微生态制剂联合抗生素对重症肺炎的治疗

目的探讨微生态制剂联合抗生素治疗重症肺炎的临床疗效。方法选取2017年1月至2018年5月涿州市医院收治的160例重症肺炎患者,按随机数字表法将患者分为观察组(n=80)和对照组(n=80)。对照组患者采用抗生素治疗,观察组患者在对照组基础上加用微生态制剂进行治疗。观察两组患者治疗14 d后的疗效和治疗前后免疫功能指标(CD_3~+细胞、CD_4~+细胞、CD_8~+细胞、CD_4~+/CD_8~+)及白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、C反应蛋白(CRP)及降钙素原(PCT)水平的变化,并记录两组患者不良反应发生情况。结果观察组患者治疗总有效率显著高于对照组(93.8%vs 81.3%,P0.05)。观察组患者不良反应发生率明显低于对照组(6.3%vs 17.5%,χ~2=4.838,P=0.028)。与治疗前比较,观察组和对照组患者治疗后CD_3~+细胞、CD_4~+细胞及CD_4~+/CD_8~+水平明显升高(P0.05),CD_8~+细胞水平明显降低。治疗后观察组和对照组患者IL-6、CRP及PCT水平均明显低于治疗前(P0.05),且观察组治疗后IL-6、CRP及PCT水平均明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论微生态制剂联合抗生素治疗重症肺炎的临床效果较好,可提高患者的免疫功能及减轻炎症反应。     

乌苯美司胶囊联合SOX化疗对晚期胃癌患者的临床疗效研究

目的:探讨乌苯美司胶囊联合SOX化疗对晚期胃癌患者的临床疗效及安全性。方法:选择2013年9月至2015年9月我院接诊的90例晚期胃癌患者,通过随机数表法分为观察组(n=45)和对照组(n=45)。对照组给予SOX化疗方案,观察组在此基础上联合乌苯美司胶囊。比较两组治疗前后CD_4~+、CD_8~+、CD_4~+/CD_8~+、血清基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-2、MMP-9水平、临床疗效、不良反应发生情况以及6个月、12个月生存率。结果:治疗后,观察组CD_4+、CD_4~+/CD_8~+显著高于对照组(P0.05),血清MMP2、MMP-9水平明显低于对照组(P0.05);临床疗效总有效率高于对照组[68.89%(31/45)vs48.89%(22/45)](P0.05),血小板下降、白细胞下降、恶心呕吐、肝功异常的发生率均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。观察组在6个月、12个月时生存率均高于对照组[93.33%(42/45)vs77.78%(35/45),82.22%(37/45)vs57.78%(26/45)](P0.05)。结论:与单用SOX方案相比,乌苯美司胶囊联合SOX化疗方案治疗晚期胃癌患者的效果显著,可有效改善免疫功能,提高远期生存率,且安全性更高。     

单孔电视胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗早期肺癌的效果及对血清EGFR、VEGF水平及免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨单操作孔电视胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗早期肺癌的临床效果及对血清表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)水平和免疫功能的影响。方法:选择2014年2月至2017年2月我院接诊的60例早期肺癌患者,采取随机数表法分作观察组(n=30)与对照组(n=30)。观察组采用单操作孔电视胸腔镜肺叶切除术,对照组采用传统胸腔镜三孔法。比较两组手术用时、切口长度、术中出血量、术后下床活动时间、术后住院时间、拔出引流管时间、术后总引流量,治疗前后血清EGFR、VEGF水平、CD4~+、CD8~+T细胞比例、CD4~+/CD8~+比值、NK比例的变化及不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗后,观察组的手术用时、术后住院时间、术后下床活动时间及拔出引流管时间均显著短于对照组(P0.05);术中出血量、切口长度及术后总引流量均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。观察组治疗后血清EGFR、VEGF表达均明显低于对照组(P0.05),CD4~+T、CD8~+T、CD4~+T/CD8~+T、NK水平均显著高于对照组(P0.05),不良反应总发生率显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:单操作孔电视胸腔镜肺叶切除术用于治疗早期肺癌的创伤小,患者恢复快,可有效降低血清中EGFR、VEGF的表达,改善其免疫功能,减少不良反应的发生。     

