AFAP1在博来霉素诱导的A549细胞衰老中的作用机制研究

目的:研究AFAP1在博来霉素诱导的A549细胞衰老模型中的作用及分子机制。方法:用50μg/m L的博来霉素处理A549细胞5天建立细胞衰老模型。用相同浓度的博来霉素处理细胞1-5天观察细胞从周期阻滞到衰老的过程,SA-β-Gal染色检测衰老细胞数目,用Western blot方法检测AFAP1、p21、c-Src等蛋白表达。过表达AFAP1后,观察细胞衰老状态及各蛋白表达水平变化。结果:50μg/m L的博来霉素处理A549细胞5天后可以建立细胞衰老模型,表现为BLM组SA-β-Gal阳性细胞数升高(P0.01)且细胞体积显著增大(P0.01),p21表达水平升高。在衰老的A549细胞中,AFAP1和激活型(Src p Y416)表达水平变化一致,从BLM处理后出现升高第4天开始明显下降在第5天最低,c-Src和Src p Y527表达水平不变。过表达AFAP1后再用博来霉素诱导,SA-β-Gal阳性细胞数及细胞体积、Src p Y416和p21表达与空载对照比较未发现有明显差异(P0.05)。结论:衰老的A549细胞中AFAP1表达下调,c-Src活性降低;过表达AFAP1不能减轻博来霉素诱导的A549细胞衰老,也不能抑制衰老细胞中的c-Src的活性下降。     

TGFβ信号调控阿霉素诱导的衰老肿瘤细胞表达SA-β-gal

目的:细胞衰老是维持机体稳态的一种重要机制,表达SA-β-gal被认为是衰老细胞的一种特异性的标志,但有研究表明在衰老细胞中SA-β-gal染色阳性只是衰老细胞的溶酶体变大的结果,为了探究SA-β-gal的表达与细胞衰老之间的具体关系,我们验证了参与调节衰老细胞表达SA-β-gal的信号通路及SA-β-gal的表达情况是否会对细胞衰老的过程产生影响.方法:肿瘤细胞用低剂量的阿霉素处理24小时后,再分别给予不同的小分子抑制剂继续作用4天,观察SA-β-gal染色阳性的细胞数目及SA-β-gal表达与否对于衰老细胞在分泌细胞因子、生长阻滞等细胞生物学功能上的影响.结果:在阿霉素诱导细胞发生衰老的过程中,TGFβ抑制剂SB431542能够抑制衰老细胞表达SA-β-gal,而SA-β-gal表达的缺失并不影响细胞衰老的其他特征性改变.结论:低剂量的阿霉素作用肿瘤细胞后,细胞会进入衰老的状态.在细胞衰老的过程中,TGFβ受体Ⅰ的抑制剂SB431542可以抑制衰老细胞表达SA-β-gal,但是SA-β-gal的缺失表达并不影响细胞衰老的过程及衰老细胞的其他特性,如:不可逆的生长阻滞、分泌有活性的细胞因子等.结果表明:SA-β-gal并不能作为衰老细胞的特异性标志.     

G蛋白偶联雌激素受体介导17β-雌二醇抗血管平滑肌细胞氧化应激性衰老

目的探讨G蛋白偶联雌激素受体(GPER)能否介导雌激素抗大鼠血管平滑肌细胞(vascular smooth muscle cells,VSMCs)氧化应激性衰老效应。方法取体外培养第3~4代VSMCs,以150μmol/L H_2O_2处理2h建立细胞衰老模型。用10~(-8)mol/L17β-雌二醇(E_2)、10~(-6)mol/LGPER激动剂G1和抑制剂G15分别处理VSMCs。衰老相关β-半乳糖苷酶(SA-β-Gal)染色法检测各组细胞SA-β-Gal染色阳性率;流式细胞术检测各组细胞周期变化;RT-qPCR和Western blot检测GPERmRNA和蛋白表达变化。结果 H_2O_2使VSMCs SA-β-Gal染色阳性率明显增加,细胞周期停滞于G0/G1期,GPER mRNA和蛋白水平降低,E2和G1对H_2O_2的这些效应具有抑制作用,而G15可阻断E2和G1对H_2O_2上述效应的抑制作用。结论雌激素依赖GPER发挥抗血管平滑肌细胞氧化应激性衰老效应。     

