接种量对花绒寄甲繁殖的影响

释放花绒寄甲防治天牛已成为重要手段,而繁殖花绒寄甲时,接种花绒寄甲幼虫到大麦虫蛹体时,控制合适的接种量是提高花绒寄甲繁殖数量和质量的关键技术。本研究通过在替代寄主上人工接种不同数量的花绒寄甲幼虫,观察其发育情况及其子代数量、质量等指标,明确最佳接种量。结果表明：随着接种量的增加,花绒寄甲幼虫历期和蛹历期明显缩短,其中接种4头/个和6头/个,幼虫历期为13 d,蛹历期为33 d,而接种14头/个和16头/个时,幼虫历期短于12 d,蛹历期明显缩短为28~29 d。花绒寄甲结茧数随接种量增加而增加,接种数为16头/个时,结茧数最多,接近7个。花绒寄甲结茧率随着接种量增多而降低,4头/个时,结茧率最高为72.3%。接种量对花绒寄甲子代个体数量和大小均有显著影响,其中接种8头/个时,羽化数平均为4.3头,显著高于接种4头/个（羽化数平均为2.8头）,明显低于接种16头/个(羽化数平均为6.9头)。接种量为4头/个和6头/个时,子代成虫个体最大,单头重平均每头可达0.035 g,接种量为8头/个时,成虫单头重平均每头0.032 g左右,接种量达到16头/个时,单头重最轻,为0.023 g。对花绒寄甲羽化率无显著影响,7个处理下子代羽化率均较高,平均在94.4%~100%。接种量越少,更利于花绒寄甲的生长发育,当接种量为4头/个时,花绒寄甲成虫发育最好,其子代个体最大,但子代数较少。因此,利用大麦虫蛹繁育花绒寄甲种虫时,最佳接种量为4头/个,而需要规模化繁育花绒寄甲作为天敌使用时,综合考虑子代数量和质量以及经济成本,最佳接种量为8头/个。     

Sensitivity of Various Bacteria, Including Actinomycetes, and Fungi to Cadmium and the Influence of pH on Sensitivity

A variety of microorganisms, including gram-negative and gram-positive eubacteria, actinomycetes, yeasts, and filamentous fungi, were tested for their sensitivity to cadmium (Cd). In general, the actinomycetes were more tolerant to Cd than were the eubacteria; gram-negative eubacteria were more tolerant to Cd than were gram-positive eubacteria. The period of exponential growth of the eubacteria and actinomycetes was extended in the presence of Cd. Wide extremes in sensitivity to Cd were noted among the fungi; there was no correlation between the class of fungus and tolerance to Cd. Fungal sporulation was more sensitive to Cd than was mycelial growth, as spore formation was inhibited at Cd concentrations that were noninhibitory to mycelial proliferation. The toxicity of Cd to the eubacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi appeared to be pH dependent, as toxicity was generally potentiated at pH 8 or 9.     

Characterization of "Pasteurella" piscicida isolated from white perch and cultivated yellowtail.

The morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of twelve "Pasteurella" piscicida strains isolated from white perch and yellowtail are described and the present uncertain taxonomic status of the organisms is discussed. The organisms isolated were gram-negative rods showing bipolar staining and pleomorphism. No spores or flagella were observed. They were non motile and viscid colonies were formed. Growth was observed in a temperature range of 20 to 30 C and the salinity range of growth was between 0.5% and 4.0%. They were aerobic and facultative anaerobic. Oxidase and catalase were produced. Nitrates were not reduced to nitrites. Lysine and ornithine decarboxylases were not produced but arginine dihydrolase was produced. The egg yolk reaction was positive. Tween 80 and tributyrin were decomposed. Phosphatase was produced. Beta hemolysis was revealed on a medium containing defibrinated blood from chickens or carp but not from mammals. Methyl red and Voges-Proskauer tests were positive, and acetoin was produced from 2,3-butanediol. Glucose was fermented without gas production. Acid was produced from fructose, mannose, galactose, sucrose, maltose, dextrin and glycerol. These organisms differed from all other members of the genus Pasteurella with respect to nitrate reduction, arginine dihydrolase, Voges-Proskauer and methyl red tests. The formation of viscid colonies and inability to grow in a medium without sodium chloride or at 37 C were additional characteristics of these organisms.     