连续性血液净化对小儿脓毒症患者血清抗凝血酶Ⅲ, IL-6 及D- 二聚体水 平的影响

目的:探究连续性血液净化对小儿脓毒症患者血清抗凝血酶Ⅲ、IL-6及D-二聚体水平的影响。方法:收集我院收治的小儿脓毒症患儿48例,根据随机对照表分为对照组和试验组,每组各24例。两组均实施常规对症治疗,对照组患者予以低分子肝素钙治疗,试验组试验组在对照组的基础上采用床旁血滤机进行连续性血液净化治疗。治疗结束后,对比分析两组患儿临床疗效、血凝四项、T细胞亚群、抗凝血酶Ⅲ、白介素-6、D-二聚体水平以及不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗后,与对照组相比,试验组的临床总有效率较高(P0.05);两组血清活化部分凝血活酶时间、凝血酶原时间、凝血时间、血清白介素6及D-二聚体水平下降(P0.05),纤维蛋白原、抗凝血酶Ⅲ、CD_3~+、CD_4~+、CD_8~+、CD_4~+/CD_8~+水平升高(P0.05);与对照组相比,试验组血清活化部分凝血活酶时间、凝血酶原时间、凝血时间、血清白介素6及D-二聚体水平较低(P0.05),纤维蛋白原、抗凝血酶Ⅲ、CD_3~+、CD_4~+、CD_8~+、CD_4~+/CD_8~+水平较高(P0.05);两组组不良反应发生率相比无显著差异(P0.05)。结论:连续性血液净化对小儿脓毒症的临床疗效显著,可能与上调抗凝血酶Ⅲ,下调血清IL-6及D-二聚体水平有关。     

高压氧联合神经节苷脂对高血压脑出血患者术后的影响

目的:分析高压氧联合神经节苷脂对高血压脑出血患者微创血肿清除术后的临床疗效。方法:选择2012年1月-2016年10月我院收治的高血压脑出血患者100例,根据随机数字表法分成观察组、对照组,每组各50例。所有患者均先行微创血肿清除术,对照组患者术后24 h内确定体征平稳,病情稳定后给予高压氧治疗,观察组在对照组治疗方法的基础之上加用神经节苷脂。比较两组患者的临床疗效、治疗前后神经功能缺损评分(NIHSS)、脑水肿体积、血清基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、S100β蛋白及神经生长因子(NGF)的水平的变化及术后3个月时的日常生活活动能力。结果:治疗后,观察组的基本痊愈率显著高于对照组(P0.05),两组NIHSS评分都较治疗前显著降低,且观察组NIHSS评分显著低于对照组(P均0.05)。两组手术后第7 d、14 d及28 d的脑水肿体积均显著低于治疗前(P0.05),且观察组各时间点的脑水肿体积均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。两组血清MMP-9、S100β均较治疗前降低(P0.05),NGF较治疗前升高(P0.05),且观察组治疗后的血清MMP-9、S100β水平显著低于、血清NGF水平显著高于对照组(P0.05)。观察组患者术后3个月时的日常生活活动能力总良好率显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:高压氧联合神经节苷脂辅助微创血肿清除术治疗高血压脑出血临床疗效显著,有利于改善患者预后。     

双嘧达莫辅助治疗川崎病患儿的疗效及对T淋巴细胞亚群、凝血功能影响

目的:探讨双嘧达莫辅助治疗川崎病患儿的疗效及对T淋巴细胞亚群、凝血功能影响。方法:选择我院2016年3月至2018年1月接诊的90例川崎病患儿,通过随机数表法分为对照组44例和观察组46例,对照组给予常规治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合双嘧达莫进行辅助治疗。两组患者均连续治疗8周。比较两组T淋巴细胞亚群、症状缓解情况、凝血功能的变化情况及并发症。结果:治疗后,观察组临床疗效总有效率高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组CD_3~+、CD_8~+均高于对照组,CD_4~+/CD_8~+低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组发热、颈淋巴结肿胀、眼结膜充血、口腔黏膜充血、躯干红斑缓解时间均短于对照组(P0.05),差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)均长于对照组,纤维蛋白原(FIB)低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);两组不良反应、冠状动脉损害情况发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:双嘧达莫辅助治疗川崎病患儿临床疗效显著,缩短患儿症状缓解时间,能有效调节T淋巴细胞亚群的表达及凝血功能,值得临床应用推广。     

