谷氨酰胺对体外培养人小肠上皮细胞缺氧复氧损伤的保护作用

应用原代培养人胎小肠上皮细胞（ＩＥＣ）,观察了谷氨酰胺（ＧＬＮ）对缺氧复氧（Ａ／Ｒ）损伤人ＩＥＣ的影响。结果：缺氧６０ｍｉｎ复氧３０ｍｉｎ后,细胞内乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）漏出量显著上升,细胞存活率显著下降。预先应用１～５ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＧＬＮ可使Ａ／Ｒ损伤ＩＥＣ细胞存活率升高和细胞内ＬＤＨ漏出量减少,ＧＬＮ作用的最佳剂量为２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ。提示ＧＬＮ对人ＩＥＣ具有直接的保护作用,这可能是其整体保护作用机制之一。     

离体大鼠心肌细胞钠超负荷与缺氧—复氧损伤

本工作在离体成年大鼠心肌细胞缺氧-复氧模型上,观察到细胞无氧孵育时加入Na~ -K~ ATP酶抑制剂哇巴因,增加细胞内钠离子浓度,复氧孵育后造成了更严重的细胞损伤及钙超负荷,缺氧期末细胞内钠离子浓度与复氧后钙超负荷的程度呈显著正相关。复氧期给予Na~ -Ca~(2 )交换抑制剂Mn~(2 ),明显减轻了细胞的缺氧-复氧损伤,Mn~(2 )还显著抑制了无钠孵育引起的细胞损伤。结果提示:缺氧期细胞内钠超负荷是复氧时细胞内钙超负荷发生的条件,Na~ -Ca~(2 )交换是Ca~(2 )进入细胞的重要途径。     

番茄红素对大鼠乳鼠心肌细胞缺氧复氧的保护作用以及其机制

目的：探讨番茄红素对心肌细胞缺氧复氧的保护作用以及其分子机制。方法：采用原代培养心肌细胞建立缺氧/复氧损伤模型,实验分8组：正常对照组,H/R组,H/R＋番茄红素（1,2,4,8,16,32μmol/L）剂量组。观察各组细胞经H/R损伤后,细胞内天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、肌酸激酶（CK）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量的变化情况,选择正常对照组,H/R组,最佳番茄红素剂量组做MTT分析细胞凋亡,Western检测TRL 4以及NF-κB的表达。结果：番茄红素（16,8,4,2μmol/L）剂量组可显著降低缺氧/复氧损伤心肌细胞内AST、CK、LDH释放量及MDA的生成,并能提高SOD活性。此外番茄红素可减少心肌细胞缺氧/复氧损伤后的心肌凋亡,减少TRL 4受体以及NF-κB的表达。结论：番茄红素具有抗缺氧/复氧损伤,保护心肌细胞的作用,其机制可能是通过抑制TRL 4通路来实现的。     

番茄红素对大鼠乳鼠心肌细胞缺氧复氧的保护作用以及其机制

目的:探讨番茄红素对心肌细胞缺氧复氧的保护作用以及其分子机制。方法:采用原代培养心肌细胞建立缺氧/复氧损伤模型,实验分8组:正常对照组,H/R组,H/R+番茄红素(1,2,4,8,16,32μmol/L)剂量组。观察各组细胞经H/R损伤后,细胞内天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、肌酸激酶(CK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化情况,选择正常对照组,H/R组,最佳番茄红素剂量组做MTT分析细胞凋亡,Western检测TRL 4以及NF-κB的表达。结果:番茄红素(16,8,4,2μmol/L)剂量组可显著降低缺氧/复氧损伤心肌细胞内AST、CK、LDH释放量及MDA的生成,并能提高SOD活性。此外番茄红素可减少心肌细胞缺氧/复氧损伤后的心肌凋亡,减少TRL 4受体以及NF-κB的表达。结论:番茄红素具有抗缺氧/复氧损伤,保护心肌细胞的作用,其机制可能是通过抑制TRL 4通路来实现的。     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对乳鼠心肌细胞缺氧复氧损伤的影响

