《干旱地区农业研究》2006年征订启事

《干旱地区农业研究》由教育部主管,西北农林科技大学主办,是全面反映我国干旱、半干旱及湿润易旱区农业科学技术研究新成果、新理论、新技术及国外有关最新研究进展的学术性期刊.《干旱地区农业研究》主要刊登有关干旱、半干旱及半湿润易旱地区的旱农耕作与栽培、土壤营养与植物水分、农业节水、资源开发利用、旱区生态建设、植物抗逆生理、干旱类型与对策及国外旱农动态等内容.以旱作农业为重点,重视水资源合理利用和灌溉农业的发展;应用科学研究与应用基础科学研究并重是本刊的主要特色.适合广大从事旱农研究的专家、学者、科技人员、生…     

生态经济思想与我国干旱半干旱地区的开发和建设

一、一个广袤而重要的地区比较一致的看法,年降水量400mm 等值线是我国湿润地区与干旱地区的分界线。这条线东自大兴安岭起,向南偏西经坝上草原,过陕北到兰州,再到拉萨。这条线以北以西地区都属于干旱半干旱地区。在干旱与半干旱地区之间,也有一条分界线,大致是东起二连浩特,     

农业生产力模型初探

根据植物的生理生态学特点及诸气候要素建立了农业净第一性生产力模型:NPP=exp(rR_n(r~2 R_n~2 rR_n/(R_n r)(R_n~2 r~2)·(0.0015RDI 0.0013)) 用该模型对全球变化条件下的农业净第一性生产力的敏感性试验表明:我国农业净第一性生产力在气温升高2℃且降水不变或增加20％的情况下都有不同程度的提高,幅度为0.44％～12.88％,其中,在降水不变的情况下,湿润地区增加幅度最大,为5.46％～12.88％,在降水增加的情况下,干旱、半干旱地区增加幅度最大,为3.89％～10.92％;在温度升高2℃、降水减少20％的情况下,湿润地区农业生产力增加1.48％～14.63%,干旱、半干旱地区农业生产力降低0.44%～2.92％,干旱地区降低幅度较大,为1.04％～6.01％,表明水分为农业生产力的主要限制因子。     

水分亏缺对作物的伤害

全世界干旱、半干旱地区的总面积约占总陆地面积的1/3。中国是世界上主要的干旱国家之一,全国干旱、半干旱地区约占总国土面积的一半左右。干旱是制约我国西北和整个北方地区农业生产发展的基本自然因素,其他地区在作物生长季节也发生不同程度的干旱危害。研究作物水分胁迫及其伤害生理,不仅在理论上而且在实践中都有重要意义。     

全国干旱半干旱地区农业生态建设学术讨论会论文题录

(按收论文先后为序)辽宁省建平县经济、生态、社会发展战略总体规划的研究业业究农农研阳学态沈大生室赵春明姚雷方源良郭金玉马子清张茂盛等姚建民应用生态农业观点防患干旱的威胁和损失山西旱作农业增产新探索王仕新庄季屏张一等奇岚县农业生态建设设计方法研究双向平衡的系统结构调控原理与半干旱地区农作物布局设计研究滨海平原区农业生态建设浅见蔺海明山西省旱地农业分区及其生态建设何章起等贾志宽贾永莹罗志成唐家堡河流域农业生态建设中的土地利用问题几种高吸水材料应用于辽西褐土抗春旱模拟试验研究新疆准葛尔盆地南缘重盐碱地区…     

EAM会议专刊辑述评——气候变化下旱区农业生态系统的可持续性

农业生产是将自然资源不断转化为农产品的过程。简单的说就是将阳光、空气、水和土壤等无机资源转化为可以供人类消费的有机产物。农业生态系统必须对全球气候变化、市场竞争、自然环境的恶化、经济等政策法规和人民的需求等因素做出灵活的应对策略,同时还要保证自然生态系统的稳定性。在发展中国家,有超过20亿的人口每天收入低于2美元,他们收入中绝大部分都用于解决温饱。这些人大部分生活在干旱、半干旱地区,并以农业生产作为生活的主要来源。由于这些地区水资源匮乏、土壤贫瘠,粮食安全问题一直是该地区人类生存的关键。中澳两国都把干旱、半干旱地区的农牧业发展作为研究的重点。两国的专家都致力于恢复和维护干旱半干旱地区脆弱的农业生态系统。气候变化正在使农业生态系统可持续发展面临严峻挑战。因此,迫切需要农学,生态学,环境学,社会经济学等多学科的共同发展和融合解决这一问题。2010年7月20—25日在兰州大学举办了以“气候变化和旱区农业生态系统管理”为主题的“第二届生态系统评估与管理（EAM）国际会议”。国内外众多知名专家参与了此次会议,并共同讨论在全球气候变化背景下如何提高干旱半干旱地区脆弱农业生态系统生产力与可持续性。本次会议的议题是：(1）半干旱地区旱作雨养农业生态系统评估与管理,(2）干旱地区绿洲农业生态系统评估与管理。此次会议由兰州大学和澳大利亚西澳大学联合主办,中国科学院生态环境研究中心协办,由国家教育部和国家外专局联合支持、兰州大学干旱与草地生态教育部重点实验室承担的“旱寒生态学”学科创新引智基地和西澳大学农业研究院、FAO属下的叙利亚国际旱地农业研究中心(ICARDA)联合提供资金支持。会议期间,25位专家就干旱、半干旱地区植物土壤互作关系作了报告。另外还有18位在干旱半干旱地区科研一线工作的青年学者汇报了研究进展,并与专家进行了广泛交流。报告会之后,大会组织专家分别对典型旱区农业进行了考察,分别是兰州大学黄土高原旱地农业生态实验站(榆中)和甘肃武威市民勤绿洲农业生态系统。此次大会遴选出35篇学术论文,以专刊的形式发表于《生态学报》第31卷第9期。会议遴选出的其它英文文章将于2011年在《Plant and Soil》和《Crop and Pasture Science》上发表,敬请期待。我们相信,本专刊的出版将会对气候变化背景下旱区农业生态系统的研究和发展产生重要的推动作用。     

全国干旱和半干旱地区农业生态建设学术讨论会纪要

由中国生态学会、山西省生态学会和山西省科技决策咨询委员会联合主办的“全国干旱和半干旱地区农业生态建设学术讨论会”于1989年10月25日至28日在山西省太原市举行。来自全国各地的专家,学者共92人参加了这次会议。中国生态学会理事长孙儒泳、山西省生     

第二十五讲 植物对水分胁迫的响应

一、引言干旱是农业生产中经常存在的重要问题。世界上有近1/3的地区被划为干旱地区。在干旱地区植物的生长总是受到水分供应不足的限制;如象我国广大的西北地区就是这样。而在其他的许多地方。植物的生长和产量也常常会因周期性或难以预期的干旱而减低。     

陕北农牧结合的生态经济问题

前言根据全国农业区划委员会提供的资料,我国干旱(半干旱)自然区域面积占我国土地总面积的52.4%。这类地区农业生产的主要特征是农牧结合,这种特征的形成既有自然历史的一     

甘肃省张掖市现代畜牧业发展战略研究

农业是国民经济的基础,中国西部干旱半干旱地区农业结构调整关系到地区经济的长久发展,从而缩小与东部发达地区差距。西部地区特色农业发展应依据现实基础与优势,大力发展现代畜牧业。本文研究甘肃省张掖市畜牧业发展战略,以期对中国西部地区畜牧业发展指明方向。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.