豆乳凝固酶产生菌UV-10发酵条件及其酶学性质的研究

豆乳凝固酶产生菌Bacillussp .UV 1 0的最适产酶条件 :初始pH6 4,温度 2 6℃ ,培养时间 1 9h ,需要较大的通气量。酶的最适作用pH和温度分别为 5 8和 70℃。在最适条件下酶活力可达 1 84u/mL。pH6 0～ 7 0稳定性较好。 6 0℃下 1h残余酶活 6 0 %。Ca²⁺,Fe²⁺,Mg²⁺,Na⁺对其有较强的激活作用 ,而Zn²⁺,Al相似文献   

莱氏野村菌产几丁质酶条件及酶学性质研究

对莱氏野村菌(Nomuraea rileyi)菌株CQ031021产几丁质酶条件及酶学性质进行了研究。结果表明:该菌株最适产酶碳源为2.0%(W/V)葡萄糖,氮源为1.2%(W/V)复合氮源(蛋白胨、牛肉膏按1∶1的比例),接种量为孢悬液2mL(1×107个/mL),培养温度28℃,培养液初始pH6.0,培养时间6d;一定浓度的吐温-80对几丁质酶活性有促进作用,而SDS有抑制作用;粗酶液最适反应温度50℃,最适pH6.0,在40℃以下及pH5.5～6.5范围内酶活力较稳定。     

不同真菌漆酶的性质研究

为了更好开发利用漆酶,用邻联甲苯胺法比较分析了彩绒革盖菌、毛栓菌和多孔菌在液体培养时的产酶曲线、酶作用的最适pH值、最适酶解温度及无机离子对酶活的影响。结果表明,不同漆酶产酶曲线不同,彩绒革盖菌和多孔菌,第9d达产酶高峰,峰值活力分别达395.6u/ml和412.2u/ml;毛栓菌,第11d达到产酶高峰,峰值本科活较不同真菌漆酶的性质研究高达554.6u/ml。漆酶性质有明显差别,最适酶解温度不同,彩绀革盖菌和多孔菌漆酶最适酶解温度为25℃;毛栓菌为30℃;最适酶解pH值有差异,彩绒革盖菌漆酶最适酶解,pH值为4.5,毛栓菌为4.0,多孔菌为4.2;不同离子对酶活的影响不同;K^、Zn^2 、对彩绒革盖菌所产漆酶有激活作用;K^ 、Zn^2 、Cu^2 对毛栓菌所产漆酶有激活作用;Mn^2 、Mg^2 对多孔菌所产漆酶有激活作用;Ag^ 、Fe^3 对三种菌所产漆本科均有明显抑制作用。     

豆乳凝固醇产生菌UV—10发酵条件及其酶学性质的研究

豆乳凝固醇产生菌Bacillus sp.UV-10的最适产酶条件,初始pH6.4,温度26℃,培养时间19h,需要较大的通气量,酶的最适作用pH和温度分别为5．8和70℃,在最适条件下酶活力可达1.84u/mL,pH6.0-7.0稳定性较好,60℃下1h残余酶活60％,Ca^2 ,Fe^2 ,Mg^2 ,Na^2 对其有较强的激活作用,而Zn^2 ,Al^3 则有抑制作用。     

木霉GXC产β-葡聚糖酶条件和酶学性质

研究了木霉GXC产 β 葡聚糖酶的条件。结果表明 ,最适产酶碳源为麸皮 ,氮源为硫酸铵 ;产酶的最适条件为 :初始pH为 4 0～ 5 0 ,30℃培养 44h。粗酶液经硫酸铵沉淀、SephadexG 2 5、SephadexG 1 0 0和DEAE SephadexA 50柱层析得到纯β 葡聚糖酶 ,SDS PAGE凝胶电泳显示一条带 ,测得分子量为 35kD。该酶最适反应pH5 0 ,最适反应温度为 60℃ ,在 40℃以下、pH4 0～ 5 0酶活力相对稳定。 5 0mmol L以下的Ca²⁺、Zn²⁺和Fe²⁺,以及 1 0 0mmol L以下的Co²⁺对酶活力有激活作用 ;而Cu²⁺和Fe³⁺具有抑制作用。     

胞外弹性蛋白酶产生菌的筛选及酶的纯化

从土壤中筛选到132株能分泌胞外弹性蛋白酶的细菌,经复筛得5株产酶在100u/ml以上,其中No.17-87菌每毫升发酵液含酶120单位,经鉴定为芳香黄杆菌。该菌在26℃发酵21小时酶产量即达峰值。从发酵液中分离纯化得到聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳均一的酶制品。SDS-PAGE测得分子量为21300,最适作用温度为50℃,最适作用pH为7.4,在pH4.5—9.5范围内稳定,重金属离子Fe^(3+)、Zn^(2+)、Cu^(2+)、Cr^(3+)、CO^(2+)、Ni^(2+)、Hg^(2+)和Ag^+等严重抑制酶活性。     

