小麦-中间偃麦草双体异附加系的鉴定

利用形态学、细胞学、A-PADE和RAPD方法,对5个小麦-中间偃麦草(Thinopyrum intermedium)双体异附加系Line 1、Line 4、Line 10、Line 14和Line 15进行了鉴定。细胞学鉴定结果表明,它们根尖细胞染色体数目为2n=44,花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ(PMCMⅠ)染色体构型为2n=22 Ⅱ,具有高度的细胞学稳定性;形态学鉴定和A-PADE电泳分析证明,Line 1和Line 15可能附加了中间偃麦草第7部分同源群的染色体,Line 10和Line 14可能附加了中间偃麦草第1部分同源群的染色体,Line4则可能同时存在多种染色体变异;RAPD分析表明,在供试的100个随机引物中,有5个引物S21、S29、S57、S121和S152能够在亲本中间偃麦草和双体异附加系中稳定扩增出特异带型,并可作为异附加系所附加染色体的特异RAPD标记。     

小冰麦异附加系TAI系列中异源麦谷蛋白基因位点的生化与分子生物学鉴定

小冰麦异附加系TAI系列的每一个材料中分别附加了1对来自中问偃麦草的染色体,附加染色体很容易丢失,使得失去附加染色体的小麦可以作为异附加系的对照材料。通过分析TAI系列异附加系及各自对照材料的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成与低分子量麦谷蛋白基因的PCR图谱,鉴定出异附加系TAI-13和TAI-25中具有编码中问偃麦草麦谷蛋白的基因位点,附加的中间偃麦草染色体属于第一同源群。异附加系TAI-11中附加的中间偃麦草染色体只具有低分子量麦谷蛋白基因位点。     

小麦-中间偃麦草双体异附加系的选育和鉴定

在小麦-中间偃麦草59个杂交后代种质系中,筛选出6个小麦-中间偃麦草双体异附加系(line0605,line0607,line0609,line0610,line0611,line0625),并对其进行了形态学、白粉病抗性、细胞学和RAPD鉴定。形态学结果表明:6个双体异附加系农艺性状较好地结合了双亲的优良特点;细胞学结果表明:6个双体异附加系具有高度的细胞学稳定性,花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ(PMCMI)的染色体构型为2n=22Ⅱ;RAPD分析表明:在供试的209个随机引物中有5个引物分别能在6个异附加系中稳定地扩增出不同的特异带型,可以作为各个异附加系所附加染色体的特异分子标记;白粉病抗性鉴定结果表明:line0605表现免疫,line0610和line0625表现高抗,line0607表现中抗,line0609和line0611表现中感。     

小麦-中间偃麦草双体异附加系的选育和鉴定

在小麦-中间偃麦草59个杂交后代种质系中,筛选出6个小麦-中间偃麦草双体异附加系(line 0605,line 0607,line 0609,line 0610,line 06ll,line 0625),并对其进行了形态学、白粉病抗性、细胞学和RAPD鉴定。形态学结果表明：6个双体异附加系农艺性状较好地结合了双亲的优良特点;细胞学结果表明：6个双体异附加系具有高度的细胞学稳定性,花粉母细胞减数分裂中期I(PMCMI)的染色体构型为2n=22II;RAPD分析表明：在供试的209个随机引物中有5个引物分别能在6个异附加系中稳定地扩增出不同的特异带型,可以作为各个异附加系所附加染色体的特异分子标记;白粉病抗性鉴定结果表明：line 0605表现免疫,line 0610和line 0625表现高抗,line 0607表现中抗,line 0609和line 06ll表现中感。     

抗条锈病小麦—中间偃麦草异附加系的生化与分子标记

对小麦-中间偃麦草部分双二倍体无芒中4、异附加系C076、宛7107和中国春进行了肽链内切酶（EP-1）等电聚焦电泳。结果表明,肽链内切酶在阳极处有一特异带。肽链内切酶已定位于小麦第7部分同源群,故附加的染色体为第7部分同源群的2条染色体,对中间偃麦草,无芒中4、C076和宛7107进行了RAPD分析。获得了可用于检测C076中外源染色体的3个RAPD标记,即OPI05-800、OPI10-600、OPK01-900。     

普通小麦-百萨偃麦草(Thinopyrum bessarabicum)二体异附加系的选育与鉴定

为转移与利用百萨偃麦草耐盐、抗病等优良基因,用普通小麦中国春-百萨偃麦草双倍体与中国春杂交,通过染色体C-分带、分子原位杂交并结合减数分裂中期I的染色体配对分析,从回交后代中选育出一套小麦-百萨偃麦草二体异附加系。对这套异附加系进行的鉴定与分析表明,各附加系除添加了一对百萨偃麦草染色体外,小麦的21对染色体未见明显变化。各附加系所添加的百萨偃麦草染色体在减数分裂中期I配对基本正常,仅有少量单价体,其自交后代中外源染色体亦能正常传递。这说明所培育的这套二体异附加系在细胞学上已相对稳定,暂分别编号为DAJ1、DAJ2、DAJ3、DAJ4、DAJ5、DAJ6和DAJ7。各异附加系中百萨偃麦草染色体在小麦族中的部分同源群归属和百萨偃麦草耐盐抗病基因在染色体上的定位研究正在进行之中。     

普通小麦-中间偃麦草TAI-27中附加染色体的显微切割及特异性探针的筛选

试验以长穗偃麦草基因组DNA为探针 ,与普通小麦 中间偃麦草TAI 2 7进行染色体原位杂交 ,表明有 4条与长穗偃麦草同源的染色体 ;以P .stipifolia (St)基因组DNA为探针 ,有 4条与St同源的染色体 .这说明TAI 2 7中有 4条St染色体 .TAI 2 7是异代换 附加系 .对TAI 2 7中附加的中间偃麦草染色体进行显微切割 ,并建立其微克隆库 ,从中筛选获得了中间偃麦草的特异性探针 ,同源性分析表明该序列为一新序列 .这为进一步筛选抗病、抗逆和优质基因打下基础 .     

