效果较好,两处理叶绿素荧光参数差异不显著.叶面喷施或根施ALA可以提高番茄幼苗的耐盐性,其调控作用与促进叶绿素合成与稳定、维持正常气孔开闭、降低气孔限制,进而提高NaCl胁迫下番茄叶片的光合能力和PSⅡ光化学效率有关.
     

根系温度对苋菜生长及光合特性的影响

气候室中研究了根温对苋菜幼苗生长及光合等生理特性的影响。结果表明,苋菜幼苗生长曲线呈S形, 30d苗龄时生长最快, 40d苗龄时每株干、鲜重分别为0.45g和6.79g。20~25℃根温时40d苗龄苋菜生长最快,高根温对生长的危害大于低根温, 40℃根温苋菜根系生长、代谢受害严重。苋菜净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Cs)和胞间CO2分压(Pi)随根温的变化趋势基本一致, 20~25℃根温时,Cs、Pi、Pn和Tr均高,不良根温影响了Cs,使Tr降低, Pi降低,进而影响到Pn。回归分析表明, Pn与Cs、Pn与Pi、Tr与Cs、Pi与Cs均呈显著正相关。说明Cs下降是不良根温影响Pn的主要原因。     

水分对番茄不同叶龄叶片光合作用的影响

以番茄品种"金棚1号"为材料,采用盆栽方式,按照蒸腾蒸发量(ET)的50%、75%、100%和125%作为补充灌溉量研究了不同水分下番茄结果期叶片气体交换特性和光响应特征参数随叶龄的变化。结果表明:番茄叶片随着叶龄的增加,净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)逐渐降低,水分利用效率(WUE)呈先上升后下降趋势;叶龄为18 d和29 d的叶片最大净光合速率(Pmax)随灌溉量的增加均先增加后降低,分别在75%ET和100%ET处理达到最大值。叶龄为38 d和47 d的叶片Pmax均以125%ET处理最大。表观量子效率(α)随叶龄的增大也先升高后下降,在叶龄为38 d时最大;番茄叶片的光饱和点(LSP)随叶龄的加大而减小。不同水分处理下不同叶龄叶片的光响应特征参数为:叶片在叶龄为18 d时,Pmax为20.64—26.73μmol.m-.2s-1,α为0.0518—0.0556;叶龄为29 d时,Pmax为11.00—24.24μmol.m-.2s-1,α为0.0522—0.0594;叶龄为38 d时,Pmax为11.77—18.18μmol.m-.2s-1,α为0.0619—0.0693;叶龄为47 d时,Pmax为9.09—18.17μmol.m-.2s-1,α为0.0538—0.0606。随叶龄加大,增加补充灌溉量有利于延缓叶片光合能力的降低。气孔限制是水分影响番茄叶片光合作用的主要因素,气孔限制与非气孔限制因素是番茄叶片Pn随叶龄变化的原因。     

条锈菌侵染过程中小麦叶片水分关系的变化

以条绣菌２９号小种（ＣＹ－２９）及其弱毒突变菌系（ＣＹ２９－ｍｕｔ３）分期接种小麦幼苗一叶,同期对条锈菌侵染过程中亲和性反应与不亲和性反应寄主－病原组合接种叶片水分关系的变化进行测定。结果表明,两种组合间存在显著的差异。亲和性反应寄主病叶的主要变化如下：（１）潜育期气孔开放受到明显抑制,压力势（ψＰ）轻微升高;（２）显症至产孢前病叶叶片扩散阻力（ＬＤＲ）、相对含水量（ＲＷＣ）和ψＰ轻微下降,蒸腾速     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细