副球菌WB1菌株肌酸酶的研究

从恒化富集培养物中分离到一株产肌酸酶的菌株WB1,通过对该菌的形态学、生理生化特性、G+C mol%及16S rDNA序列分析,表明该菌为一株副球菌(Paracoccus sp.)。对菌株WB1产酶发酵条件的研究表明,该菌除了产生肌酸酶外还产生肌氨酸脱氢酶,但不产生肌酸酐酶,也不能利用肌酸酐。肌酸酶可以被诱导物,如肌氨酸、肌酸、和氯化胆碱诱导产生。葡萄糖等易用碳源的存在对肌酸酶的合成无代谢产物阻遏作用。该酶的分子量为48kD,最适反应pH为7.0～8.5,pH稳定范围在6.0～9.5之间;其最适反应温度在35℃～40℃之间,在45℃以下是热稳定的; 37℃时以肌酸为底物,酶的Km值为24.6mmol/L;Cu2+、Hg2+和Ag+对酶活性有强烈的抑制作用。     

黄杆菌(Flavobacterium sp.)几丁质酶的纯化和性质

黄杆菌(Flavobacteium sp.)在几丁质的诱导下产生几丁质酶.通过(NH_4)_2SO_4沉淀、DEAE纤维素柱层析、Sephacryl 300柱层析及Sephadex G-75柱层析,从Flavobacterium sp.培养上清液中分离纯化了几丁质酶.SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)纯度分析表明,纯化后的几丁质酶达到了均一的程度.用SDS-PAGE测得该酶的分子量约45D00道尔顿.该酶水解几丁质的最适pH为 7.0,最适温度为50℃,-20C贮存两年以上仍有活性.水解几丁质的Km值为5.0mg/ml.金属离子对几丁质酶活性影响较大,Ca~(2+) 、Co~(2+)’和Cu~(2+)对酶有激活作用.而NH_4~-、Ba~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、Mn~(2+)对酶有抑制作用.几丁质酶水解几丁质的产物是几丁质二糖.     

地衣芽孢杆菌TG116胞外蛋白酶产酶条件与酶学性质

【背景】从独角莲中分离得到的地衣芽孢杆菌TG116是一株对植物病原菌具有广谱抗性作用的生防菌株。【目的】优化TG116的产酶条件并探索其酶学性质,进一步了解其抗菌机制。【方法】采用Folin-Phenol显色法与响应曲面法,优化菌株TG116的产酶条件并研究其蛋白酶的酶学性质。【结果】菌株TG116产酶最适条件为:温度40.83°C,p H 8.01,发酵时间53.74 h,增加通气量可以显著提高酶活力。按照优化后的条件培养48 h后,上清液蛋白酶活力从57.46 U/mL达到了254.07 U/mL。酶学性质研究表明:该酶为碱性蛋白酶,最适反应pH为8.5,最适反应温度为50°C,具有良好的温度和pH稳定性,EDTA对酶活具有强烈的抑制作用,金属离子Mg~(2+)、Ca~(2+)、Na~+、Co~(2+)、K~+等对酶活也具有一定的抑制作用。【结论】菌株TG116具有良好的p H与温度稳定性,在实际应用中蛋白酶不易失活,可以分解真菌的细胞壁蛋白成分,破坏细胞壁结构,从而抑制甚至杀死病原菌,达到抗菌作用。     

毛霉脂肪酶的研究

从土样中分离筛选到一株脂肪酶菌株—毛霉(Mucor sp.)M₂,其优化后的培养基组成(%);黄豆粉4.0、蔗糖0.5、橄榄油1.0、硫酸铵0.1、磷酸氢二钾0.2硫酸镤0.01、pH自然。产酶最适条件：初始pH6.5、培养温度28℃、培养周期96h.该酶最适作用温度50℃、最适pH8.0、pH稳定范围为7.0～10.0,Fe²⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、K⁺对酶有激活作用。     

Differential induction, purification and characterization of cold active lipase from Yarrowia lipolytica NCIM 3639

The production, purification and characterization of cold active lipases by Yarrowia lipolytica NCIM 3639 is described. The study presents a new finding of production of cell bound and extracellular lipase activities depending upon the substrate used for growth. The strain produced cell bound and extracellular lipase activity when grown on olive oil and Tween 80, respectively. The organism grew profusely at 20 °C and at initial pH of 5.5, producing maximum extracellular lipase. The purified lipase has a molecular mass of 400 kDa having 20 subunits forming a multimeric native protein. Further the enzyme displayed an optimum pH of 5.0 and optimum temperature of 25 °C. Peptide mass finger printing reveled that some peptides showed homologues sequence (42%) to Yarrowia lipolytica LIP8p. The studies on hydrolysis of racemic lavandulyl acetate revealed that extracellular and cell bound lipases show preference over the opposite antipodes of irregular monoterpene, lavandulyl acetate.     