单体异附加系花药培养创制小麦- 中间偃麦草纯合易位系

利用单体异附加系花药培养细胞工程途径,诱导小麦与中间偃麦草发生染色体易位,通过细胞学分析、荧光原位杂交(F ISH)和SSR鉴定出纯合易位系.研究结果表明,经单体异附加系花药培养创制出1个小麦-中间偃麦草纯合易位系99-803;其花粉母细胞(PM C s)减数分裂中期I染色体构型为18.42个环状二价体 2.57个棒状二价体 0.01个单价体;中间偃麦草的7A i-1染色体与小麦7A或7B染色体发生了非罗伯逊易位,且中间偃麦草易位片段较小;通过该途径获得纯合易位系的频率约为2%.以上结果表明,单体异附加系花药培养是一条向小麦转移异源染色体小片段(基因)的快速高效途径.     

应用原位杂交及RAPD技术标记抗黄矮病小麦—中间偃麦草染色体异附加系

以生物素标记中间偃麦草基因组ＤＮＡ为探针,与抗黄矮病小麦－中间偃麦草染色体异附加系Ｚ６进行原位杂交,鉴定出附加的１对中间偃麦草染色体。对异附加系Ｚ６和Ｌ１及它们的小麦亲本进行了ＲＡＰＤ分析,从１２０个随机引物中,筛选出２个引物可以扩增出附加染色体的特异ＤＮＡ片段,可作为鉴定导入小麦的中间偃麦草染色质的分子标记。     

小偃麦部分双二部体及其异附加系异源染色体的GISH分析

应用ＧＩＳＨ对小偃麦部分双二本ＴＡＦ４６及其衍生的６个二体异附加系的中间偃麦草染色体组种类进行了分析,鉴定,以拟鹅冠草ＤＮＡ为探针的分析结果表明,ＴＡＦ４６所含有的中间偃麦草洒色体组为合成染色体组,即６条Ａ１组染色体和８条Ｅ组染色体。在其衍生的二体异附加系中,Ｌ４和Ｌ含有Ｓｔ组染色体,Ｌ１、Ｌ２、Ｌ３、Ｌ５含有Ｅ组染色体。ＴＡＦ４６所含有的中间偃麦草染色体的部分同源群依次为ＩＥ（Ｌ３）、２Ｓｔ（Ｌ     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。     

New amino-dithiaphospholanes and phosphoramidodithioites and their rhodium and iridium complexes

New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn₂NPSCH₂CH₂S^a(P-S^a) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn₂NPSCHCHS^a(CH₂)₃C^aH₂(P-S^a)(C^a-S^a) (6) and Bn₂NP(4-XC₆H₄OMe)₂ (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)₂] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl₂Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the ν_CO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The ¹J_PRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the ¹J_PSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh₃. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh₃.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.     

Rapporteur report: Basics and technology and metrology and standards

The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

Chemokines and cytokines: axis and allies in asthma and allergy

Allergic asthma can be precipitated by many factors. For the atopic person, fungus, pollen, dust mites, cockroach antigens, and diesel exhaust are all agents that may trigger an allergic attack. Cytokines and chemokines are integral mediators of fungal asthma. From the earliest time points, they recruit and activate the cells required for the clearance of fungus as well as being critical factors involved in the immunopathology of this disease. In the final analysis, it is clear that these mediators can act to the benefit or the detriment of the host.     

人血管能抑素基因的克隆、表达及其表达产物的纯化和生物活性测定

以人胎盘脐带组织为材料,提取组织总RNA,用netRTPCR方法合成人血管能抑素cDNA基因,将该cDNA克隆进pSP72载体获得重组质粒pSP72C, DNA序列分析结果与预期序列一致。用BamHⅠ和NdeⅠ双酶切,切下pSP72C上的血管能抑素cDNA,插入pET3c载体的相应位点获得重组表达质粒pETC, 转化E. coli BL21(DE3), SDSPAGE分析显示：在IPTG诱导下,血管能抑素基因获得了高效表达,表达量约占菌体总蛋白的 27.9 %,主要以包涵体形式存在。包涵体经过洗涤、裂解、蛋白复性以及Sephadex G75凝胶过滤层析等步骤后,获得了纯度达91.4 %的人血管能抑素。CAM实验证明10 μg纯化蛋白就能显著抑制鸡胚新生血管生成。     

Oxidation and nitration of ribonuclease and lysozyme by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase

In spite of the many studies on protein modifications by reactive species, knowledge about the products resulting from the oxidation of protein-aromatic residues, including protein-derived radicals and their stable products, remains limited. Here, we compared the oxidative modifications promoted by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide/nitrite in two model proteins, ribonuclease (6Tyr) and lysozyme (3Tyr/6Trp). The formation of protein-derived radicals and products was higher at pH 5.4 and 7.4 for myeloperoxidase and peroxynitrite, respectively. The main product was 3-nitro-Tyr for both proteins and oxidants. Lysozyme rendered similar yields of nitro-Trp, particularly when oxidized by peroxynitrite. Hydroxylated and dimerized products of Trp and Tyr were also produced, but in lower yields. Localization of the main modified residues indicates that peroxynitrite decomposes to radicals within the proteins behaving less specifically than myeloperoxidase. Nitrogen dioxide is emphasized as an important protein modifier.