硬膜外阻滞复合全麻与全凭静脉麻醉在宫颈癌手术中的效果比较

目的:对比硬膜外阻滞复合全麻与全凭静脉麻醉在宫颈癌手术中的效果。方法:选择2016年1月～2018年12月我院收治的90例宫颈癌患者,均采取腹腔镜宫颈癌根治术治疗,将其随机分为两组。对照组采用全凭静脉麻醉方法,观察组采用硬膜外阻滞复合全麻方法。比较两组的术后感染率、拔管时间以及苏醒时间,术前、术后12 h和术后72 h的血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平、CD3~+、CD4~+/CD8~+、CD8~+、CD4~+的变化。结果:观察组术后感染率、拔管时间以及苏醒时间均明显低于对照组(P0.05);观察组患者术后12 h的血清TNF-α以及IL-6水平明显低于术前和对照组(P0.05),两组术后72 h的血清TNF-α和IL-6水平均恢复至术前水平;两组术后12 h的CD3~+、CD4~+/CD8~+、CD4~+均明显低于术前(P0.05),且观察组术后12 h的CD3~+、CD4~+/CD8~+、CD4~+明显高于对照组(P0.05),两组术后72 h的CD3~+、CD4~+/CD8~+、CD8~+、CD4~+均恢复至术前水平。结论:与全凭静脉麻醉相比,硬膜外阻滞复合全麻更有助于宫颈癌手术患者早期拔管和苏醒,其可明显减轻患者术后的免疫抑制,有效降低术后感染发生率。     

ERCP术与腹腔镜手术治疗胆总管结石的疗效对比及对血清AST、ALT、ALP的影响

目的:探讨内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)与腹腔镜手术治疗胆总管结石的疗效对比及对血清门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)的影响。方法:选择2017年4月到2018年4月我院接诊的胆总管结石患者50例作为研究对象,以随机数表法分为观察组(n=26)和对照组(n=24),对照组使用腹腔镜手术治疗,观察组采用ERCP取石术治疗。比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后下床时间、住院时间、血清AST、ALT、ALP水平变化情况、术后胃肠道恢复时间及术后不良反应发生情况。结果:观察组患者手术时间高于对照组,(P0.05),术中出血量、术后下床时间及住院时间均显著低于对照组(P0.05);手术前,两组患者血清AST、ALT、ALP水平无明显差异;治疗后,两组患者血清AST、ALT、ALP水平均明显上升(P0.05),且观察组患者血清AST、ALT、ALP水平显著低于对照组(P0.05);观察组患者肠鸣音恢复时间、排气时间、排便时间均明显低于对照组(P0.05);治疗期间,观察组患者不良反应总发生率为7.69%,显著低于对照组的29.17%(P0.05)。结论:在胆总管结石患者中应用ERCP取石术效果显著,对患者血清血清AST、ALT、ALP影响较小,值得推广与运用。     