钝顶螺旋藻细胞的超微结构

钝顶螺旋藻是一种丝状多细胞蓝藻。经透射电源观察证实,细胞的核区无核膜,核仁,细胞质内无线粒体、叶绿体、高尔基体等细胞器分化。     

高亲和力莱克多巴胺单克隆抗体的研制及ciELISA检测方法的建立

  用混合酸酐法（MA）将莱克多巴胺（RAC）偶联于牛血清白蛋白（BSA）,合成人工抗原BSA-RAC,用UV和SDS-PAGE鉴定;用BSARAC免疫Balb/c小鼠,细胞融合技术建立高亲和力RAC单克隆抗体（mAb）杂交瘤细胞株,体内诱生腹水法制备RAC mAb;应用RAC mAb研制RAC残留快速检测ciELISA试剂盒（RAC-Kit）,并测定其性能。结果表明,BSA-RAC偶联成功,分子结合比为24.5∶1;筛选出3株杂交瘤细胞,其中最好的4D8株亲和常数（Ka）为1.65×1010L/mol; RAC-Kit的检测限为0.5ng/ml,检测范围为0.5～151ng/ml,饲料样、猪尿样的平均添加回收率为87.2%,89.4%,平均批内和批间变异系数小于15%,与多巴酚丁胺的交叉反应率（CR%）为9.7%,与其它化合物无CR,RAC-Kit在4 ℃保存期为180d。     

姜黄属花卉种质资源表型性状分析

依据姜黄属(Curcuma)花卉育种目标，对16份姜黄属植物的11个数量性状及7个质量性状进行因子和聚类分析评价。结果表明，姜黄属植物表型性状复杂多变，供试材料数量性状变异系数介于26.70%～95.44%，叶片主脉绿色，上苞片藕粉或玫红色，晕斑绿色，唇瓣紫色和旗瓣白色为姜黄属典型表型性状。主成分分析表明，9个重要观赏性状归于3个主成分中。根据表型性状各主成分进行聚类分析，供试16份种质被分为三大类群，第Ⅰ类群11个品种均为姜荷花(Curcuma alismatifolia)，其中‘清迈粉’的上苞片面积最大，观赏性最突出，但株型偏小。第Ⅱ类群4个品种，花型花色极具特色，株型更大，抗性强，以所罗门姜黄(C. soloensis)表现最优。第Ⅲ类群的女皇郁金(C. petiolata)生长势最为强健。在三个类群之间开展杂交育种有望获得兼具观赏性和生长势的后代。     

Polyamines of Anacystis nidulans and metabolism of exogenous spermidine and spermine.

Several biochemical parameters, including that of polyamine content, accompanying the growth of the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans were studied. At all stages of growth under autotrophic conditions, the organisms were found to be rich in spermidine and lacking in spermine, as is typical of procaryotic organisms. The cells were quite low in putrescine, and no unusual polyamine was observed to be present as a major component. Conjugated polyamines were not detected in the cultures. At maximal culture density, the levels of spermidine, DNA, RNA, protein, and chlorophyll were also maximal. Shortly after the inception of the stationary phase, the spermidine content of the cells was the first parameter observed to decrease in cultures which were shortly to become yellow. Spermidine lost from the cells was not recovered in the medium in a free or conjugated form. This indication of degradation of spermidine was studied by the addition of polyamines to growing cultures. Exogenous spermidine and spermine were found to be metabolized rapidly by the organisms, of which diaminopropane was one product. Putrescine was found to be markedly toxic, whereas spermidine, some other triamines, and spermine were much less toxic.     