Rac1蛋白活化加速缺氧诱导的人血管内皮细胞衰老

为阐明Rac1蛋白在人脐静脉内皮细胞（human umbilical vein endothelial cells,HUVECs）衰老中的作用及分子机制,我们采用持续缺氧的方法诱导内皮细胞衰老,检测缺氧前后内皮细胞衰老标志基因SA-β-Gal和PAI-1的表达、细胞周期分布和细胞增殖情况,同时分析缺氧前后细胞内Rac1蛋白的表达.结果显示,持续缺氧96 h后,HUVECs体积变大,细胞浆内颗粒和空泡增多,SA-β-Gal活性明显增加,PAI-1基因表达升高,细胞发生G1期阻滞,细胞增殖受抑,活化型Rac1蛋白表达上调,提示持续缺氧诱导的内皮细胞衰老可能与Rac1蛋白的活化有关.为进一步明确内皮细胞衰老与Rac1蛋白的关系,应用逆转录病毒将持续活化型Rac1（V12Rac1）和主导抑制型Rac1（N17Rac1）基因分别瞬时感染HUVECs,比较三种HUVECs（HUVECs,V12Rac1-HUVECs,N17Rac1-HUVECs）缺氧后的衰老变化,并分析其下游调控分子--血清反应因子（serum response factor,SRF）的表达和定位变化.研究发现,缺氧培养V12Rac1-HUVECs 48 h即可引起细胞衰老,表现为SA-β-Gal活性明显增加,PAI-1基因表达升高,细胞出现明显的G1期阻滞并且细胞增殖受抑,其改变与缺氧96 h的HUVECs相似;而N17Rac1明显抑制缺氧引起的内皮细胞衰老发生.上述结果说明,Rac1蛋白活化可以加速缺氧诱导的内皮细胞衰老,而抑制Rac1蛋白的活性则可抑制缺氧诱导的内皮细胞衰老.为进一步研究Rac1蛋白引起内皮细胞衰老的机制,通过免疫荧光染色及Western blot分析检测三种细胞缺氧处理后SRF的表达,发现：与HUVECs细胞比较,V12Rac1引起缺氧48 h HUVECs核蛋白中SRF的表达明显下降,SRF入核转位受到明显抑制;而N17Rac1感染后,缺氧HUVECs细胞核蛋白中SRF表达明显增多.上述结果提示：缺氧状态下Rac1蛋白活化能够明显加速HUVECs衰老,而抑制Rac1蛋白活性则明显抑制缺氧诱导的HUVECs衰老,SRF蛋白的核转位活化参与了Rac1蛋白调控HUVECs衰老的发生.     

D-半乳糖诱导衰老小鼠睾丸结构与功能变化及其氧化应激相关机制

目的建立D-半乳糖(D-gal)致小鼠衰老模型,探讨睾丸结构与功能变化及相关机制。方法 C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为衰老组和对照组。衰老组小鼠皮下注射D-gal;对照组等时等量注射生理盐水。模型复制完成第2d,采集小鼠内眦静脉血测定血清睾酮水平;取小鼠睾丸测定睾丸指数;石蜡切片HE染色观察睾丸组织形态学;衰老相关β-半乳糖苷酶(SA-β-Gal)染色检测生精细胞衰老;TUNEL法检测生精细胞凋亡;制备睾丸组织匀浆上清,ELISA检测TNF-α、IL-1β、和IL-6的水平;硫代巴比妥酸法检测丙二醛(MDA)含量;酶学法检测超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性;ABTS法检测总抗氧化能力(TAC);Western blotting检测衰老相关蛋白p21与p53表达水平。结果衰老模型组小鼠血清睾酮水平显著下降,睾丸脏器指数无明显差异,生精小管结构紊乱,生精细胞病理损伤明显,SA-β-Gal染色阳性的生精细胞百分率上升,细胞凋亡指数上升,睾丸匀浆上清中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6水平显著上升,SOD活性、TAC能力显著降低,MDA含量上升,睾丸组织中衰老相关蛋白:p21与p53表达水平显著提高。结论 D-gal建立的衰老动物模型可见睾丸形态结构与功能出现衰老的生物学表现,其机制可能与氧化应激损伤及p21/p53通路激活有关。     

高糖通过诱导HT22细胞衰老和凋亡抑制细胞生长

目的探讨高糖(High glucose,HG)对小鼠海马神经元细胞HT22细胞的生长抑制作用,分析其是否通过HG诱导细胞衰老以及凋亡而实现。方法采用台盼蓝染色计数法检测细胞生长状况并绘制生长曲线,β-半乳糖苷酶(Senescence associated acidic-β-galactosidas,SA-β-Gal)染色法检测衰老的HT22细胞,Hoechst 33258染色法检测HT22细胞凋亡形态。结果(1)HG(13.5、27、40.5mg/ml,48h)能显著抑制HT22细胞生长(P0.05,P0.01);(2)HG(13.5、27、40.5mg/ml)处理48h可明显诱导SA-β-Gal染色阳性率增加(P0.001);(3)HG(13.5、27、40.5mg/ml,48h)能诱导HT22细胞发生凋亡(P0.001),且呈浓度依赖性。结论 HG可通过诱导HT22细胞衰老和凋亡而抑制HT22细胞生长。     