Burkholderia cepacia lipase: A versatile catalyst in synthesis reactions

The lipase from Burkholderia cepacia, formerly known as Pseudomonas cepacia lipase, is a commercial enzyme in both soluble and immobilized forms widely recognized for its thermal resistance and tolerance to a large number of solvents and short‐chain alcohols. The main applications of this lipase are in transesterification reactions and in the synthesis of drugs (because of the properties mentioned above). This review intends to show the features of this enzyme and some of the most relevant aspects of its use in different synthesis reactions. Also, different immobilization techniques together with the effect of various compounds on lipase activity are presented. This lipase shows important advantages over other lipases, especially in reaction media including solvents or reactions involving short‐chain alcohols.     

Immobilization of Candida rugosa lipase on colloidal gas aphrons (CGAs)

A novel technique for immobilization of Candida rugosa lipase onto anionic colloidal gas aphrons (CGAs) is described. CGAs are spherical microbubbles (10-100 microm) composed of an inner gas core surrounded by a surfactant shell. In this initial study, greater than 80% lipase (w/w) was effectively retained on the CGAs. Leakage of protein from the CGAs and the activity of the adsorbed lipase decreased with increasing enzyme loading; this indicates that multilayers of lipase may be adsorbing onto the CGAs. The CGA-immobilised lipase displayed normal Michaelis-Menten dependence on substrate concentration and also exhibited greater activity than the free enzyme.     

Synthesis of Several Fructo-oligosaccharides by Asparagus Fructosyltransferases

Nine fructo-oligosaccharides, synthesized in vitro from sucrose by an enzyme preparation from asparagus roots, were isolated and their structures were elucidated to be 1^F (1-β-fructofuranosyl)_n sucrose [n = 1 (1-kestose), 2 (nystose) and 3], 6^G (1-β-fructofuranosyl)_n sucrose [n=1 (neokestose), 2 and 3] and 1^F (1-β-fructofuranosyl)_m-6^G (1-β-fructofuranosyl)_n sucrose [m=1, n=1; m=2, n =1; and m =1, n=2]. These saccharides are all known to occur naturally in asparagus roots, but 6^G (1-β-fructofuranosyl)₃ sucrose and 1^F (1-β-fructofuranosyl)_m-6^G-(1-β-fructofuranosyl)_n sucrose (m=1, n =1; and m=1, n=2) were the first saccharides enzymatically synthesized in vitro. Also three types of fructosyltransferases were presumed to be involved in the biosynthesis of these oligosaccharides in asparagus roots.     

ATGL调节细胞内脂质代谢和代谢相关疾病

脂肪组织甘油三酯水解酶(adipose triglyceride lipase, ATGL)是一种催化甘油三酯第一步水解的重要脂肪酶,在机体能量代谢调节中发挥重要作用.本文介绍了ATGL的基因和蛋白质结构,并详细综述了ATGL的功能调控和与其相关联疾病的研究进展,最后通过与激素敏感脂肪酶(HSL)比较,对ATGL的特征进行总结.     

Improved catalytic properties of immobilized lipases by the presence of very low concentrations of detergents in the reaction medium

The addition of a very small concentration of a detergent (in many instances under the critical micellar concentration (cmc)) has been found to greatly increase the activity of immobilized lipases, using those from Pseudomonas fluorescens (PFL) and Candida antarctica (isoform B) as model enzymes. However, the detergents may also have a negative effect on enzyme activity; in fact, for all enzyme preparations and substrates the activity/detergent concentration curve reached a maximum value and started to decrease, in many instances even under the initial value. The concentration and nature of the detergent (SDS, CTAB, Triton X-100, or X-45) that permitted the maximum hyperactivation was different depending on the substrate. The best hyperactivation values promoted by the presence of detergent were over a 20-fold factor. The presence of detergents permitted the inhibition of lipases by irreversible covalent inhibitors (e.g., 4-(2-aminoethyl)benzenesulfonyl fluoride hydrochloride) (AEBSF) while the enzyme, in the absence of detergent, is not inhibited by these irreversible inhibitors. This suggested that the main effect of the detergents is to shift the conformational equilibrium of lipases toward the open form. Moreover, the presence of detergents also permitted to improve the enantioselectivity exhibited by the immobilized lipases in some cases. For example, the enantioselectivity of PFL-glyoxyl agarose increased from 40 to more than 100 in the hydrolysis of (+/-)-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyric acid ethyl ester by using 0.1% CTAB.     