甘肃中南部原尾虫物种多样性及区系分析

在甘肃中南部设置12个样区,对该地区原尾虫的物种多样性进行了研究。发现原尾虫11种,隶属于2目6科7属。其中包括1个甘肃新记录属、4个甘肃新记录种和1个未定名种。古蚖科Eosentomidae、檗蚖科Berberentulidae为优势类群。华山蚖Huashanentulus huashanensis为广布种;檗蚖科Berberentulidae有2属3种;古蚖科Eosentomidae有3属7种,占甘肃原尾虫总数的44％;始蚖科Protentomidae有1属1种;夕蚖科Hesperentomidae有1属2种;日本蚖科Nipponentomidae有1种,中华雅娃蚖Yavanna sinensis是甘肃的新记录种;蚖科Hesperentomidae有1属2种,包括1个华山蚖属未定名种Huashanentulus sp.,只分布在临夏太子山自然保护区。对甘肃原尾虫区系进行了分析,结果显示：古北界种类占总数的20％,东洋界物种占53.3％,广布种类占总数的26.7％。     

Surgical correction of the inverted nipple with a tendon graft: hammock procedure

Our procedure, in which the inverted nipple was suspended using autogenous tendon grafts, was easy to perform, and it was not necessary to cut the lactiferous ducts. There was no deformity of the nipple or areola after this procedure, and the surgical scars were inconspicuous. Three patients who were followed up for over 1 year after surgery were presented in this paper. In eight patients (13 corrected inverted nipples), good results were obtained and there have been no complications to date.     

黑龙江省东部矿区鸟类群落多样性的比较分析

2007年12月至2009年2月,采用样线法和样方法对黑龙江东部4个主要矿区(鸡西、鹤岗、双鸭山和七台河矿区)的鸟类群落多样性进行了调查,共记录到鸟类16目36科107种。其中古北种50种,东洋种11种,广布种46种;留鸟22种,夏候鸟64种,冬候鸟1种,旅鸟20种;国家Ⅰ级重点保护鸟类1种,国家Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类13种。4个矿区中以鸡西矿区的鸟类多样性和均匀性最高,鹤岗最低,这与煤矸石的堆积、采矿方式,以及矿区生境类型、植被演替等有关。在植被演替的不同阶段鸟类多样性存在差异,处于演替中期的针阔混交林中鸟类多样性最高,处于演替早期的阔叶林最低。     

肝硬化患者肠球菌感染及体外药敏监测

目的研究肝硬化患者肠球菌感染的现状及药敏特点,以加强对肝硬化肠球菌感染的认识,指导用药。方法留取标本进行细菌培养、鉴定及药敏试验。结果所有纳入研究范围的肝硬化患者共检出肠球菌112株,其中粪肠球菌89株,占79.5%,比例最高,屎肠球菌占14.3%,居第2位。腹水中检出肠球菌64株,占57.1%,其次为痰和尿液,分别为38.1%和14.4%。肠球菌对红霉素、奈替米星的耐药率超过80%,对青霉素G、氨苄西林、呋喃妥因的敏感率超过70%,对左氧氟沙星的敏感率为58.9%,对头孢唑啉、头孢派酮的敏感率分别只有25.0%和33.0%,检出高耐氨基糖苷类肠球菌(HLAR)58株,占51.8%,未检出耐万古霉素和替考拉宁肠球菌,但检出万古霉素中介肠球菌4株,占3.6%。结论肠球菌是肝硬化患者医院感染的重要致病菌,尤以粪肠球菌和屎肠球菌为主,屎肠球菌的耐药率高于粪肠球菌,万古霉素和替考拉宁是治疗肠球菌感染的首选药物。     

Discrimination of consonance and dissonance in Java sparrows

Six adult Java sparrows were trained to discriminate between consonant and dissonant sounds consisting of three tones. In the consonance group, the perching response was reinforced when consonance was presented, but not when dissonance was presented. Both groups were given an inversion test, in which the first inversion of the chord was used as a stimulus. Four of six birds learned the discrimination and were given two tests. In the first test, novel consonances and novel dissonances were presented. All birds maintained the discrimination. When inverted consonances and dissonances were presented in the second test, the discriminative behavior was not well demonstrated. When novel dissonances consisting of tones with different intervals were presented in the third test, birds trained to perch for dissonance performed well, whereas those trained to perch for consonance did not. In summary, Java sparrows were able to discriminate between consonances and dissonances and demonstrated generalization to new combinations, they do not discriminate the same consonances and dissonances.     

