发酵工程课程的立体化教学探索与实践

发酵工程课程实践性强且直接影响学生就业。近年来针对课程特点和授课对象,我们从教学理念、模块划分和授课方式等方面进行了改革和探索。课程改革以"能力培养为宗旨、课程模块为单元、多种教学资源为平台",探索了模块化、立体式教学模式,依据教学内容将理论课程划分为发酵工程设备、固体发酵、液体发酵和产品分离四个模块;实践教学紧密结合地方特色,以葡萄酒发酵全过程作为发酵基础实验,并通过工厂实习和科技作品试验提高学生的实践能力和创新意识;教学方式采用课堂教学、实验室操作和生产车间参观、实习相结合,实现课堂、实验室、车间立体结合,理论、实验与生产实践的有机链接。经三届共240多名学生的实践,证实对提高学生的社会实践能力和创新能力都有显著的促进作用。     

“发酵工程原理与技术”混合式教学研究与实践：以“抗生素发酵生产工艺与工程实践”内容为例

“发酵工程原理与技术”是理工科高校生物专业的核心课程之一,具有较强的应用性和实践性。然而目前以线下教学为主的传统教学方式不利于学生对知识的理解和掌握。同时,该课程实验教学环节存在发酵设备更新不及时、缺乏大型工艺设备、易受场地限制等问题,严重影响实践教学效果。线上线下相结合的混合式教学模式是丰富教学资源和提升教学质量的重要手段。我们以“抗生素发酵生产工艺与工程实践”内容为例,基于虚拟仿真平台设计并构建虚拟仿真实验项目,同时结合课堂教学和实验室教学等线下教学方式,形成线上线下高度融合的混合式教学新模式。混合式教学强化了课堂教学与在线教学、虚拟实验与实体实验的有机结合,促进了学生扎实掌握理论知识和实验技能,培养了学生的创新精神和实践能力,提高了学生的综合素质。     

基于成果导向教育理念的“发酵工程实验”课程内容设计及实践

"发酵工程实验"是生物工程专业的工程类重要主干课之一,是培养学生工程设计、工程实践和创新思维的重要课程。基于构思—设计—实现—运行(conceive—design—implement—operate,CDIO)理念,"发酵工程实验"通过构建模块化课程内容,以构思、设计、实现、运作的项目导向模块开展课程设计,进行目标导向的教学模式改革。以"发酵工程实验"课程为载体,将工程基础知识、发酵工程系统实践能力、团队合作能力、创新能力培养等融为一体。建立基于成果导向教育(outcome-based education,OBE)理念的学生学习效果评价体系,完成"发酵工程实验"课程教学任务。学生对改革后的"发酵工程实验"课程满意度明显提高,教学效果显著。     

基于翻转课堂的环境生物学实验PBL教学设计与实践

基于翻转课堂理论,结合以问题为基础的学习(Problem-based learning,PBL)教学法的"问题设置"、"问题解决"等特点与优势,构建了适用于实验操作类课程的教学模式,并以"水体疑遭粪便污染"这一实际问题作为情景进行的综合设计性实验为例,对高等教育环境相关本科专业基础课程"环境生物学实验"进行了创新性教学设计和实践。该教学模式通过课前准备、课中实施和课后反馈3个过程对实际问题进行分析和解决。课前准备包括教学团队针对实际问题设置若干相关实验场景,制作和搜集相应教学视频等教学资源,安排学生学习和完成任务;课中实施时教师直接指导学生进行实验操作,强调观察和记录实验现象,提出问题引导学生思考;课后反馈为学生提交实验结果与讨论、完成巩固练习和反馈问题等。实践表明,该教学模式在一线教学中行之有效,能取得较好的教学效果,值得推广。     

"非生物因素对生物的影响"探究教学设计

介绍了探究教学模式在初中生物学实验教学中的实践与应用.课堂教学过程分为3个步骤:A.实验前讨论研究的问题并作实验设计;B.实验过程中获取数据;C.实验后学生讨论得出实验结论.整个教学过程中突出了学生的主动性和创造性,突出了如何将探究实验与学生获得的概念联系起来.突出了培养学生的逻辑型思维能力.     

上海大学生物工程系完成计算机辅助教学课件

由上海大学（嘉定）生物工程系王福源教授主持的计算机辅助教学课件《仿真谷氨酸发酵实验技术》已完成。该课件包括：一、发酵罐部件介绍;二、谷氨酸发酵实验演示;三、实验操作;四、成绩评定等几个部分。食品工程专业及生物工程专业的学生在计算机上进行发酵罐模拟操作和进行谷氨酸发酵仿真实验,基本上能达到与实罐操作相同的效果,可满足实验教学的要求上海大学生物工程系完成计算机辅助教学课件     

上海大学生物工程系完成计算机辅助教学课件

由上海大学生物工程系王福源教授主持的计算机辅助教学课件《仿真谷氨酸发酵实验技术》已完成 ,并获上海市教学成果 2等奖。该课件包括 :一、发酵罐部件介绍 ;二、谷氨酸发酵实验演示 ;三、实验操作 ;四、成绩评定等几个部分。食品工程专业及生物工程专业的学生在计算机上进行发酵罐模拟操作和进行谷氨酸发酵仿真实验 ,基本上能达到与实罐操作相同的效果 ,可满足实验教学的要求。上海大学生物工程系完成计算机辅助教学课件     

发酵工程课程的教学改革与实践

发酵工程是生物工程专业学生的一门非常重要的专业课,其教学质量直接影响学生的专业素质。近年来对发酵工程的课程教学进行了改革。在教学内容体系的安排上,提出了"一个中心,两个结合,三个层次"的概念;在教学策略上,探讨了"预测、提问、澄清和小结"4个策略的综合运用;在教学手段上,尝试了多元化的教学方法和技巧;在实践教学中,采取新增课程实习周与因地制宜的小组实验形式以及完善课程评价体系,注重学生创新思维能力和专业技能的培养,力求切实提高教学质量。     

生物工程专业发酵课程群建设探索

针对生物工程专业的培养方案和就业方向,提出了以课程群建设推动专业发展的教学改革思路。以"生物工艺学"和"生物反应工程"为主干课,还包括"生物工程设备"、"代谢控制与发酵"、"生物过程检测与控制"等相关课程,同时结合"发酵工艺实验"、"生产实习"和"毕业设计"等实践教学环节,构建了发酵课程群。介绍了发酵课程群对教学内容的整合,分析了课堂教学与实践环节有机结合的教学模式。实践证实,发酵课程群的建设对学生的就业以及后续工作能力的提升起到了显著的促进作用。     

改进生物化学实验教学模式,培养学生综合能力

为适应现代医学教育的发展,加强学生能力的培养,提高学生综合素质,对生物化学实验内容和教学形式进行了改革,在实验内容上设置了综合性实验;在教学方法上注重突出学生的主体作用,学生主动参与实验设计、实验讨论、实验方案的确定,独立完成实验过程的教学形式.实践证明,新的教学模式达到了预期的教学效果,有推广价值.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.