本实验在培养的乳鼠心肌细胞缺氧复氧损伤模型上观察碱性纤维细胞生长因子对Ａ／Ｒ损伤及蛋白激酶活性的影响,以探讨ｂＥＧＦ作为药物预处理心肌保护的可行性及其机理。结果表明,ｂＥＧＦ预处理呈浓度依赖地提高Ａ／Ｒ后心肌细胞存活率,减少细胞内ＡＴＰ消耗及胞浆乳酸脱氢酶漏出;ＰＫＣ抑制剂Ｈ７完全消除ｇＦＧＦ的上述保护作用;实验结果表明,ｂＦＧＦ可以直接激活心肌细胞ＰＫＣ,其激活时相的变化与缺氧预处理者相近,提示     

Homer1b/c在缺氧复氧损伤神经元中的保护作用研究

目的:探讨Homer1b/c在缺氧复氧损伤神经元中的作用。方法:构建pc DNA3.1-Homer1b/c质粒和Homer1b/c si RNA,过表达及si RNA干扰Neuro-2a细胞中Homer1b/c的水平,western blot分析观察上调及下调Homer1b/c后Homer1b/c的蛋白表达变化,再予细胞缺氧复氧损伤处理,观察细胞生存率、乳酸脱氢酶(Lactic dehydrogenase,LDH)释放量及caspase-3活性的变化。结果:过表达及si RNA干扰Homer1b/c后,Homer1b/c的蛋白水平分别较正常组明显增高及降低(P值分别0.01),提示过表达及干扰Homer1b/c的效果均明显,分别能明显提高及降低Homer1b/c的水平。在缺氧复氧损伤条件下,Homer1b/c过表达组较空质粒转染组,其细胞生存率明显增加,LDH释放量、caspase-3活性明显降低(P值分别0.05);相反,下调Homer1b/c的水平后,与control si RNA转染组相比,细胞生存率明显降低,而LDH释放量和caspase-3活性明显增加(P值分别0.05)。结论:Homer1b/c在缺氧复氧损伤神经元中具有神经保护作用。     

细胞粘附分子在中性粒细胞介导的缺氧／复氧心肌细胞损伤中的作用

目的观察缺氧/复氧对心肌细胞与中性粒细胞粘附效应的影响及细胞间粘附分子-1(intercellularadhensionmolecule-1,ICAM-1)和淋巴细胞功能相关抗原-1(lymphocytefunctionassociatedantigen-1,LFA-1)在中性粒细胞介导的心肌细胞损伤的作用。方法计数不同实验条件下与心肌细胞粘附的中性粒细胞;以及抗ICAM-1单抗和抗LFA-1单抗阻断后中性粒细胞粘附数的改变,检测心肌细胞乳酸脱氢酶释放量。结果中性粒细胞与缺氧/复氧心肌细胞粘附数较缺氧组和正常对照组显著增加(P＜0.01);心肌细胞释放LDH明显增高(P＜0．01),单纯缺氧组与正常对照组相比无显著差异(P＞0．05)。加入抗ICAM-1单抗和抗LFA-1单抗后,缺氧/复氧组与心肌细胞粘附的中性粒细胞数较正常对照组显著降低(P<0．01),心肌细胞释放LDH也明显下降(P＜0．01)。缺氧组与正常对照组相比则无显著差异(P＞0.05)。结论缺氧/复氧使心肌细胞与中性粒细胞粘附效应增加,心肌细胞损伤加重,ICAM-1和LFA-1参与这一过程。抗ICAM-1和抗LFA-1单抗可减轻中性粒细胞对缺氧/复氧心肌细胞的损伤。     

