海马神经元乙酰胆碱激活通道在不同培养期的功能特性

用膜片箝技术对不同培养期的新生大鼠海马神经元上乙酰胆碱受体单通道特性进行了研究,结果表明不同培养期ＡＣｈ激活通道的电学特性不同。培养早期（１－２ｄ）,２０ｐｓ通道占优势,开放以单个短开放事件为主,平均开放时间小于２ｍｓ．培养后期（１８－２１ｄ）３１,ｐＳ通道为主,开放随膜片的不同可分成两类,即单个短开放（时间常数为０．３５ｍｓ和１．２９ｍｓ）和簇状开放（时间常数为１．１５ｍｓ和９．６ｍｓ）,同时也     

大鼠纹状体神经元中乙酰胆碱激活的离子通道

用膜片钳技术对培养的纹状体神经元膜上的乙酰胆碱激活的离子通道进行了研究。结果表明,单通道电流为内向电流,随着超极化程度增大而增加,随着去极化程度增大而减少;翻转电位为１５．０±６．１ｍＶ,电导为８２．７１±１６．１７ｐＳ;通道的开放时间分布直方图和关闭时间分布直方图均需双指数拟合,开放时间分布直方图的时间常数分别为１．９３ｍｓ和５．７３ｍｓ,关闭时间分布直方图的时间常数则为０．５２８ｍｓ和２．３２ｍｓ;通道的平均开放时间和开放概率均与超极化程度无明显相关关系。由于电极液中含ＡＣｈ和Ｋ￣＋通道阻断剂Ｃｓ￣＋而不含Ｎａ￣＋或Ｃａ￣（２＋）,且浴槽液中含Ｎａ￣＋通道阻断剂河豚毒素,因此可排除内向Ｎａ￣＋流、Ｃａ￣（２＋）流和Ｋ￣＋流,提示内向电流为ＡＣｈ激活的通道电流。     

SHRsp内脏阻力血管平滑肌钙通道动力学特征

用膜片箝全细胞钡电流方式比较成年雄性卒中易感型自发性高血压大鼠（ＳＨＲｓｐ）及正常大鼠（Ｗｉｓｔａｒ）肠系膜动脉Ａ４－Ａ５分支阻力血管平滑肌电压依赖性钙通道的动力学特性。结果发现：１）两种大鼠该段均存在有Ｌ型与Ｔ型钙通道。２）峰值电流（ｐｅａｋＩＢａ２＋）幅度和密度ＳＨＲｓｐ均大于Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠。３）通道激活时间常数（τａ）ＳＨＲｓｐ小于Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠,失活时间常数（τｉ）于箝制电压（ＨＰ）＝－４０ｍＶ时,两种大鼠无区别,ＨＰ＝－８０ｍＶ时,ＳＨＲｓｐ显著大于Ｗｉｓｔａｒ。４）和Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠相比较,ＳＨＲｓｐ的稳态激活曲线（Ｄ∞）与稳态失活曲线（Ｆ∞）,均呈现左移。ＳＨＲｓｐ肠系膜动脉阻力血管平滑肌电压依赖性钙通道的如此特征更有利于胞外钙离子进入胞内。而关于内脏阻力血管的实验结果迄今鲜有报道。     

澳大利亚三种Callitris植物的核型及其系统学意义

对澳大利亚特产的Ｃａｌｌｉｔｒｉｓ属植物Ｃ．ｐｒｅｉｓｓｉｉ,Ｃ．ｖｅｒｒｕｃｏｓａ,Ｃ．ｅｎｄｌｉｃｈｅｒｉ（柏科）的核型进行了分析,后２种的为首次报道。它们的核型公式分别为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝２２＝２２ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）,２２ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）和２２ｍ（６ＳＡＴ）,均属１Ａ核型类型。染色体相对长度组成同是２ｎ＝２２＝１０Ｍ＿２＋１２Ｍ＿１该３种及其他８种Ｃａｌｌｔｒｉｓ属植物一致的核型Ｋ（２ｎ）＝２２ｍ和１Ａ类型的通常被认为是最对称和原始的。因此该属在柏科的系统发育上也许处于相当原始的地位。     

烟碱和槟榔碱对离体大鼠海马脑片CA_1锥体细胞外诱发电位的影响

在离体Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠海马脑片上,用微电极记录刺激顶树突层Ｓｃｈａｆｆｅｒ侧支引起的ＣＡ＿１区锥体细胞外群峰电位（ＰＳ）。观察用半浸式浴槽或多管微电极气压微量注射给予Ｎ受体激动剂烟碱（Ｎｉｃ）和Ｍ受体激动剂槟榔碱（Ａｒｅ）对ＰＳ的影响,探讨Ｍ和Ｎ受体功能。结果表明：Ｎｉｃ对ＰＳ幅度无明显影响,浓度１．０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ时约１／４脑片诱发出第二个群峰电位（ＰＳ＿２）,浓度增加,ＰＳ＿２发生率增加,ＰＳ＿２幅度较ＰＳ低。美加明能部分对抗烟碱诱发的ＰＳ＿２,表明ＰＳ＿２出现与Ｎ受休关系密切。Ａｒｅ降低ＰＳ幅度,当浓度达到０．００１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ即能使ＰＳ幅度降低为正常的７４％,ＰＳ幅度降低存在有效量关系,低浓度阿托品能选择性地对抗之,表明Ａｒｅ所致ＰＳ幅度下降是通过兴奋Ｍ受体的结果。     