血清IL-2、IL-16水平的变化和艾滋病患者机会性感染的关系探究

目的:研究血清IL-2、IL-16水平的变化和艾滋病患者机会性感染的关系。方法:选择2016年1月至2018年10月在我院接受治疗的艾滋病患者120例作为观察组,根据美国疾病预防控制中心及世界卫生组织标准将其分为三期,A期24例,B期41例,C期55例,其中96例为机会性感染者。同期选择20例在本院进行正常体检者作为对照组。观察组采用高效抗逆转录病毒疗法(HAART)治疗。检测和比较各期艾滋病患者与对照组、机会性感染组与非机会性感染组、艾滋病各期治疗前后血清白介素-2(IL-2)、白介素-16(IL-16)、CD4~+细胞、CD8~+细胞计数的差异。结果:观察组各期艾滋病患者血清IL-2、IL-16水平明显低于对照组,且C期患者血清IL-2、IL-16水平均显著低于A、B期患者(P0.05);观察组及各期患者CD4~+细胞计数均低于对照组,CD8~+细胞计数均高于对照组,且C期患者CD4~+细胞计数均显著低于A、B期患者,CD8~+细胞计数均高于A、B期患者(P0.05);机会性感染组患者血清IL-2、IL-16水平明显低于非机会性感染组(P0.05);治疗后,观察组各期患者血清IL-2、IL-16水平较治疗前明显显著升高,且A期患者血清IL-2、IL-16显著高于B、C期患者(P0.05)。结论:艾滋病机会性感染患者血清IL-2、IL-16水平均显著降低,通过监测血清IL-2、IL-16水平可积极防治机会性感染。     

复方菝葜颗粒联合PT新辅助化疗方案对晚期宫颈癌的疗效探讨

目的:研究复方菝葜颗粒联合PT新辅助化疗方案对晚期宫颈癌的疗效。方法:选择2013年1月～2016年12月我院收治的63例晚期宫颈癌患者,随机分为两组。对照组使用PT新辅助化疗方案,其中顺铂的剂量为75 mg/m2,紫杉醇为的剂量为175 mg/m2;观察组联合口服复方菝葜颗粒,每次3次,每次服用1袋。两组均连续治疗1个月,然后进行广泛性手术治疗。治疗前后,比较两组的瘤体最大直径和免疫功能指标;并记录患者的远期生存情况。结果:治疗后,观察组的有效率为80.64%,明显高于对照组(56.25%,P0.05);两组的瘤体最大直径均较治疗前明显降低(P0.05),且观察组宫颈癌患者的瘤体最大直径明显低于对照组(P0.05);对照组的CD_3~+、CD_4~+、IgM、IgA、IgG较治疗前明显降低(P0.05),观察组的CD_3~+、CD_4~+、IgM、IgA、IgG较治疗前明显升高(P0.05),且观察组CD_3~+、CD_4~+、Ig M、Ig A、Ig G明显高于对照组(P0.05);观察组1年生存率为93.55%(29/31)、2年生存率为83.87%(26/31)、3年生存率为77.42%(24/31),均明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:复方菝葜颗粒联合PT新辅助化疗方案能改善晚期宫颈癌患者的免疫功能,提高远期生存率。     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Uniform hypothesis of cell behavior--movement, contact inhibition of movement, adhesion, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis, division, contact inhibition of division, fusion.

The cell has been represented as a charged liquid drop. Contrary to the DLVO-theory, the effect of the surface potential upon the value of the interfacial tension of the cell membrane has also been taken into consideration. The cell membrane has visco-elastic properties and its constituents may move against each other. Cell movement is caused by the appearance of a small number of the electrically charged constituents of the cell membrane on the leading edge of the cell. This produces a local decrease in the surface tension and the cell membrane expansion. At the moment of contact between two cells proton transfers occur between the strongly negatively charged microvilli of one cell and the body of the other, analogous to a condenser breakdown. This, through the effect on the surface tension, causes contact inhibition of movement. The distribution of the proton dissociable groups modifies the interaction between the cells (differentiation) and between the cell and the substratum (adhesion). Adsorption of the charged compounds at the surface of the cell membrane, decreasing the surface potential and increasing the surface tension, causes the phenomena of chemotaxis, phagocytosis and pinocytosis. Cell division, considered in the terms of the surface energy, requires an adequate supply of considerable quantities of energy inversely proportional to the surface potential value. In case of a reduction of the distance between the cells, their surface potential and the energetic barrier of the cell division processes increases, and causes contact inhibition of cell division. Due to their high charge, division of neoplastic cells is inhibited much later than division of normal cells, or is completely ininhibited due to geometric conditions. Fusion of the cell membrane in the intra-cellular and intercellular processes is a reverse process in relation to the cell division.     