乳酸对培养大鼠大脑皮层神经元缺氧/复氧损伤的影响

目的:观察不同浓度乳酸对原代培养大鼠大脑皮层神经元缺氧/复氧(H/R)损伤的影响及其机制。方法:原代培养大鼠大脑皮层神经元缺氧8、12、24h后在培养液中添加不同浓度乳酸(终浓度分别为0、0.5、1.0、2.0、5.0mmol/L),复氧24h,以细胞存活率和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)释放量为指标,观察不同浓度乳酸对神经元H/R损伤的影响,并以盐酸模拟乳酸解离的H 的作用,探讨乳酸对大脑皮层神经元H/R损伤影响的机制。结果:5.0mmol/L乳酸和盐酸引起常氧神经元损伤并加重神经元H/R损伤;1.0mmol/L乳酸对缺氧12h和24h神经元H/R损伤具有保护作用,相同浓度盐酸对神经元H/R损伤无影响。结论:较低浓度乳酸对神经元H/R损伤具有保护作用,其机制与H 的作用无关;较高浓度乳酸加重神经元H/R损伤,其机制可能包括H 的作用。     

藏药镰形棘豆对缺氧/复氧H_9C_2心肌细胞损伤的保护作用

探讨藏药镰形棘豆(OFB)提取物对缺氧/复氧(H/R)H_9C_2心肌细胞损伤的保护作用。方法:采用三气培养箱培养法建立H_9C_2心肌细胞缺氧/复氧损伤模型。实验分为3组:正常细胞对照组;缺氧/复氧损伤组(H/R);7个药物加缺氧/复氧损伤组(H/R+OFB);于缺氧/复氧开始时分别加入终浓度为0.1 mg/L、1 mg/L、10 mg/L、100 mg/L、300 mg/L、600 mg/L、1 000 mg/L的镰形棘豆提取物,以细胞活力为指标,利用MTS法测定药物对细胞活力的影响。检测镰形棘豆乙酸乙酯水甲醇压柱组分与氯仿萃取组分不同给药剂量对H_9C_2心肌细胞缺氧/复氧损伤的影响。结果:与模型组相比药物处理组显著升高缺氧/复氧H_9C_2心肌细胞活力(p0.05)。结论:藏药镰形棘豆对H_9C_2心肌细胞的缺氧/复氧损伤有保护作用。     

microRNA-21在大鼠心肌缺氧复氧损伤中的作用及其对细胞自噬的影响

本文应用大鼠心肌细胞缺氧/复氧损伤模型,探讨microRNA-21(miR-21)在大鼠心肌缺氧复氧损伤中的作用及其对细胞自噬的影响.缺氧复氧后,RT-PCR检测发现心肌miR-21表达上调(P0.05),流式细胞术检测表明细胞凋亡增加,RT-PCR及蛋白质印迹(Western blot)检测发现p62显著下调而beclin-1显著上调(P0.05),提示缺氧复氧诱导心肌细胞凋亡和自噬异常.脂质体转染miR-21 mimic后,细胞凋亡显著增加(P0.05),p62显著上调而beclin-1显著下调(P0.05),而转染miR-21抑制剂引起相反结果,提示miR-21在心肌缺氧复氧损伤中具有促进细胞凋亡、抑制细胞自噬的作用.生物信息学预测显示,Rab11a的3′-UTR含有miR-21的结合位点,双荧光素酶基因报告系统及Rab11a过表达实验表明Rab11a是miR-21的靶基因之一.心肌过表达Rab11a能减少缺氧复氧后miR-21介导的细胞凋亡及自噬.由此表明,在大鼠心肌缺氧复氧损伤中,miR-21可能通过负调控Rab11a促进心肌细胞凋亡,抑制心肌细胞自噬.本研究可能为预防和治疗心肌缺血再灌注损伤提供新策略.     