Inhibition of the Acid Lipase Activity by Apolipoprotein A-I in the Presence of Lysosomal Proteases

It was found that the inhibition of the lysosomal acid lipase activity by rat apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) was increased with the degradation of apo A-I by the lysosomal proteases. We demonstrated that apo A-I could effectively inhibit the acid lipase activity even in the presence of the lysosomal proteases using the hepatic lysosomal fraction.     

酵母脂肪酶的制备及应用新进展

脂肪酶是工业领域应用非常广泛的一类绿色生物催化剂,由于脂肪酶可催化酯水解、酯化、转酯化、醇解和氨解等多种反应,在食品加工,有机合成,制备生物柴油等方面均得到了较为广泛的应用,是目前的研究热点.微生物是脂肪酶的重要来源之一,其中酵母脂肪酶被认为是非常安全的一类脂肪酶,也是应用最为广泛的一类脂肪酶.该文介绍了酵母脂肪酶的制备和应用研究概况,重点综述了其在多个应用领域中的最新研究进展.挖掘更多的新型高活性脂肪酶,降低脂肪酶的生产成本,提高酶的重复使用率是今后脂肪酶应用研究亟待解决的问题.     

Biochemical and pharmacological characterization of human α/β-hydrolase domain containing 6 (ABHD6) and 12 (ABHD12)

In the central nervous system, three enzymes belonging to the serine hydrolase family are thought to regulate the life time of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (C20:4) (2-AG). From these, monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is well characterized and, on a quantitative basis, is the main 2-AG hydrolase. The postgenomic proteins α/β-hydrolase domain containing (ABHD)6 and ABHD12 remain poorly characterized. By applying a sensitive fluorescent glycerol assay, we delineate the substrate preferences of human ABHD6 and ABHD12 in comparison with MAGL. We show that the three hydrolases are genuine MAG lipases; medium-chain saturated MAGs were the best substrates for hABHD6 and hMAGL, whereas hABHD12 preferred the 1 (3)- and 2-isomers of arachidonoylglycerol. Site-directed mutagenesis of the amino acid residues forming the postulated catalytic triad (ABHD6: S148-D278-H306, ABHD12: S246-D333-H372) abolished enzymatic activity as well as labeling with the active site serine-directed fluorophosphonate probe TAMRA-FP. However, the role of D278 and H306 as residues of the catalytic core of ABHD6 could not be verified because none of the mutants showed detectable expression. Inhibitor profiling revealed striking potency differences between hABHD6 and hABHD12, a finding that, when combined with the substrate profiling data, should facilitate further efforts toward the design of potent and selective inhibitors, especially those targeting hABHD12, which currently lacks such inhibitors.     

解脂耶氏酵母脂肪酶LIP4和LIP5在毕赤酵母中的异源表达及酶学性质

【目的】克隆解脂耶氏酵母(Yarrowia lipolytica)脂肪酶LIP4和LIP5的cDNA序列,研究其基因结构,并实现其在毕赤酵母中的功能表达,以探讨其酶学性质。【方法】利用反转录PCR首次扩增LIP4和LIP5的编码基因,用SignalP 3.0分析其基因序列,然后分别构建胞内表达载体pPIC3.5K-Lip4、pPIC3.5K-Lip5和胞外表达载体pPIC9K-Lip4、pPIC9K-Lip5,将其转入毕赤酵母GS115中表达,以NTA树脂纯化酶蛋白,研究其酶学性质。【结果】cDNA序列测序结果显示两者均不含内含子,酶蛋白的氨基酸序列中含有典型脂肪酶的活性三联体结构和五肽保守区;酶学性质研究表明,两者的最适底物均为癸酸(C8)对硝基苯酚酯,最适pH为7.0,最适温度为40℃,但LIP4对pH和温度更敏感;两者均能被Ca2+激活,且LIP5还能为Mg2+激活,但均被Hg2+、乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)和苯甲基磺酰氟(PMSF)强烈抑制。【结论】首次克隆了解脂耶氏酵母脂肪酶LIP4和LIP5编码基因,实现了其在毕赤酵母中的活性表达,并初步研究了其酶学性质,为上述脂肪酶的应用及进一步深入研究解脂耶氏酵母脂肪酶家族奠定了基础。