3例婴儿脑膜炎败血伊丽莎白菌脑膜炎临床分析

总结脑膜炎败血伊丽莎白菌感染患儿的临床特点,以期提高临床诊治水平。收集中山市博爱医院2010年1月至2020年12月收治的3例脑膜炎败血伊丽莎白菌引起的脑膜炎患儿临床资料,结合相关文献进行总结分析。结果显示,3例患儿脑脊液中培养出脑膜炎败血伊丽莎白菌,其中2例血培养为同种细菌。3例患儿均为足月顺产,2例为新生儿期发病,1例为出生后35天发病,起病前均未发现致病高危因素。患儿以发热为主要起病表现,无抽搐及脑膜刺激征表现。3例患儿外周血常规白细胞总数、C反应蛋白、降钙素原均升高;脑脊液潘氏试验均为阳性,伴脑脊液白细胞数增高,脑脊液蛋白明显增高,脑脊液葡萄糖降低。头颅磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)或电子计算机断层扫描术(computer tomography,CT)可见脑膜强化、软脑膜增厚、脑外间隙增宽,均无脑实质受累。3例检出菌株的药敏结果表现出高度一致性,均提示对环丙沙星、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、左氧氟沙星、复方新诺明敏感。2例患儿以环丙沙星治疗,1例患儿以美罗培南联合万古霉素治疗。其中1例治愈,2例临床症状好转后出院。经电话随访,3例患儿一般情况尚可,无生长发育异常。本病例报道提示,脑膜炎败血伊丽莎白菌脑膜炎主要见于新生儿期,以发热起病为主要表现,该菌对儿科常用抗菌药物多显示体外耐药,对喹诺酮类药物敏感。     

单链抗体2F3表达条件的优化及其提纯和性质研究

将构建好的单链抗体 2F3表达载体pTMF2F3ScFv转化到大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)。先挑选出表达量高的单克隆 ,然后让其在 37℃进行表达 ,并将表达时的培养条件进行优化。实验结果表明 :最佳诱导条件为开始诱导时的菌体密度OD_590nm =1.0～ 1.8,所加异丙基β-D 硫代半乳糖苷 (IPTG)的浓度为 0.3～0.5mmol/L ,诱导时间 7h ,优化后目的蛋白表达量占菌体总蛋白的20% ,并用发酵罐成功地进行了扩大培养 ,筛选了洗涤包涵体的最佳条件。采用两步法对包涵体复性进行了研究 ,用Westernblotting及ELISA法检测了所表达的单链抗体及其生物活性 ,并成功制备了含硒单链抗体酶.     

Fermentation of fumarate and L-malate by Clostridium formicoaceticum.

The fermentation of fumarate and L-malate by Clostridium formicoaceticum was investigated. Growing and nongrowing cells degraded fumarate by dismutation to succinate, acetate, and CO2; on the other hand, only small amounts of succinate were detected when the organism was grown on L-malate. This dicarboxylic acid was mainly converted to acetate and CO2. The fermentation balances were modified if bicarbonate or formate were present in the medium. When C. formicoaceticum was grown in the presence of both dicarboxylic acids, fumarate was consumed before L-malate. The latter was mainly converted to acetate, whereas fumarate was fermented to acetate and succinate. Molar growth yields were determined to be 6 g of dry weight per mol of fumarate and 8 g of dry weight per mol of L-malate fermented.     