Hypoxia/reoxygenation alters endothelial prostacyclin synthesis--protection by superoxide dismutase

An in vitro model was designed to study the role of ischemia/reperfusion and oxygen free radicals on vascular prostacyclin (PGI2) synthesis and protection provided by superoxide dismutase (SOD). Cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) were subjected to various times of hypoxia (30 min to 5 h) followed by 30 min reoxygenation. An increase or a decrease in PGI2 synthesis capacity was then observed according to the duration of hypoxia. Inhibition of PGI2 synthesis after 5 h hypoxia/30 min reoxygenation was accompanied by a rise in lipoperoxidation products and a slight cytotoxicity. Superoxide anion could be implicated in these cellular alterations as SOD efficiently prevented these effects. Incubation of normoxic or H/R-treated BAEC with SOD led to an increase in cellular SOD activity as compared to controls. This increase, inhibited by incubation at 4 degrees C but not by addition of cycloheximide, strongly suggested endocytosis of SOD. This study emphasizes the role of endothelium as a source and target of free radicals and provides a new insight into the mechanism of protection by SOD in ischemia-related vascular pathology.     

Antioxidant changes in heart hypertrophy: significance during hypoxia-reoxygenation injury.

Because hypertrophied rat hearts display an increase in antioxidant enzyme activities and because hypoxia-reoxygenation injury is known to involve free radicals, we tested the hypothesis that the hypertrophied heart may be more resistant to this type of injury. Hypertrophied rat hearts after 10 weeks of chronic pressure overload showed elevated superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) activities and a decrease in lipid peroxidation as indicated by malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Glucose-free hypoxia for 15 min resulted in a complete failure of developed tension and about 200% increase in resting tension in both hypertrophied and sham control groups (p < 0.05). Upon reoxygenation for up to 30 min, hypertrophied hearts recovered developed tension to 60% and resting tension was higher by only 80% of prehypoxic values. In contrast, sham hearts showed only a 25% recovery of developed tension, whereas resting tension remained 130% higher than prehypoxic control values. During hypoxia, the SOD activity was significantly reduced in both sham and hypertrophied groups, whereas GSHPx was reduced only in the sham group. Upon reoxygenation there was no further change in these enzyme activities. Both the SOD and GSHPx activities in the hypertrophied group remained significantly higher than the corresponding reoxygenated sham hearts. During hypoxia, there was no apparent change in MDA content in either the sham or hypertrophied hearts. However, reoxygenation resulted in a significant increase in MDA content in both sham and hypertrophied hearts, but the MDA content was significantly less in the hypertrophied group (p < 0.05). It is suggested that maintenance of an adequate endogenous antioxidant reserve during hypoxia may be important in recovery upon reoxygenation.     

血管内皮舒张因子在氧自由基所致慢性缺氧大鼠肺内动...

The role of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) on the effect of oxygen-derived free radicals (generated by xanthine-xanthine oxidase system) on intrapulmonary arterial in chronic hypoxic rats was studied by a microbioassay method. Intrapulmonary artery rings with intact or denuded endothelium of hypoxic (5,000 m, 10 days) and normoxic rats were prepared for observation of oxygen-derived free radicals induced contraction. It was shown that oxygen-derived free radicals induced contractions of intrapulmonary arterial rings with intact endothelium were obviously augmented in hypoxic rats than in normoxic controls. The augmented responses could be further potentiated by the addition of EDRF inactivator reduced hemoglobin (RHb), but diminished or even abolished by applying superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn SOD). However, no effect on denuded rings was observed when RHb or SOD was added. It is concluded that chronic hypoxia may attenuate the action of EDRF in the enhancement of the reactivity of intrapulmonary artery to oxygen-derived free radicals.     