“缺血”对大鼠大脑皮层神经元钙通道的影响

在急性分离的大鼠大脑皮层神经元上,用细胞贴附式膜片钳技术研究了在缺血状态下,膜Ｌ－和Ｎ－型钙通道的开关动力学变化。与对照组相比,在缺血状态下,Ｌ－型钙通道开放时间常数τ２由２．４７ｍｓ增加至１０．８１ｍｓ,关闭时间常数τ２由５０．７４ｍｓ缩短到１８．４２ｍｓ,开放概率由０．０６１增加到０．１８６（Ｐ均＜０．００１）,Ｎ－型钙通道开放时间常数τ２由１．７６ｍｓ增加到４．１３ｍｓ,关闭时间常数τ１和τ２分别由１．９６ｍｓ和５８．１７ｍｓ缩短到０．６１ｍｓ和９．５０ｍｓ,开放概率由０．０５３增加到０．１９３（Ｐ＜０．０１和０．００１）。钙通道的长时间开放可能对脑缺血胞内钙聚集起重要作用,加重缺血神经元的损伤     

承德市油松针叶硫及重金属含量动态及其与大气SO2之间的关系

本文分析了承德市油松（ＰｉｎｕｓｔａｂｕｔａｅｆｏｒｍｉｓＣａｒｒ．）针叶硫和重金属含量变化及其与大气ＳＯ＿２浓度之间的相关性,探讨了油松针叶对大气ＳＯ＿２的生物监测作用,结果认为：植物Ｓ含量生长末期＞休眠期＞生长初期＞生长旺盛期（ｐ＜０．００１）;重金属中Ｐｂ表现为类似的规律,Ｓ和Ｐｂ含量分别从０．７５ｍｇ·ｇ￣（－１）和０．７μｇ·ｇ￣（－１）上升到１．５８ｍｇ·ｇ￣（－１）和２．０μｇ·ｇ￣（－１）。Ｎｉ变化不明显;Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ和Ｆｅ呈下降趋势,但Ｚｎ在休眠期略有回升。Ｍｎ在休眠期最高,但生长期也很高,其余季节相对较低。这种变化特点与大气中ＳＯ＿２和总悬浮颗植物（ＴＳＰ）的变化趋势基本一致;油松针叶Ｓ含量与大气ＳＯ＿２浓度之间具有很显著的相关性,其中火车站监测点生长季节相关公式Ｙ＝－０．０２６３＋０．０９６５Ｘ（ｒ＝０．８９１１,ｐ＜０．００１）;城区Ｙ＝０．０１２６＋０．０６１８Ｘ（ｒ＝０．７８４１,ｐ＜０．０１）。利用后者可对整个承德市区的大气ＳＯ＿２污染状况进行生物监测。     

三种毛茛的核型研究

对３种（含１变种）毛莨属植物进行了核型研究,其染色体数目及核型资料为首次报道。三叶毛莨（ＲａｎｕｎｃｕｌｕｓｊａｐｏｎｉｃｕｓＴｈｕｎｂ．ｖａｒ．ｔｅｒｎａｔｉｆｏｌｉｕｓＬ．Ｌｉａｏ．）有两种核型。即基本型２ｎ＝２ｘ＝１４＝６ｍ＋４ｓｍ＋４ｓｔ（２ＳＡＴ）和杂合型２ｎ＝２ｘ＝１４＝６ｍ＋４ｓｍ＋４ｓｔ（１ＳＡＴ）,前者核型的特征是其随体较大,而后者核型变异发生在第２对和第３对同源染色体异形上,并     

钾通道活化剂对豚鼠气道平滑肌电压依赖性钾通道特性的影响

钾通道活化剂可激活钾离子通道并松驰支气管平滑肌,在急性分离的豚鼠支气管平滑肌细胞上,用膜片钳技术的细胞贴附式和内面向外式研究了其对电压依赖性钾通道的直接作用。结果证实：在全细胞记录条件下,卡吗克林和拉吗克林不影响静息膜电位。但在去极化时可使通道电导从７５．２±５．１ｐＳ分别增大到８５．９±１１．８ｐＳ和８２．１±５．５ｐＳ。通道动力学特性也发生了改变,通道平均开放时间的τｏ２值延长和开放概率显著增加,其中拉吗克林的作用更为强。两者均可诱发通道出现多级开放。表明这两类活化剂可使去极化时钾离子外流增加。     

低氧诱导兔血MDA和棘状红细胞增加及其被MPEG—SOD抑制

兔模拟海拔高度５ ０００ｍ低氧（低压舱,ＰａＯ２＝６．９ｋＰａ）,按０．２５,０．５,１,２,３,４,５和２４ｈ顺序,红细胞超氧化物歧化酶（ｓｕｐｅｒｏｘｉｄｅ ｄｉｓｍｕｔａｓｅ,ＥＣ１．１５．１;．１,ＳＯＤ）活性百分数分别下降至８６％,７６％,８１％,８４％,５５％,８１％,８４％和９５％,在０．５和３ｈ酶活性下降显著（与低氧前比,ｎ＝５,ｐ〈０．０５和ｐ〈０．０１）。在低氧前由腹腔注入维生     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细