Effect of linoleic acid concentration on conjugated linoleic acid production by Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens A38

Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens A38 inocula were inhibited by as little as 15 microM linoleic acid (LA), but growing cultures tolerated 10-fold more LA before growth was inhibited. Growing cultures did not produce significant amounts of cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) until the LA concentration was high enough to inhibit biohydrogenation, growth was inhibited, and lysis was enhanced. Washed-cell suspensions that were incubated anaerobically with 350 microM LA converted most of the LA to hydrogenated products, and little CLA was detected. When the washed-cell suspensions were incubated aerobically, biohydrogenation was inhibited, CLA production was at least twofold greater, and CLA persisted. The LA isomerase reaction was very rapid, but the LA isomerase did not recycle like a normal enzyme to catalyze more substrate. Cells that were preincubated with CLA lost their ability to produce more CLA from LA, and the CLA accumulation was directly proportional (r(2) = 0.98) to the initial cell density. Growing cells were as sensitive to CLA as LA, the LA isomerase and reductases of biohydrogenation were linked, and free CLA was not released. Because growing cultures of B. fibrisolvens A38 did not produce significant amounts of CLA until the LA concentration was high, biohydrogenation was arrested, and the cell density had declined, the flow of CLA from the rumen may be due to LA-dependent bacterial inactivation, death, or lysis.     

OPEN HEART OPERATIONS—Results in 100 Consecutive Cases,Using Extracorporeal Circulation

In one hundred consecutive cases in which operations were done on the heart with the surgical field exposed to view and circulation was shunted to extracorporeal apparatus, there were six deaths. None were attributable to the by-pass procedure. The lesions were of various kinds, congenital and acquired. In one case a fibromyxosarcoma that was obstructing the right ventricular outflow tract and invading the main pulmonary artery was successfully excised.     

Modern antifungals in therapy of nosocomial mycosis in oncologic patients

Rational position of voriconazole in the treatment of oncologic inpatients was shown and the criteria of its use in the algorithms of the therapy and prophylaxis of nosocomial fungal infections were developed. The clinical trial enrolled 50 patients with oncologic pathologies. The patients were divided into two groups of possible invasive candidiasis risk. The patients of one group were treated with fluconazole (Diflucan) and those of the other group were treated with voriconazole (Vifend). The spectrum of the hospital fungal flora was determined and susceptibility of 310 clinically important opportunistic fungi was investigated. All the isolates of Candida albicans and C.tropicalis were susceptible to amphotericin B, fluconazole and voriconazole and 79 and 50% of the isolates were susceptible to intraconazole respectively. As for the C.krusei isolates, 67% was susceptible to amphotericin B, 50% was susceptible to fluconazole, 100% was susceptible to voriconazole and none of the strains was susceptible to intraconazole. By the clinical efficacy voriconazole was superior to fluconazole and comparable with amphotericin B, while superior to it by the number of the side effects and by the cost of the treatment course. It was concluded that voriconazole should be considered as the main agent in the antifungal therapy of oncologic patients.     

Ability ofVibrio vulnificus to obtain iron from transferrin and other iron-binding proteins

The ability of virulent and avirulent strains ofVibrio vulnificus to overcome iron limitations by using iron bound to iron-binding proteins was examined. While no strains were able to obtain iron from lactoferrin or ferritin when these proteins were not fully saturated with iron, growth was enhanced by the iron-saturated form of these proteins. None of the strains was able to scavange iron from 30% saturated transferrin, but there were strain differences in the ability to obtain iron from the saturated form. The virulent strains were able to compete more efficiently with transferrin when it was fully saturated with iron than were the avirulent strains.     

医院获得性肺炎病原菌分布及其耐药性分析

目的了解医院获得性肺炎(HAP)患者病原菌分布及其耐药性分析。方法236例被诊断为医院获得性肺炎(HAP)患者的痰及下呼吸道分泌物进行常规细菌培养鉴定,用NCCIS推荐的K-B法测定病原菌的耐药性。结果236例HAP患者检出病原菌276株,病原菌中革兰阴性杆菌占56.52%,以铜绿假单胞菌和肺炎克雷伯杆菌为主,构成比为24.64%和10.14%,最敏感的药物是碳青霉烯类药物亚胺培南,耐药率均在13.3%以下。革兰阳性球菌占30.44%,以金黄色葡萄球菌为主,构成比为21.02%,在药敏感试验方面除对万古霉素100%敏感外,对其他药物都表现出不同程度的耐药。真菌的检出率为13.04%,以白色念珠菌为主,构成比为9.42%。结论医院获得性肺炎患者应及时送检病原标本做细菌培养,按药敏结果合理选用抗生素。