Superoxide Disrnutase Does Protect the Cdtured Rat Cardiac Myocytes Against Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury

The effect of superoxide dismutase (SOD) on membrane integrity and fluidity of the cultured neonatal rat cardiac myocytes in vitro was investigated under the condition of hypoxia and hypoxia/reoxygenation. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) concentration was used as the biochemical indicator for the loss of cell membrane integrity. Fluorescence polarization (FP), average microviscosity (N) and anisotropy (Ast), which are inversely proportional to the fluidity of cell membrane, were assayed. Cells were respectively exposed to hypoxia or hypoxia/reoxygenation for different periods of time in the absence or presence of SOD at various concentrations. Hypoxia alone or hypoxia/ reoxygenation brought injury to the cultured myocytes. This was demonstrated by changes in LDH and membrane fluidity. In the former LDH concentration gradually increased in a time-dependent manner and the values of FP, N and Asf were significantly increased. The changes in membrane integrity and fluidity induced by hypoxia or hypoxia/reoxygenation could be prevented by adding SOD to the culture medium. The results provide a direct evidence that SOD (740 u.ml^-1, the effective dose) was effective in protecting cultured myocytes against the injury as well as an indirect evidence of free radical generation. Based on the results obtained from this study and the establishment of concept of optimally effective dose by Bernier and Omar et al, it was suggested that some previous reports, in which no evidence was found both in protective effect of SOD and in free radical generation by using only one dose in hypoxia/reoxygenation model, should be interpreted with caution.     

血管内皮舒张因子在氧自由基所致慢性缺氧大鼠肺内动脉收缩中的作用

以黄嘌岭(X)-黄嘌呤氧化酶(XO)系统产生氧自由基,应用微量生物测定法观察慢性缺氧(5000m,10d)对大鼠氧自由基所致肺内动脉收缩的影响及内皮舒张因子(EDRF)在其中的作用。慢性缺氧大鼠有内皮的肺内动脉环对氧自由基的收缩反应较正常环境中的对照动物明显增强,加入EDRF灭活剂还原型血红蛋白(RHb)后更加显著;而加入超氧化物歧化酶(铜锌SOD)后则减弱,甚至消除。反之,不论加入RHb或SOD对氧自由基所致去内皮肺内动脉环的收缩反应均无明显影响。上述结果表明慢性缺氧引起肺内动脉收缩增强与EDRF有密切关系:慢性缺氧可能使EDRF的作用减弱,肺内动脉对氧自由基的反应性增强。表示EDRF及其与氧自由基的关系在慢性缺氧性肺动脉高压的形成中可能具有十分重要的意义。     

参麦注射液对肢体缺血/再灌注时肺脂质过氧化损伤的防护作用

目的:探讨参麦注射液对肢体缺血/再灌注时肺脂质过氧化损伤的防护作用。方法:复制家兔缺血/再灌注(I/R)损伤模型,分别从右颈外静脉和左颈总动脉取血,代表入肺血和出肺血,观察入、出肺血及肺组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)及参麦注射液对上述指标的影响。结果:与对照组比较,缺血再灌组松夹后4h入、出肺血及肺组织SOD活性明显降低,MDA含量增高(P<0.01);再灌前30min静脉给予参麦注射液后,SOD活性升高,而MDA含量降低(P<0.01)。相关分析显示MDA与SOD间存在明显负相关(P<0.05)。结论:缺血再灌注时伴有肺脏氧自由基代谢紊乱,参麦注射液通过清除氧自由基,对抗脂质过氧化,减轻肺损伤。     

Lipid Free Radical Generation and Brain Cell Membrane Alteration Following Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition During Cerebral Hypoxia in the Newborn Piglet

Abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) is reported to cause neuronal damage through various mechanisms. The present study tests the hypothesis that NO synthase inhibition by N ^ω-nitro- l -arginine (NNLA) will result in decreased oxygen-derived free radical production leading to the preservation of cell membrane structure and function during cerebral hypoxia. Ten newborn piglets were pretreated with NNLA (40 mg/kg); five were subjected to hypoxia, whereas the other five were maintained with normoxia. An additional 10 piglets without NNLA treatment underwent the same conditions. Hypoxia was induced with a lowered FiO₂ and documented biochemically by decreased cerebral ATP and phosphocreatine levels. Free radicals were detected by using electron spin resonance spectroscopy with a spin trapping technique. Results demonstrated that free radicals, corresponding to alkoxyl radicals, were induced by hypoxia but were inhibited by pretreatment with NNLA before inducing hypoxia. NNLA also inhibited hypoxia-induced generation of conjugated dienes, products of lipid peroxidation. Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase activity, an index of cellular membrane function, decreased following hypoxia but was preserved by pretreatment with NNLA. These data demonstrate that during hypoxia NO generates free radicals via peroxynitrite production, presumably causing lipid peroxidation and membrane dysfunction. These results suggest that NO is a potentially limiting factor in the peroxynitrite-mediated lipid peroxidation resulting in membrane injury.     