The effect of malathion,diazinon, and various concentrations of zinc,copper, nickel,lead, iron,and mercury on fish

Acute and chronic toxicity tests for malathion, diazinon, copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), and iron (Fe) were conducted. Mortalities ofBarilius vagra andCyprinus carpio (common carp) were variable but LC50-96 hr were similar for pesticides. AdultB. vagra seem to be more sensitive to malathion than juvenile carp. Both juvenile carp and adultB. vagra were extremely sensitive to diazinon. Long-term exposure to pesticides modified morphology and behavior. The LC50-96 values for Cu, Hg, and Pb were 0.3, 0.16, and 0.44, respectively, for smaller fish and 1.0, 0.77, and 1.33, respectively, for larger fish. Replicate LC50 values for Zn, Ni, and Fe were somewhat variable, and for these metals, the size of the fish seemed to affect response because LC50 values increased as fish size increased. Cooper, Pb, Zn, and Fe residues following exposure to sublethal concentrations of these metals for 15 d were significantly greater in whole juvenile common carp than in controls.     

Further studies of the sieve-element plastids of theCaryophyllales includingBarbeuia,Corrigiola, Lyallia,Microtea, Sarcobatus,andTelephium

The sieve-element plastids of 69 species of theCaryophyllales were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. All contained the specific subtype-P3 plastids characterized by a peripheral ring of protein filaments. The presence or absence of an additional central protein crystal and their shape being either polygonal or globular as well as the average sizes of the sieve-element plastids are useful features in the characterization of some families.—Barbeuia contains sieve-element plastids that confirm its placement within thePhytolaccaceae. Lyallia differs fromHectorella by including small starch grains in their sieve-element plastids, which otherwise by their globular crystals negate a closer connection to theCaryophyllaceae. The lack of a central protein crystal in its form-P3fs plastids placesMicrotea best within theChenopodiaceae. Sarcobatus, a so far uncontested member of theChenopodiaceae, contains form-P3cf plastids, i.e., including a central crystal not found elsewhere in this family.Telephium andCorrigiola, shifted back and forth betweenMolluginaceae andCaryophyllaceae, have form-P3cf(s) plastids with a polygonal crystal which favor their placement within theCaryophyllaceae.     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Synthesis,tautomerism, and antimicrobial,anti-HCV,anti-SSPE,antioxidant, and antitumor activities of arylazobenzosuberones

2-Dimethylaminomethylene-1-benzosuberone 1 was coupled with diazotized aniline derivatives to afford a series of the hitherto unreported 2-arylazo-1-benzosuberones 3a–i. The tautomeric structure and the effect of substituents on the tautomeric form (s) of the products 3a–i were discussed. Similar coupling of the enaminone 1 with diazonium salts of heterocyclic amines gave the respective fused azolotriazino-benzosuberones. Some of the newly synthesized compounds showed potent antimicrobial, anti-HCV, antioxidant, antitumor (as topoisomerase I inhibitors), and antimicrobial activities.     

Definitions,measurements, and classifications of stimuli,situations, and environments

A review is presented of issues relevant to the definition, measurement, and classification of stimuli, situations, and environments. Problems such as the lack of adequate definitions of concepts, error and bias in measurement procedures, confusion between measurement of a concept and measurement of its behavioral effects, and the lack of agreement among alternative measures are emphasized. It is suggested that concepts be defined in terms of objective characteristics while allowing for the study of the transactional relationship between organism and environment. The work of the ethologists in defining stimuli while studying their relationship to different organismic states and situational contexts is emphasized in this regard. Following Brunswik, it is also suggested that wherever possible there be a representative sampling of variables in natural settings. Note from the editors: From time to time, Human Ecology will publish a review article. Our first in this series is a review by a psychologist of basic definitional and conceptual problems in environmental studies.This paper was prepared while the author was a Visiting Research Fellow at the Educational Testing Service. The support of ETS and my colleagues in the Division of Psychological Studies is gratefully acknowledged. The review was also supported in part by a grant from the Rutgers University Research Council.