原花青素B2通过Akt/FoxO4通路拮抗内皮细胞衰老的实验研究

研究原花青素B2(PCB2)对内皮细胞衰老的调控作用,探讨其可能的分子机制。以棕榈酸(PA)50μmol/L处理胰岛内皮细胞MS-1建立细胞衰老模型,根据细胞活力、β-半乳糖苷酶(SA-β-Gal)染色以及细胞周期相关基因的表达来评估内皮细胞衰老;同时加入PCB2干预,检测衰老相关指标及Akt/FoxO4通路的蛋白表达水平的变化情况。MS-1细胞经PA处理后SA-β-Gal阳性细胞增加,细胞周期相关基因p53和p21上调显示细胞周期阻滞在G0/G1期,表明PA处理后能诱导内皮细胞衰老发生;经PCB2(50μg/mL)干预后能够有效改善PA诱导的细胞衰老。相比于正常组,经PA处理后抑制Akt活化,其表达由胞核转至胞浆,在胞核中表达明显减少;导致Akt下游信号FoxO4的磷酸化降低,使其在细胞核中明显增加;而应用PCB2(50μg/mL)处理后能有效逆转这一现象;PCB2对棕榈酸诱导的内皮细胞衰老有明显的保护作用,其可能通过Akt/FoxO4信号通路发挥调控作用。     

SS-31通过调控线粒体功能延缓细胞衰老的分子机制

摘要 目的：探讨SS-31通过调控线粒体功能延缓细胞衰老的调控效应。方法：将HEK293T细胞分为空白组、模型组、SS-31组。使用H₂O₂诱导应激性衰老模型,然后采用SS-31对HEK293T细胞进行干预。SA-β-gal衰老染色试剂盒检测细胞衰老水平;JC-1试剂盒检测细胞线粒体膜电位水平;荧光倒置显微镜观察线粒体活性氧（ROS）荧光强度;ATP检测试剂盒检测细胞内ATP水平;蛋白质免疫印迹检测P53,P21,Acetyl-p53,Sirt1蛋白表达。结果：模型组SA-β-gal阳性率高于空白组,应用SS-31后阳性率显著降低,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;ROS荧光检测：与空白组比较,模型组荧光强度上升,而SS-31组荧光强度较模型组下降,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;线粒体膜电位检测：与空白组比较,模型组红色荧光强度显著下降,SS-31干预后,红色荧光强度显著上升,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;ATP检测：模型组ATP水平低于对照组,SS-31组高于模型组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;此外,模型组P53,P21及Acetyl-p53蛋白表达水平较空白组增加（P＜0.05）,而SS-31组较模型组有所降低,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,模型组Sirt1蛋白表达水平较空白组降低（P＜0.05）,而SS-31组较模型组升高,差异有统计学差异（P＜0.05）。结论：SS-31能够通过改善线粒体功能延缓HEK293T细胞衰老。     

衰老对AhR 及其血管生成相关因子表达的影响

目的:探讨芳香烃受体(aryl hydrocarbon receptor,Ah R)在过氧化氢(H_2O_2)诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)衰老模型中表达的变化情况及其对血管生成相关因子表达的影响。方法:采用不同浓度的H_2O_2(100μM,200μM,300μM)处理HUVECs诱导内皮细胞衰老,通过β-半乳糖苷酶染色观察细胞衰老情况,Western blot检测HUVECs中Ah R蛋白以及血管生成相关因子低氧诱导因子-1α(hypoxia-inducible factor-1α,HIF-1α)蛋白表达,ELISA检测细胞培养上清液中血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)表达的变化。结果:与对照组相比,经过不同浓度H_2O_2处理后,HUVECs均出现细胞衰老表现,Ah R蛋白表达显著增加,HIF-1α以及VEGF蛋白表达明显减少,且均呈现出剂量依赖性,以300μM H_2O_2处理组最为显著。结论:在过氧化氢诱导衰老的人脐静脉内皮细胞中Ah R蛋白表达明显增加,HIF-1α和VEGF等促血管生成因子明显减少。     

人参皂苷Rg1调控神经干细胞衰老作用及机制探讨

用三丁基过氧化氢(t-BHP)构建神经干细胞(NSC)体外衰老模型,探讨人参皂苷Rgl延缓NSC衰老的作用及机制,为寻找延缓NSC衰老新途径提供理论和实验依据。将从新生SD大鼠海马组织中分离纯化的第三代NSC随机分为五组。对照组:在NSC完全培养基中培养2 h;衰老模型组:在对照组基础上加入终浓度为100μmol/L的t-BHP培养2 h;Rg1组:在对照组基础上加入终浓度为10μg/mL的Rg1培养2 h;Rg1抗衰老组:在衰老造模同时加入终浓度为10μg/mL的Rg1培养2h;Rg1治疗衰老组:终浓度为100μmol/L的t-BHP培养2h后再加入终浓度为10μg/mL的Rg1继续培养2 h。MTT法、神经球计数、分化细胞计数以及衰老相关β-半乳糖苷酶(SA-β-Gal)染色阳性神经球计数分析Rg1调控NSC衰老的生物学作用,RT-PCR检测衰老相关基因p16~(1NK4a)、p21~(Cipl/Wafl)mRNA的表达。结果显示,与衰老组比较,Rg1抗衰老组和治疗衰老组NSC的增殖能力和多向分化能力显著增强;衰老特异性SA-β-Gal染色阳性神经球百分比显著降低,p16~(INK4a)、p21~(Cip...     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细