自由基对细胞膜和Ach受体效应的损伤及枸杞多糖的防护作用

本研究将爪蟾卵母细胞暴露于黄嘌呤氧化酶－次黄嘌呤（ＸＯ－ＨＰＸ）反应系统,观察自由基对细胞膜及其乙酰胆碱（Ａｃｈ）受体的损伤,结果表明,在自由基的作用下膜被动电学参数发生显著变化,其效果与ＸＯ－ＨＰＸ的浓度和作用时间成正比,ＸＯ－ＨＰＸ作用２ｈ不影响膜功能,大于４ｈ各项膜功能指标明显下降,Ａｃｈ极化反应减弱,上升时间延长,去极化幅度下降,下降１／２时间缩短;超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）可消除自由基对上述膜参数的影响。枸杞多糖可以使损伤膜的被动电学参数改善,但对Ａｃｈ去极化反应无恢复作用。结果提示,ＸＯ－ＨＰＸ反应系统是通过产生超氧阴离子自由基造成细胞膜和Ａｃｈ受体的损伤,枸杞多糖可对抗自由基对质膜的作用,但对Ｍ样受体无效。     

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes-induced injury in hypoxic cardiac myocytes

Growing evidence suggests that free radicals derived from polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) play an important role in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. To elucidate the cellular mechanism by which activated PMNs exacerbate ischemic myocardial damage, we investigated the extent of cell injury, assessed by the morphological deterioration, free radical generation, and lipid peroxidation in mouse embryo myocardial cells coincubated with activated PMNs. The generation of PMN-derived free radicals was related to the extent of myocardial cell injury. When myocardial cell sheets were subjected to hypoxia and glucose-free media, myocardial cells were injured (cristalysis in the mitochondria and disruption of the sarcolemma) after adding various PMN activators, and the injury extended to the adjacent cells. Chemiluminescent emission and production of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in the coincubated cells increased markedly compared with myocardial cells or PMNs alone. The augmented lipid peroxidation coincided with the progression of myocardial cell injury. Catalase inhibited the myocardial cell injury by 52%, the chemiluminescence by 46%, and lipid peroxidation by 50%, whereas superoxide dismutase exhibited less pronounced inhibition. These results indicate that a chain reaction of lipid peroxidation in myocardial cells induced by PMN-derived free radicals closely correlates with membrane damage and contributes to the propagation of irreversible myocardial cell damage.     

氧自由基在应激性胃溃疡中的发病学意义

本工作研究了氧自由基在大鼠冷冻束缚应激性胃溃疡中的发病学意义。实验结果如下:(1)以超氧自由基清除剂超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)或羟自由基清除剂二甲亚砜和甘露醇预先处理大鼠,均可显著地减轻胃粘膜损伤;(2)应激时,胃粘膜内的脂质过氧化分解产物丙二醛的含量显著升高;(3)组织化学的研究显示,胃粘膜层含有丰富的黄嘌呤氧化酶,其活性在应激时明显升高,预先用别嘌呤醇处理大鼠以抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶的活性,可使胃粘膜损伤显著减轻。上述结果提示,氧自由基是应激性胃溃疡的重要致病因子,而黄嘌呤氧化酶活性的升高似可能为应激时氧自由基生成增加的重要原因。